教师辅导讲义 年 级： 高一 课时数： 3 辅导科目： 英语 课 题
Unit. Body language 基础知识梳理
教学目的
复习Unit1重要知识点，全面掌握文章内容及重要考点。
教学内容
学生信息介绍：本次讲义适合全部学生。（对于基础一般的学生，老师需要把知识点进行详细讲解和拓展，对于英语成绩优秀的学生，只要稍加复习、总结即可。）
Step1：Greetings & Free talk
1、 Self -introduction ( name 、school 、hobbies 、characteristic 、favourite stars 、etc.)
2、 Interest in English
Step2：Warming up
巧记单词“看”(本单元中有单词glance ,由此联想到许多跟“看”相关的英语单词，注意：除了watch, observe 之外其他都跟介词at 搭配)
Step3：Unit1课文重点词汇梳理 （对于基础较弱的学生，教师可以详细分析词汇，对于程度很好的学生，教师只需选择
1．glance V ．瞥一眼；匆匆看一眼 glance at
She glanced at the watch and hurried to the office ．她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。
【拓展】：n ．一瞥；扫视
at a glance 一眼就…
He saw at a glance that she had been crying ．他一眼就看出来她哭过了。
2．senior adj ．年长的；级别高的
be senior to 比…年长(级别或地位高)
She is three years senior to me ．她比我大三岁。
【拓展】：n ．较年长者；<美>(中学)最高年级的学生
observe 观察
peep at 窥视 glare at 怒视
gaze at 凝视 stare at 凝视 watch 注视 look at 看
glance at 瞥
3．prefer V．宁可；更喜欢
prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B
prefer tea to coffee．比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。
prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做A
I prefer playing basketball to watching TV．比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球。
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿……而不…
He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one．他宁愿租一辆车也不愿意买一辆。
4．communicate V．交流；沟通
communicate with与……交流
communicate to传达；传递
Anyone that knows anything about the crime is required to communicate with the police．任何知情人都被要求和警方联系。The stove communicates heat to every corner in the room．炉子将热量传递到房间里的每一个角落。
【拓展】：
①communication n. 传达；传递
Sometimes proper body language is an effective means of communication.
有时候，适当的肢体语言是一种有效的交流方式。
② communications n. 通讯
They are planning to establish wireless communications with us.
他们正计划与我们建立无线通讯。
5. impression n. 印象
give/make/leave a ... impression on somebody 给某人留下…的印象
The modern city left a good impression on the tourists.
这座现代化的城市给游客们留下了美好的印象。
【拓展】：
impress v. 给…极深的印象
impress somebody with something 用…给某人留下深刻的印象
impress something on somebody 使意识到（重要性或严重性）
impress on somebody something 使某人牢记…
The girl impressed me with her kindness. 这个女孩的和善给我留下了深刻的印象。
The English teacher impressed on the students the importance of practising speaking English every day. 老师使学生们牢记每天操练英语口语的重要性。
impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；令人难忘的
The royal wedding was very impressive. 这次皇家婚礼给人们留下了深刻的印象。
6.remind v. 提醒；使…想起
remind somebody of something 使…想起
The children playing in the park reminded the old man of his happy childhood.
公园里嬉戏的孩子让老人们想起来自己欢乐的童年。
【拓展】：
remind somebody to do something 提醒某人做某事
remind somebody that …提醒某人…
? Please remind me to take medicine tomorrow morning. 明早请提醒我吃药。
? The sight of the clock reminded me that I had been late for the meeting. 一看到钟，我就意识到开会迟到了。
place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
61. What is true about children when they play games?
A. They can stop playing any time they like.
B. They can test their personal abilities.
C. They want to pick up a better team.
D. They don't need rules.
62. To become a leader in a game, the child has to ___________.
A. play well
B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself
D. be popular among his playmates
63. What do we know about grown-ups?
A. They are not interested in games.
B. They find children's games too easy.
C. They don't need a reason to play games.
D. They don't understand children's games.
64. Why does a child like playing games?
A. Because he can be someone other than himself.
B. Because he can become popular among friends.
C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
B.Translation
1. 我宁可步行上学也不愿意乘这么拥挤的公共汽车。 (prefer)
2. 从某种意义上说，我们的行为反映了我们的生活方式。 (the way)
3. 他的行为给老师留下了很坏的印象。(impression)
4. 这张旧照片使我想起了在英国的那段日子。(remind... of)
5. 我想找个有更多机会与人打交道的工作。 (communicate with)
6.约翰比史密斯年长几岁。 (senior to)
7.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。(concentrate on)
8.中国在维护世界和平中起着重要的作用。(maintain)
***************************************************************************************************** Keys:
Reading Comprehension
50.A 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.D 56.D 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.B 61.A 62.B 63.B 64.A
Translation
I．I prefer to go to school on foot rather than take such a crowded bus.
2. In some ways, the way we behave reflects the way we live.
最新人教版高一下册英语教案 （一） Teaching Aims and Demands Words and Phrases Four Skills: stomach fever ought ought to examine plenty plenty of diet keep up with make a right choice short of fit gain now and then Three Skills: energy soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture Spoken English: In the clinic / seeing a doctor: What’s wrong with you?/What’s the matter with you? Lie down and let me examine you. Let me have a look. Where does it hurt? Drink plenty of water and get some rest. I’ve got a pain here. This place hurts. There’s something wrong with back/my knee/my arm. I don’t feel well. Grammar:
Use of Language: 1. Master the function use of language as defined above. 2. Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have learned. Learn the text about healthy eating. Get the students know about the basic knowledge of how to eat healthily. Important points: 1. Talk about different kinds of food that one favorites. 2. learn the basic knowledge of healthy eating. 3. learn how to say in the clinic. 4. Grasp the language points and grammar in the text. Difficult points: The use of modal verbs --- had better, should and ought to. Teaching aids: computer or slider-projector Way of Teaching: Communication way of teaching, discussion and group work. Lesson 1Step 1 Warming-Up First show the students some pictures of dishes and so to introduce the topic of this unit. And then show the pictures on their text books and let them to decide what is junk food and what is not.
高中教材文言文基础知识梳理 必修1 烛之武退秦师 一、通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(____同____) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(____通____，________________) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(____通____) 4.失其所与，不知(____通____) 答案 1.已矣 2.共供供给 3.说悦 4.知智 二、古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 ．．． 古义： 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李 ．．之往来，共其乏困 古义： 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人 ．．之力不及此 古义： 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 答案 1.东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。2.出使的人。
3.那人，指秦穆公。 三、一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此() ②微闻有鼠作作索索() ③各微侧，其两膝相比者() ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫() ⑤微风鼓浪() 答案①如果没有②暗暗地③稍微，略微④低贱，卑下⑤微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退() ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻() ③徐公不若君之美也() ④若入前为寿() ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若() 答案①假如②好像③及，比得上④第二人称代词，你⑤形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕() ②杂然相许()
③问渠那得清如许() ④潭中鱼可百许头() ⑤先生不知何许人也() 答案①答应，允许②赞许，赞同③这样，这般 ④表示大约的数量⑤处所，地方 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远() ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富() ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也() ④鄙人不知忌讳() ⑤孔子鄙其小器() 答案①把……当做边邑②边界地方③庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗④鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞⑤轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋() ②敢以烦执事() ③越国以鄙远() ④若舍郑以为东道主() ⑤以勇气闻于诸侯() ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众() ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望()
人教版高中语文（必修一）复习 【必修■第■单元诗歌却识复习】 一、根据拼音写出汉字。 qin (_）园春分mi(）百聽（）zheng (）睞寥kud () 万户hou () 挥斥方qili (_)man ()江man( )骂xie (）來浪。（）飞舟漪lUn () pang (）徨寂1i do () 惆chang ()凄wan () 颓pY ()青xlng ( ) 浮z6o () 长gao (）hao 草（）枯gao() 斑ldn () 流ldn() sheng (） 箫青tai () 漫sti ( )M ji() 火bo ()niD ( )怩 麦zao () 发j iao() dtin ()肉团Ji() 凌wO (_ )chi（_）骂跌n cha （_）_ dud(）手qiong ()音春wG ()窗fei () 彳chu() 雾诚)和di () 二、辨析下列汉字的字形 沁香分泌谩骂漫江惆怅苍茫沧桑阻遏碣石彷徨惶然稠密 惋惜哀婉颓圮祭祀沉淀纸锭绽放彷徨牌坊惆怅为虎作偎丝绸无耻澜言斑斓波澜朔风追溯挑衅河畔碾碎辗转杞人忧天堤堰握苗助长偃旗息鼓凌侮陵墓棱角忸怩纽扣枢纽心扉雨書駆駆 三、掌握下面词语的词义 峥喋：天伦： 挥斥方遒：颓圮： 激扬：瓦菲： 彷徨：凌侮： 典押： 四、近义词辨析 1、寥廓：（天空）高原空旷。辽阔：（土地海洋等）辽远广阔。 2、意气：意志和气概，志趣和性格。也指因主观偏激而产生的情绪，如意气用事、意气相投。 义气：山于私人关系而甘于承担风险或牺牲自己利益的气概。如讲义气。 3、遏制：制止，控制（一般只能是一定程度上的效果）。遏止：用力阻止住。 例如：（）不住胸中的怒火。滚滚洪流，不可（）。（）对方的攻势。 9?沉淀：指沉到溶液底层的难以溶解的物质，比喻凝聚，积累。积淀：指长时间积累起來的习俗、文化。 5、彷徨：犹疑不决的走來走去。倘佯：自山自在地走來走去。 6、养育：抚养和教育。养活：供给东两使生活。 五、文学常识 诗歌：古代文学体裁之一，起源于古代劳动。《》是我国第一部诗歌总集,开创了我国诗歌 ______________ 的源头。战国时期出现的楚辞体代表作《》开创了我国诗歌 _________ 的先河。以“五四”新文化运动为界，诗歌 分为新体诗和。"五四”以前的诗歌统称为，其屮旧体诗乂以唐代为界分为古体诗和。唐代以前的诗歌统称为古体诗，近体诗从唐代才开始兴起。古体诗和近体诗的主要区别在__________________________________________ 方面——即能否押韵、讲究平仄、对仗。近体诗又分为 ________ 绝句和排律。律诗都是_________ 的，冇七言律诗和 ________ :绝句都是__________ 的，冇七言绝句和五言绝句。五四以后兴起的新体诗也冇格律诗和自山诗之分，其中用IU格律填写新内容的称为格律诗，像毛泽东的《沁园春?长沙》；其它的称为自山诗，像徐志摩的《再别康桥》、戴里舒的《南巷》和艾青的《大堰荷一一我的保姆》等。 词：是诗歌的一种。词的全名为___________ ，是与曲调相谐利的唱词。词起源于隋唐Z际，隋代已冇声腔，曲调， 但不见曲子词。到了唐五代开始出现发间曲子，也就是有了乐谱后而按谱写词，名为曲子词，后简称为词。现存最早的民间曲子词是在敦煌莫高窟藏经室中发现的敦煌曲子词。现存最早的文人词是李口的《忆秦娥》和《菩萨蛮》。因 而李白被尊为“百代词曲之祖”。词发展于五代，到了宋代发展到顶峰。根据风格特点，词有________________ 和 ______ Z分；按照字数，词有小令、 ________ 和 ______ 之分。 戴望舒（1905——1950）,浙江杭县人，中国现代著名诗人。1925年入上海震旦大学学习法文，开始受到法国象
高一数学必修一的知识点总结介绍 一：集合的含义与表示 1、集合的含义：集合为一些确定的、不同的东西的全体，人们 能意识到这些东西，并且能判断一个给定的东西是否属于这个整体。 把研究对象统称为元素，把一些元素组成的总体叫集合，简称为集。 2、集合的中元素的三个特性： (1)元素的确定性：集合确定，则一元素是否属于这个集合是确 定的：属于或不属于。 (2)元素的互异性：一个给定集合中的元素是唯一的，不可重复的。 (3)元素的无序性:集合中元素的位置是可以改变的，并且改变位置不影响集合 3、集合的表示：{…} (1)用大写字母表示集合：A={我校的篮球队员},B={1,2,3,4,5} (2)集合的表示方法：列举法与描述法。 a、列举法：将集合中的元素一一列举出来{a,b,c……} b、描述法： ①区间法：将集合中元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号内表示集合。 {x?R|x-3>2},{x|x-3>2} ②语言描述法：例：{不是直角三角形的三角形} ③Venn图:画出一条封闭的曲线，曲线里面表示集合。
4、集合的分类： (1)有限集：含有有限个元素的集合 (2)无限集：含有无限个元素的集合 (3)空集：不含任何元素的集合 5、元素与集合的关系： (1)元素在集合里，则元素属于集合，即：a?A (2)元素不在集合里，则元素不属于集合，即：a￠A 注意：常用数集及其记法： 非负整数集(即自然数集)记作：N 正整数集N*或N+ 整数集Z 有理数集Q 实数集R 6、集合间的基本关系 (1).“包含”关系(1)—子集 定义：如果集合A的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素，我们说这两个集合有包含关系，称集合A是集合B的子集。 7、集合的运算 二、函数的概念 函数的概念：设A、B是非空的数集，如果按照某个确定的对应关系f，使对于集合A中的任意一个数x，在集合B中都有唯一确定的数f(x)和它对应，那么就称f：A---B为从集合A到集合B的一个函数.记作：y=f(x)，x∈A. (1)其中，x叫做自变量，x的取值范围A叫做函数的定义域;
必修一重要知识清单 1、生命活动离不开细胞：细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。 ①病毒：由蛋白质和核酸构成的；生活方式：只能寄生在活细胞中才能生存，单独存在时无法生存； 遗传物质是DNA或RNA；繁殖方式是增殖 ②单细胞生物：只有一个细胞，可独立进行摄食、运动、繁殖等生命活动；如：细菌、蓝藻、酵母菌、 霉菌、草履虫、变形虫等 ③多细胞生物：生长、发育、反射、生殖等生命活动也要靠多个细胞共同完成。 2、生命系统的结构层次：细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群_→群落→生态系统→生物圈 ①病毒：不属于（属于、不属于）生命活动的结构层次； ②单细胞生物：属于细胞或个体层次，并参与构建种群、群落、生态系统； ③多细胞生物：植物没有系统层次； 动物包含细胞、组织、器官、系统、个体结构层次； 3、细胞的多样性与统一性：结构差异体现了多样性；相同结构体现了统一性。 ①原核细胞：其结构包括细胞膜、细胞质、核糖体、拟核等；无核膜包被的细胞核；其 DNA是裸露的，分布在拟核和细胞质基质。 细菌：同化类型大多为异养型，个别为自养型，如硝化、光合细菌； 蓝藻：同化类型属于自养型，举例：衣藻、发菜、念珠藻、蓝球藻等； （某些原核细胞能进行光合作用的原因是：_具有光和作用相关色素及酶_） ②真核细胞：有核膜包被的细胞核，核DNA与蛋白质结合构成染色体；有多种细胞器；植物 细胞有细胞壁；（植物细胞的细胞壁与原核细胞的一样吗？） 4、细胞学说：建立者施耐登和施旺 意义：通过对动植物细胞的研究而揭示了细胞统一性和生物体结构统一性_ 内容：（1）细胞是一个有机体，一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物_所构成 （2）细胞是一个_相对独立_的单位，既有它自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命起作用
高一英语必修4 Unit 1基础知识测试题 姓名____________ 座号__________班级__________ 成绩：____________ 一. 根据句意及所给单词或汉语提示，写出所缺词的正确形式。(每空1分，满分10分) 1. She spoke in ____________ of the project.（支持) 2. The police man began a __________ to reduce road accidents. (运动) 3. He tried to ___________his house with thick trees.（挡住光线） 4. She ___________ to the subject several times during her speech. (谈到) 5.I'm not going to ___________ with you tonight. (争论) 6. His recent ___________ puzzles me. (behave) 7. Since her ___________ she had wanted to work with animals in the forest. (child) 8. The educated professor is____________. (respect) 9. What made her succeed later on was the ___________ (kind) and _____________ (considerate) she showed to all her patients. 二．完成句子。（每空1分，满分15分） 1. He left America and prepared to_____ _____ _____ ______ 。(过新生活) 2. We've just ______ _______ an old friend.（偶遇） 3. We should not _______ _______ _______ manual labor.（瞧不起） 4. The chair _______ _________ ________ you, but she took it away. (为……准备) 5. Many uncomfortable thoughts _______ ________ _______ on her. (涌上心头) 三．单项填空。（每小题1分，满分10分） （）1.Only in this way ______ learn English well． A．I can B．can I C．I do D．do I （）2. Bitten twice，the postman refused to ______our letters unless we changed our dog． A. deliver B. inspire C. behave D. intend （）3. Some of the students have already learned enough English to __________ a conversation with a native English speaker. A．carry on B．keep on C．go on D. hold on （）4.We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didn’t quite __________. A．find out B．give out C．hand out D. work out （）5. Lucy has ________all of the goals she set for herself in high school. A．acquired B．finished C．concluded D. achieved （）6. Teachers should be __________ of our students’ feelings. And then they will trust us. A．anxious B．considerate C．delighted D．afraid （）7. Suddenly it ______ me how difficult it was for women to get medical training at that time. A．hit B．knocked C．occurred D. beat
高一上知识归纳（U18） 1．run vi．(物)延伸，扩展；(事情)继续。 [举例](1) The road runs along the river. 那条道路沿着河流延伸。 (2) The ivy runs along the hedge. 常春藤沿着篱笆攀爬。 (3) The musical play has been running for five years. 那出音乐剧已经连续演了五年。 [搭配] run across 偶然遇见；跑过 run after 追求，追逐 run against与……相撞 run at 向……冲去 run away 逃跑，跑 run back to 追溯到 run out of 用完 run up to (数目)达到…… 2．be made up of 由．．．．组成 [举例] Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班由六个小组组成。 [比较] be made up of / be made with / be made out of / be made into (1) be made with指制成品中包含的某种原材料，是“由……做成的”的意思。 A fruit cake is made with fruit. 水果蛋糕是用水果制成的。 (2) be made out of 指做成整个成品的材料，多用于口语，意思和be made of／ from差不多，只是语气强一些。 The shirt is made out of the material. 这衬衫是用这种料子做成的。 (3) be made into是指“某种原料制成某种成品”。 Wool has been made into sweaters. 羊毛已做成羊毛衫了。 3．Surround vt．包围、环绕 [用法]surround指一物四周被另一物围绕或完全覆盖；也可指人(尤指土兵或警察)包围一个地方。 [举例](1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房屋四周围着高墙。 (2) The whole cake is surrounded by a thick coat of jelly. 整个蛋糕覆盖着一层厚厚的果冻。 (3) The village was surrounded by troops.村庄被部队包围了。 (4) They have surrounded the town with troops. 他们动用部队包围了这座城镇。 4．same adj．同一的，同样的 [搭配] the same.., as 与……一样the same.., that 是……同一个 at the same time 同时 all the same 尽管，如此，仍然[举例](1)We are the same age. 我们同岁。 (2)Let's meet at the same place as yesterday. 我们在跟昨天一样的地方见面。 (3)That jacket is the same as mine. 那上衣与我的一样。 (4)This is the same pen that I lost. 这正是我遗失的那支钢笔。 (5)They began to laugh at the same time. 他们同时笑了起来。 (6)He has faults, but I like him all the same. 他有缺点，然而我还是喜欢他。 5．be famous for以……闻名 [举例] He is famous for his fine acting.他以演技精湛著称。 China has been famous for its silk trade.中国以丝绸贸易著称。 [比较] be famous for／be famous as， be famous as表示“以……身份闻名”，be famous for是“以……而著名”。
必修一文言文基础知识梳理 烛之武退秦师 一、指出下列句中的通假字并解释 1．今老矣，无能为也已通“”，释义： 1.已，同“矣”，了。 2．行李之往来，共其乏困通“”，释义： 2.共，通“供”，供给。 3．夫晋，何厌之有通“”，释义： 3.厌，通“餍”，知足，满足。 4．秦伯说，与郑人盟通“”，释义： 4.说，通“悦”，高兴。 5．失其所与，不知通“”，释义： 5.知，通“智”，明智。
二、一词多义 1、贰 ①以其无礼于晋，且贰．于楚也 ②不迁怒，不贰．过 1、贰：①从属二主；②再，重复。 2、鄙 ①蜀之鄙．有二僧 ②越国以鄙．远，君知其难也 ③肉食者鄙．，未能远谋 ④我皆有礼，夫犹鄙．我 2、鄙：①边邑，边远的地方；②把……作为边邑；③庸俗，鄙陋；④轻视，看不起。 3、许 ①许．君焦、瑕，朝济而夕设版焉 ②杂然相许． ③潭中鱼可百许．头
④先生不知何许．人也 3、许：①答应，听从；②赞同；③约数； ④表处所，地方。 4、微 ①微．夫人之力不及此 ②参如微．时，与萧何善 ③微．言大义 ④见微．知著 ⑤国势衰微． 4、微：①假如没有；②卑贱；③幽微，精妙；④隐蔽，不显露；⑤衰败。 5、敝 ①因人之力而敝．之 ②曹操之众，远来疲敝． ③使史更敝．衣草 5、敝：①损害，衰败；②敝：疲惫；③屦
坏，破旧。 6、焉 ①焉．用亡郑以陪邻 ②若不阙秦，将焉．取之 ③子亦有不利焉． ④朝济而夕设版焉． 6、焉：①何，为什么；②哪里；③语气助词，如“啊”；④兼词，“于之”，在那里。 7、以 ①以．其无礼于晋②敢以．烦执事③越国以．鄙远④焉用亡郑以．陪邻⑤若舍郑以．为东道主⑥以．乱易整⑦阙秦以．利晋 7、以：①连词，因为；②介词，拿，来； ③连词，表顺承；④连词，表顺承；⑤介词，把；⑥介词，用；⑦连词，用来。 8、而
高中生物必修一基础知识总结 一、病毒： 病毒没有细胞结构，由核酸和蛋白质组成，只有依赖活细胞才能生活。 病毒只有一种核酸：DNA或RNA，有DNA病毒、RNA病毒和逆转录病毒之分。病毒还可分为动物病毒（如乙肝病毒）、植物病毒（如烟草花叶病毒）和细菌病毒（如噬菌体）。 二、生命活动离不开细胞的三点表现： 1、病毒没有细胞结构，只有依赖活细胞才能生活。 2、单细胞生物单个细胞就能完成各种生命活动（如草履虫、变形虫等）。 3、多细胞生物依赖各种分化的细胞密切合作，共同完成一系列复杂的生命活动。 三、生命系统的结构层次 细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈 种群：一定区域内，同种生物的所有个体的总和。 群落：一定区域内，所有生物个体的总和（或：一定区域内所有种群的总和）。生态系统：生物群落及其无机环境相互作用的统一整体。 四、原核细胞和原核生物 根据核膜的有无，细胞可分为原核细胞和真核细胞两大类。 原核细胞有细菌、蓝藻、放线菌、衣原体、支原体等。 细菌和蓝藻（也叫蓝细菌）属原核生物。 细菌有球形、杆（梭）形、螺旋形三种，少数呈弧形，可依次统称为∽球菌、∽杆（梭）菌、∽螺旋菌、∽弧菌。 细菌有细胞壁（但其成分不是纤维素和果胶！）、核糖体、环状DNA,但无染色体。有的细菌有鞭毛，有的细菌有荚膜，有的细菌在不良环境中能形成芽孢。 细菌以二分裂方式增加数目。 营腐生生活的细菌是分解者，营寄生生活的细菌是消费者，硝化细菌是生产者。蓝藻是一个生物类群，包括蓝球藻、念珠藻、颤藻、发菜等。 蓝藻细胞内含有藻蓝素和叶绿素，能进行光合作用，属于自养生物。
五、细胞学说 建立者：施莱登和施旺。 要点：1、细胞是一个有机体，一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物所构成。 2、细胞是一个相对独立的单位，既有它自己的生命，又对与其它细胞的共同组成的整体的生命起作用。 3、新细胞可以从老细胞中产生。 建立过程：（重要事件） 1、1543年，比利时的维萨里发表巨著?人体构造?，揭示了人体在器官水平的结构。 2、法国的比夏指出器官由组织构成。 3、1665年，英国的虎克发现细胞。 4、18世纪，德国的施莱登和施旺提出细胞是构成动植物体的基本单位。 5、1858年德国的魏尔肖指出细胞通过分裂产生细胞。 六、细胞中的元素 大量元素：C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg(9种) 微量元素：Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Cu、Mo（6种） 占人体细胞鲜重百分比前四位的元素：O、C、H、N 占人体细胞干重百分比前四位的元素：C、O、N、H 七、细胞中的化合物 无机物：水、无机盐 有机物：糖类、脂质、蛋白质、核酸 按鲜重百分比从大到小排序：水、蛋白质、脂质、无机盐（糖类和核酸） 占细胞干重百分比最大的化合物：蛋白质。 八、蛋白质 组成元素：C、H、O、N、(S、Fe少) 基本单位：氨基酸 氨基酸分子结构共同点： 1、至少都含有一个氨基和一个羧基。
高中英语基础知识试题 一、单选题（10×1’） 1.It is known to all that _______ are _______ useful invention in our daily life. A. watchs ; a B. watches ; a C. watchs ; an D. watches ; an 2.We had ______ the two solutions and we ______ the first one. A. tryed ; prefered B. tried ; prefered C. tried ; preferred D. tryed ; preferred 3. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. A. have offered B. has offered C. are offered D. is offered 4.She got a lot of birthday presents, and one of _______ was from her grandpa. A. them B. whom C. which D. that 5.Your bike requires ________. A. repair B. repairing C. to repair D. being repaired 6.---Guess what, we’re leaving for the Europe this time next summer. ---How nice! You _______ a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced 7.It was his words _______ disappointed me. A. what B. which C. as D. that 8.He was listened ________ an English song just now. A. sing B. to sing C. to to sing D. singing 9.She was so angry at ______ he was doing ________ she walked out. A. that ; that B. what ; that C. what ; as D. that ; which 10.You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you _____ so tired. A. drove;didn’t get B. drove;wouldn’t get C. were driving;wouldn’t get D. had driven;wouldn’t have got 二、阅读理解（10×2’） A Mr. Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “If anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea.” “Ok, dad”, said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, so he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it now and then. Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no use for him, so he burnt it that evening. The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, “Where is your father?” The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He couldn’t find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, “no more.” The man was very surprised. He asked, “No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?” “Burnt yesterday evening.” 1.Mr. Brown told his son that ____________. A. he would be away from home for four days B. he would be back in seven days C. he would be back in a month D. he liked a cup of tea 2. A man came to visit the boy’s father on ___________. A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day 3.What was burnt? _________. A. The piece of paper B. Mr. Brown C. The visitor D. The boy B A famous doctor once received a little child who was badly ill. Thanks to his skill and care, his young patient got well and was soon able to get up and run about again. The child’s mother was very grateful to the doctor, and she called on him to thank him for what he had done for her child. “Doctor,” she said, “You’ve saved my little son. I don’t know how to thank you enough. I feel that money alone cannot repay you, so I have made this little purse with my own hands, as a sign of my gratitude. I hope you
人教版高一下册英语教案 人教版高一下册英语教案（一） Teaching Aims and Demands Words and PhrasesFour Skills: stomach fever ought ought to examine plenty plenty of diet keep up with make a right choice short of fit gain now and then Three Skills: energy soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture Spoken English: In the clinic / seeing a doctor: What’s wrong with you?/What’s the matter with you? Lie down and let me examine you. Let me have a look. Where does it hurt? Drink plenty of water and get some rest. I’ve got a pain here. This place hurts. There’s something wrong with back/my knee/my arm. I don’t feel well. Grammar: Use of Language: 1. Master the function use of language as defined above. 2. Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have
烛之武退秦师备课基础知识一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此 如果没有 ②微闻有鼠作作索索 暗暗地 ③各微侧，其两膝相比者 稍微，略微 ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫 低贱，卑下 ⑤微风鼓浪 微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退 假如 ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻 好像 ③徐公不若君之美也 及，比得上 ④若入前为寿 第二人称代词，你 ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若 形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕 答应，允许
赞许，赞同 ③问渠那得清如许 这样，这般 ④潭中鱼可百许头 表示大约的数量 ⑤先生不知何许人也 处所，地方答案 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远 把……当做边邑 ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富边界地方 ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗 ④鄙人不知忌讳 鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞 ⑤孔子鄙其小器 轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋 介词，因为 ②敢以烦执事 介词，拿，用 ③越国以鄙远 连词，表顺承 ④若舍郑以为东道主
⑤以勇气闻于诸侯 介词，凭借 ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众 连词，表并列 ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望 连词，表目的，来 ⑧木欣欣以向荣 连词，表修饰关系 ⑨皆以美于徐公 动词，认为 通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(已同矣) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(共通供，供给) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(说通悦) 4.失其所与，不知(知通智) 古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 古义：东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李之往来，共其乏困 古义：出使的人。 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人之力不及此 古义：那人，指秦穆公。 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 词类活用
高中语文必修一基础知识复习 一、根据拼音写出汉字。 第一单元 q ìn （沁）园春 分m ì(泌) màn（漫）江 m àn (谩)骂 百g ě（舸） 寥ku ò（廓） xié（携 ）来 zh ēng （峥）嵘 挥斥方qi ú（遒） 万户h óu( 侯 ) 浪è（遏）飞舟 páng（彷）徨 寂liáo（寥） 彳chù(亍) 惆ch àng（怅） 凄w ǎn （婉） 颓pǐ（圮） 青x ìng （荇） 浮z ǎo（藻） 漫sù（溯 ） 长gāo（篙） h āo 草 (蒿 ) 枯g ǎo (槁 ) 斑l án（斓） sh ēng （笙）箫 青tāi（苔 ） 荆jí（棘） 火bō（钵） ni ǔ（忸）怩麦z āo（糟） 发jiào (酵 ) dùn (炖) 肉 团jī(箕) 凌w ǔ（侮 ） ch ì（叱）骂 踟chú(蹰 ) 第三单元 li áo （寥）落 长歌d àng(当)哭 fěi (菲)薄 桀ào (骜) di é（喋）血 立P ū（仆） 风尘p úp ú（仆仆） l ìn(赁)屋 àn(黯)然 è（噩）耗 尸h ái （骸） chu āng(创)伤 浸z ì(渍) g àn （干）练 zh ǎn(辗)转 y ǔn (殒)身不x ù (恤) 作y ī (揖) t ǎng(倘)使 解p ōu (剖) 步l ǚ(履) 谦x ùn (逊) ji ǒng(迥)乎不同 b ǐng(屏)息 叱zh à(咤)风云 ch à(诧)异 l ì(莅)临 第四单元 紫j īng (荆) 花 易zh ì (帜) 停b ó (泊) 超z ài (载) 登z ǎi (载) m ēng 骗(蒙) m ěng 古 (蒙) 婆su ō (娑) è梦(噩) x ī(嬉)笑 zhu àn 写(撰) ch ú菊(雏) zh ì息(窒) 绿树成y īn （阴） b ō夺(剥) b āo(剥)果皮 夏y ǎn (衍) l òng 堂(弄) 游shu ì (说) q ì据(契) ǎo 断(拗) ào 口(拗) 执ni ù (拗) d ìng(锭)壳 h ǒng 骗(哄) 起h òng (哄) 气h ōngh ōng (哄洪) ru ò（偌）大 污mi è(蔑) chu ǎi 测(揣) chu āi(揣)着 挣chu ài (揣) y ì年(翌) h éng(横)亘 h èng(横)财 酝ni àng (酿) zu ō(作)坊 一鼓zu ò气(作) 二、辨析下列汉字的字形 第一单元 沁香 分泌 谩骂 漫江 惆怅 为虎作伥 苍茫 沧桑 阻遏 碣石 彷徨 惶然 惋惜 哀婉 颓圮 杞人忧天 祭祀 沉淀 纸锭 绽放 彷徨 牌坊 惆怅 稠密 丝绸 无耻谰言 斑斓 波澜 朔风 追溯 挑衅 河畔 碾碎 辗转 堤堰 揠苗助长 偃旗息鼓 凌侮 陵墓 棱角 忸怩 纽扣 枢纽 心扉 雨雪霏霏 第三单元 ???捍卫精悍 ???陨石 殒身不恤 ???邮戳屠戮 ???翻译演绎 ???赡养瞻仰 ???暴躁枯燥 ?????姹紫嫣红叱 咤诧 异 ?????编辑缉拿作揖 ?????赡养瞻仰屋檐 ?????屐 齿如弃敝屣步 履???????箪食壶浆殚精竭虑肆无忌惮弹冠相庆 ???????间谍 通牒影碟喋血 第四单元 撤离 车辙 清澈 步履 木屐 废墟 嘘寒问暖 谄媚 陷阱 循着 遁世 黯然 谙熟
Unit 1 Friendship 知识点总结： 1.add up 合计，把…加起来 add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添 add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. If you add three to four, you get seven. Add three to four and you get seven. Three added to four is seven. add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） Eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 词组辨析： 1). The time I spend in commuting every day _________ two and a half hours. 2). Colorful balloons can _____ the festival atmosphere. 3). To make sure the result was correct，she ________ the figures again and again. 高考链接： There have been several new events to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 2.Your friend comes to school very upset. upset 此处为adj. 做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。 Eg. He went to bed cold and hungry. She got married young. The room was found empty. ▲ upset的用法： (1). adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语） 搭配：be upset about sth. 为某事烦心be upset that… 心烦 eg. She was really upset about losing the money. I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. (2). vt. 使不安，使心烦(upset, upset) Eg. Don’t upset yourself about it. The bad news upset the boy’s mother. 3.calm down vt./vi. （使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来 eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down. He took a deep breath to calm himself down. ▲calm adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的 eg. Keep calm. After the storm, it became calm again. ▲adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析： calm 平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动） quiet 安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑） still 静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态） silent 沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话） 【一言辨异】When facing danger, you should keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet; in class, you shouldn’t keep silent about the teacher’s questions. 4.have got to 不得不，必须= have to eg. I have got to go to a meeting. Have you got to go now? He hasn’t got to come tomorrow. 【说明】: have got to 很少用于过去时态。 have to 可用于各种时态，而且可与情态动词，助动词连用。 have to 强调客观需要“不得不”; must 强调主观愿望“必须” 5. concern （1）vt. (使)担忧，涉及，关系到 eg. She concerns herself about her son’s future. The news concerns your brother. ▲concern 做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。搭配： ①be concerned about/for sth. 为… 担心，关心，关注，挂念