自考国际商务英语课后题
一、
What does international business refer to? Please tell the
difference between international business and domestic business.
1. International business refers to transactions between parties
from diffirent countries.
There are four major diffrences between international business and domestic business:
1) differences in legal system
2) differences in currencies
3) differences in cutural background
4) differences in natural and economic conditions
Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?
2. Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one
country for consumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.
Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?
3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Please elaborate on the two categoreis of international investment. What is their major difference?
4. Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the
enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.
Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.
What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?
5. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.
Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advanteges of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?
6. Under franchising, a fim, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another,
called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.
In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the
franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.
What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?
7. Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or
other specialized services to
another within a particular period for a flat payment or a
percentage of the relevant business volum.
When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets..
What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?
8. For an interantional turnkey project, a firm signs a contract
with a foreign purchaser and
undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equiping
before handing it over to the latter upon completion.
For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time
after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.
Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Franchise: an
arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.
Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product.
Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.
Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.
Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.
Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.
Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arragements.
Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the
sale of the investment.
Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how
Licensor: a person or company granting a licence 1.国际贸易一般指不
同国家的当
事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involes mor factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.
2(随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又
有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away form international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和―交钥匙‖工程。
Other forms for paticipating in international business are management contract, contract manufaturing and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进
口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country
for sonsumption or resale in another.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方
式。
Besides trade and investment, licensing and franchising are
sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.
二、
Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchaeably?
1. GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced ty the property and labor
owned by the residents of an economy.
GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced
within the geographic area of an economy.
The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place.
The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it is very small in most cases, so we can use them interchangeably.
What are meant by high income, middle income, and low income
countries according to the World Bank? Cite some exaples for each group.
2. Those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above are classified as high-income
countries. This group comprises three types of countries.
a) most members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development(OECD) b) rich oil producing contries of the middle east (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates).
c) Small-industrialized countries or regions such as Israel, Singapore, Hong Kong and
Taiwan.
Countries with annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765
are regarded as middle-income countries.
1) most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent
States, six OECD members.(Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico, Turkey)
2) quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries
in Asia.(Indonesia, Malaysia, the philippines, Thailand)
3) Among the African countries, South Africa and oil-producing Libya, Nigeria and Algeria. Lower income countries are those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less.
1) Most African contries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries.
Why are high income countries important to trade and investment? Should we neglect low income countries in international business?
3. High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, advanced
technology, efficiet management, and favorable environment for trade and investment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods
and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment.
We should not neglect low income countries in international business, because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources. What is more important, market is something to be developed. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.
In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of a particular market?
4. Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy which is important in market assessment
for durable equipment or bulk goods such as grain, steel, or cement. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.
Was china a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?
5. China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low
income country just a few years ago.
What does the term ―Traid‖ refer to? What is meant ty Quad?
6. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world
the United States, the European
Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities.
Some people extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.
How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account.
7. OECD means Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
was established in
1961 by the major capitalim countries with the headquarter in Paris.
It has 29 member countries, among which, 23 of them are high-income countries and the others are middle-income countries.
What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunites?
8. The best policy is to develop business opportunities wherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets. Tap: to take what is needed form, to exploit
PPP: purchasint power parity
Consumerism: considerable desire to make purchase for consumption
Recipient: a person or an organization etc. that receives something Pruchasing power: of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services
Average: of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount Spur: to urge or encourage
Productive: producing in high efficiency or in large quantity
Assess: to judge an amount or value
Infrastructure: large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support
economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce 国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概
念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important con cepts used to indicate a country’s total income.
The difference between GND and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes
place.
要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the pruchasing power of its residents.
世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域:高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-income economies.
中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。
China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago.
就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。
So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India, and a bit farther away Australia. 三、
1. What is a free trade area? Make a brief account of the most notable free trade area in
the world.
Members of a free trade area removes barries to the flow of goods and services smong themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders. The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States.
2. In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area?
Customs Union that goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. themselves. What are the characteristics of a comon market? Which organization remained a common market for some years in the past? Besides free movement of goods and services and adoption of common external trade policy, factors of production such as labor, capital and technology are free to move among members so that they can be utilized
in a more efficient and productive way. In the past, the European Community remained a common market for some years. How much do you know about an economic union? Can members of an economic union keep all of their national sovereignty? Economic union is characterized by integration of the domestic
policies of its members in respect of economy, finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external
policy and free production factor mobility. The member countries of an economic union are required to surrender some of their national sovereignty. Make a brief account of the origin and development of the EU. Its history dates back to the early post-war years. The first community, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in 1952 which set the stage for more ambitious integration efforts. The signing of the monumental Treaty of Rome in 1957 marks the establishment of the European Economic Community with the aim of gradually realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well as the harmonization of economic policies of the member countries. Ten years later in 1967, the European Community was formed by merging EEC, ECSC and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). 1992 was a landmark year in the development of the EC when it became a true common market as envisaged by the Single Eropean Act. Then on January 1, 1994 the European Union (EU) came into being on the strength of the Maastricht Treaty. What is the most powerful institution of the EU? What is the executive body of the EU? How does it operate? The most Powerful
institution of the EU is the Council of Ministers. It has the final say on all important matters. Decisions of the council are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size. Different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed. Its executive body is the European Commision composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23 departments in charge of different affairs. Explain
briefly the five layer organizational structure of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
1)The first is the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders held annually.
2)The second is the Dual-Ministerial Meeting attended by foreign ministers (excluding Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong) and ministers in charge of foreign trade.
3)The third is the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for Trade.
4)The fourth is the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement decisions by economic leaders and ministerial meetings.
5)The fifth layer refers to the four subordinate committees under SOM, i.e. Committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation
Subcommittee of SOM and Budget Management Committee.
8. What are the tenet and objectives of APEC? What is meant by its
two wheels?
APEC-Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation, its tenet and objectives
are ―inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading s ystem and reduction of regional trade barriers‖.
APEC co- operation concentrates on trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF) and economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH) that are commonly termed as ―the two wheels of Apec‖.
9. What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?
The nature of OPEC is a commodity cartel.
By assigning production quotas among its members, OPEC tried to
limit the overall crude oil supply of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices. Veto: right to reject or forbid something Detour: route that avoids a blocked road, deviation
Erode: wear away, eat into
Integration: combing into a whole
Liberalization: of trade, the act of government in lifting controls overimports and exports
Tariff: tax levied by the customs
Envisage: picture (an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine
Banknote: printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. The country’s central bank
Mobility: capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place
Barrier to trade: any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country 1. 过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要。
The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.
2. 最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于
1991年建立
的。
The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it was formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991.
3. 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，
而
且还应使用
同一的货币。
The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation,
government expenditure, industry policies, etc., but also use the same currency.
4. 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决
定，并监督各
成员国根据所制定的条约履行自已的义务。
European Commission is one of the administration institutions of European Union, it hands over the proposes to the council of Ministers
for dicision and oversees member countries to implement their
obligations according to the enacting clauses.
5. APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12
位成员国出
席，分别为澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。
APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries.
四、
1. What are the basic feature and major role of economic globalization?
With the basic feature of free flow of comodity, capital, technology, service, and information in the global context for optimized allocation, economic globalization giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive. It has become an objective trend in world economic development.
2. Mention some of the pros and cons of economic globalization. What is the right attitude
toward it?
Economic integration enables countries benefit from the boom of
other countries but also makes them more vulnerable to the adverse
events across the globe.
The best policy for us is to follow the trend closely, availing the opportunities it offers to develop ourselves and avoiding its poosible impacts.
3. What is the formal definition of a multinational enterprise? How can you tell whether a
multinational corporation is aparent or just an affiliate?
A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns (whether wholy or partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries.
If the MNC is the original investing corporation, it is known as the parent MNC, which is normally also the international headquarters of the MNE.
If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.
4. Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.
a. enormous size
b. wide geographical spread
c. longevity and rapid growth
5. What is the ecommonly recognized objective of MNEs?
Like most business organizations, MNEs are formed for profit.
6. Why is security so important to MNEs?
Profit is useless if it cannot be secured by the MNE and transfeeed wherever it so desires.
7. Do you think ―wide geographical spread‖ of MNEs plays a very important role in the
development of their business? Why?
a. enables them have a wide range of options in terms of decisions
in areas such as sourcing
and pricing.
b. More able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.
c. Enable MNEs to engage in worldwide integrated production and marketing giving rise to
extensive intra-MNE transactions which constitute a very significant proportion of total international trade.
8. What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries?
Host governments can and do wield power over MNCs located within
their territories. MNCs are under the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations, and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.
9. What are the four types of multinational enterprises? Describe each of them briefly.
a. multi-domestic corporation that is a group of relatively independent subsidiaries.
b. Global corporations which operates under an opposite principle from the first type and
views the world market as an integrated whole.
10. Are there many world companies at present? Imagine their future role in complete
globalization?
No, very few companies, if any, have reached this level of internationalization.
When such companies become dominating, the possiblility of conflicts among sovereign states may be greatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization. Revenue: the total annual income of a state
Decentralize: distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area
Nationalize: to bring under the control or ownership of a nation Input: something that is put in business operation
Welfare: well-being
Framework: organization structure
Facilities: something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service
Affiliate: a subsidiary company controlled by another
World company: a multinational whose national identity has been blurred
Assets: total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc. 1. 经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会，同时也使各经济体更加相互
依赖、
相互影响。
Economic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependentand interactive.
2. 跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。
Multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns, controls and manages assets in more than one country.
3. 许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处，但同进也有强烈的反对声音。
While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization, there are also loud voices of opposition.
4. 跨国公司的内部交换占整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例。
Intra-MNE transactions constitute a very significant proporttion of total international trade.
5. 尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，但重要决策，如有关公
司目标和新
投资等都由母公司来决定。
Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations maybe decentralized to the affiliates, the major decisions, such as those on
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
International Business English Lesson 1 International Business/国际商务 Business Knowledge: The major differences between international business and domestic business A.Differences in legal systems 法律体系 B.Differences in currencies 货币 C? Differences in cultural background D? Different in natural and economic conditions The major types of international business A.Trade https://www.doczj.com/doc/8516706800.html,modity trade 商品贸易 b? Service trade B.In vestment a.Foreign direct investment b.Portfolio investment 证券投资 C.Other types a. Licensing and franchising许可经营和特许经营 b? Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产 c.Turnkey project and BOT Trade Terms: 1.Customs iirea 关税区： 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade 有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for con sumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷 2011年5月 Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions:Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve heard. L/C is a written by a bank given to the exporter at the request of the importer to effect up to a stated sum of money within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents. L/C is the most generally used method of payment in the of international trade. It is reliable and safe because it gives protection to both the exporter and the importer. The exporter is assured of payment once he has shipped the goods as stipulated in the and the importer is assured of getting the right goods once he has made payment accordingly. Section B Directions: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. . 2. . 3. . 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共13页）
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 国际商务英语试卷（一） 课程代码：05844 I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1.International business 2.GDP 3.Free trade area 4.Multinational corporation 5.Specialization 6.specific duty 7.roll on roll off 8.EDI 9.article number 10.auction Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%） 11.返倾销 12.最惠国条款 13.贴现 14.充分就业 15.保兑信用证 16.零库存 17.代位，取代 18.保护主义 19.免除条款（豁免条款） 20.证券交易所 Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%） 21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary 22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern 23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles 24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government 25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordance with the law. 26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement 27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings 28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation of
绝密 考试结束前 全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题 课程代码:05844 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上三 注意事项: 1.答题前, 考生务必将自己的考试课程名称二姓名二准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上三 2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上, 不能答在试题卷上三Ⅰ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mE n g l i s h i n t oC h i n e s e :(10%)1.p r i m a r y c o mm o d i t i e s 2.e x c h a n g e r a t e f l u c t u a t i o n 3.i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y 4.e c o n o m i c c o n f l i c t 5.v o l u n t a r y e x p o r t r e s t r i c t i o n 6.m a r k e t f l o o r 7.c o u n t e r -v e i l i n g m e a s u r e s 8.c o n s u m p t i o n p r e f e r e n c e 9.b u l k g o o d s 10.E u r o p e a nP a r l i a m e n t Ⅱ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mC h i n e s e i n t oE n g l i s h :(10%)11.预付现金 12.报价 13.唛头 14.储备货币 15.并购16.长期资本 17.关税区 18.双边贸易
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
《国际商务英语》期中考试题 i. Put the following from English into Chinese or vice versa. 1. terms of payment 付款方法 6.预付运费Prepaid freight 2. enclosed please find 随函寄上7.报CIF伦敦价格Quote CIF London price 3. by separate post 另行邮寄8.即期信用证Sight L／C 4. profit margin 边际利润9. 以我方为受益人in our favor 5. quantity discounts 数量折扣10. 装船通知Shipping advice ii. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1.Your company has been introduced to us by the Bank of China as prospective buyers of electronic products. As we deal in the items, we shall be pleased to establish direct business relations with you. 中国银行向我们介绍贵公司是有希望的电子产品买主。由于我们经营该商品，我们很乐意与你建立直接的贸易关系。 2.In reply to your letter dated March 28, we enclose our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference. 兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录，供你方参考。 3.We are interested in your “Red Flower” Brand Varnish(清漆), but regret to say that your price is about 8% higher than that of other suppliers for similar quality products. 我们对你方的“红色的花”牌清漆(清漆)感兴趣,但很遗憾你方的价格高于其他供应商质量相同的产品价格8%左右。 iii. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1200打，即各种型号各400打。 If your prices are competitive,we are willing to place our first order for 1200 dozen,ie,400 dozen of each type. 2.我们的产品在世界市场上十分畅销，以其优良的品质和合理的价格而值得介绍。 Our products are popular in the world market, with its excellent quality and reasonable price worth introduction. 3.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 Please quote us your best CIF Shanghai price, indicating the earliest time of shipment. 4.最近对我们的山地自行车需求量很大，我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。 recently, mountain bike great demand for us, there is no guarantee that new orders on June 30 before delivery. 5.我们已决定委托你方在中国独家代理我方的玩具产品。 We've decided to entrust you with the sole agent of our toy products in China iv. Translate the following letter into English. XX 先生： 我们感谢你方1月2日的询盘，并高兴地获悉你方愿与我们建立贸易关系。按照要求，现向你方报盘如下，以你方答复于20XX年11月7日前到达此地为有效。 规格：蝴蝶牌浴巾(Turkish towel) NJ011 数量：20000打 价格：纽约到岸价含佣金5%，每打22美圆。 包装：每盒一打，每一纸板箱20盒。
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8516706800.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,
《国际商务英语》串讲 A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明 account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政 administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施 appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价 appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项） approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能 *arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合 assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价 asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席 audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作 意识；警觉awareness n. average n. 平均，平均水准 B n. 贿赂backhander n. backing 财务支持，赞助
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题 - Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese (10%) 1. income distribution of a market 2. set forth 3. clean credit光票信用证 4. equity investment 5. akin to 6. endowment of nature自然赋予 7. all risks一切险 8. non-trade settlement 9. standing committee 10. comparative advantage比较优势 Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English(10%) 11.自由贸易区free trade area 12. 进口税import duty 13. 开证银行opening bank 14. 中间产品 15. 对外直接投资foreign direct investment 16. 技术转让 17. 特别提款权 18. 制成品 19. 外汇短缺 20. 配额限制 Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right(10%) 21. productive a. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.
一、 What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business. 1. International business refers to transactions between parties from diffirent countries. There are four major diffrences between international business and domestic business: 1)differences in legal system 2)differences in currencies 3)differences in cutural background 4)differences in natural and economic conditions Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade? https://www.doczj.com/doc/8516706800.html,modity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade. Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? 3.Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Please elaborate on the two categoreis of international investment. What is their major difference? 4.Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market? 5.In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advanteges of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. What is franchising? How is it different from licensing? 6.Under franchising, a fim, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee. What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable? 7.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volum. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.. What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?
国2011年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案 课程代码：05844 Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese. (10%) 1. in a detour 迂回 2. competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 3. consignor 寄售人 4. customer mobility 客户流动性 5. escape clauses 豁免条款 6. share holders 股东 7. potential loss 潜在损失 8. carrying vessel 运载船只 9. negligent 粗心大意 10. specific duty 从量税 Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English. (10%) 11.债权国 The credit country 12.国际合同 International contract 13.定期付款/分阶段付款 Term payment 14.被保险人 The insured 15.人口计划 The population plan 16.特惠税 The preferential duty 17.基础设施项目 Infrastructure construction project 18.装箱单 Shipping list 19.破产 Disrupted 20.土地和劳动力 Land and labor force Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. (10%) 21. facilities( d )a. the price or cost of transportation 22. premises( g ) b. easily to go bad 23. middleman( f ) c. not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon