Unitl基础知识巩固练习
i.英译汉
______ （复数）2. suffer _______ （过去式）____________ （名词）
4. upset ____ （过去式，过去分词）______ （副词）6. settle _____ （名词）
7. shut _____ （过去式，过去分词）8. disagree _____ （名词）9. dusty _______ （名词）10. outdoors ______ （形容词）
1. You should not i ______ y our mistakes if you want to make great progress.
situatio n is e ________ （完全）differe nt.
's in hospital, ______ （'恢复）from a heart attack.
4. He didn ' t pass the exam, so she looked very u __________ .
5. There is a lot of air in the ________ （松的）sno w. It can keep you warm.
6. Seafood always d ____ w ith me. I mean, seafood always makes me sick.
is _____ （确切）the kind of work I ' ve been looking for.
8. It's very wi ndy and ______ （灰尘的）here in wi nter.
9. His warm clothes were packed into two _______ （手提箱）.
10. Please don't be ________ （担心）about me.
iv. —空一词（短语练习）「
1. After we fini shed our dinners last ni ght, he came back home.
He didn ' t come back home _________ w e finished our dinner last night.
2. It so happe ned that I met her while I was hav ing dinner at the restaura nt.
I happe ned _____ ________ her while ______ d inner at the restaura nt.
3. He told me that he had n ever come to Beiji ng before whe n we visited the Great Wall together.
He told me that __________________ the first time that he _________________ to Beiji ng whe n
we visited the Great Wall together.
4. It ' s getting dark. I ' ve _________________________ （不得不）go. It is nice meeting you all. Keep
in touch.
5. He is such an easy-going person that he _____________________ w ell __________ （相处）his classmates.
6. Every eve ning people would see the old lady ____________________________ （溜狗）alone
for about an hour, and the n she disappeared into the dark ness.
7. The Titanic told us a story about a young man called Jack who _______________________________________ （相爱）with a nice young lady n amed Rose.
8. Because she hadn' t been able to be outdoors for so long that Anne had _________________ s o __________ __________ （对…着迷）everythi ng to do __________ n ature.
9. Basic military training（军训）is organized for the students ____________________ （特意）
The activity is see n as a part of educati on of their love for our coun try.
10. Do you have any __________________________ （有麻烦）what he is sayi ng
11. We tried to ________ him ________ , but he kept shout ing excitedly.
12. __________________ （记下）your ideas before you forget them.
1. 我仍然发现和他们交朋友很难。（find it hard to …）
2. 如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。（be grateful ）
3. 目前我和同学们有些小摩擦。（have trouble with ）
4. 这是她第一次跟英国人交谈.（It is the first time …）
5. 直到到家玛丽才认识到她丢了钥匙。（not until 的强调句型）
1 Peter said that he is pleased to meet the America n frien ds.
2. Chuck arrived early in order get a good seat.
3. I didn ' t know that he would come on time.
4. My brother joi ned in the army in 200
5.
friend broke my camera and I have to pay to get it repairi ng
6. For a long time, the Ianguage in America kept the same, while the Ianguage in England changed.
7. The soldier went over many hardships during the war.
8. My friend has gone on a holiday and asked me to take care about his dog.
9. I ' m tired listening to the boring speech.
10. They all felt upsetting about the results of the competition.
A. to have
B. hav ing
C. have
D. had
1. He asked for the violi
n.A. did I pay how much paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid you make sure _______ the gold ring
A. where Alice has put
B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put
D. where has Alice put
3. These photos will show you ________ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like
D. how our village looks like
4. You can ' t imagine ___ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A .how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
5. ________ s he said suggested that she hadn
' t decided _________ to go or not.
A. What; if
B. That; whether
C. What; whether
D. What; whichever 6. I ' ll ask my parents _______ .
A. whether they will agree to go
B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go
D. whether they allow me to go 7. — Do you mi nd if Jim will come to help
—I really don ' t know _________ a person like him can help me with. A. what B .that C. how D .if 8. He asked me if
A. the train would arrive late
B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time
D. the train stops here
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edis on (1847 —1931) _________ the world leadi ng inven tor for sixty
years. A. would be
B. has bee n
C. had bee n
10. — Sorry to have in terrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I
— You ________ y ou didn ' t like your father ' s job. A. had said B. said
C. were say ing
11. I have always bee n hon est and straightforward, and it does n to.
15. The little girl told me this morni ng that she ______ on ly eight years old.
D. was
D. had bee n say ing
't matter ______ I am talking
A. who is it
B. who it is
C. it is who
D. it is whom 12. T he teacher said the earth _________ around the sun.
A. travel
B. travels
13. I thi nk Father would like to know ____ a quick no te.
A. which
B. why
C. traveled
D. is traveli ng
I ' ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him
C. what
D. how
14. He told us whether ______ a pic nic was still un der discussi on.
A. is
B. has bee n
C. is going to be
D. has
Unitl基础知识巩固练习参考答案
略
1. Germa ns
2. suffered 8. disagreeme nt 9. dust 10. outdoor
1..ig nore 10. concerned
[V. —空一词（短语连词）
2. to meet; havi ng was; had come 4. got to 5. gets on …with 6. walk the dog
7. fell in love 8 . grown …crazy about …with 9. on purpose 10..trouble/difficulty in
un dersta ndin g11. calm dow n 12.. Set dow n
1. I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
2. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
3. I ' m having some trouble with my classmates at t he moment.
4. It is the first time that she has talked with an English man
5. It was not un til she got home that Mary realized she had lost her keys.
1. is T was
2. order 后面力口to
3. that whether / if
4.去掉in
5. reparing---repaired
6. kept T stayed
7. over T through —of 9. tired 后面力口of 10. upsetti ng T upset
1-5 DABBC 6-10 CAADC 11-15 BBCBA
高中教材文言文基础知识梳理 必修1 烛之武退秦师 一、通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(____同____) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(____通____，________________) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(____通____) 4.失其所与，不知(____通____) 答案 1.已矣 2.共供供给 3.说悦 4.知智 二、古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 ．．． 古义： 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李 ．．之往来，共其乏困 古义： 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人 ．．之力不及此 古义： 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 答案 1.东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。2.出使的人。
3.那人，指秦穆公。 三、一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此() ②微闻有鼠作作索索() ③各微侧，其两膝相比者() ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫() ⑤微风鼓浪() 答案①如果没有②暗暗地③稍微，略微④低贱，卑下⑤微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退() ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻() ③徐公不若君之美也() ④若入前为寿() ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若() 答案①假如②好像③及，比得上④第二人称代词，你⑤形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕() ②杂然相许()
③问渠那得清如许() ④潭中鱼可百许头() ⑤先生不知何许人也() 答案①答应，允许②赞许，赞同③这样，这般 ④表示大约的数量⑤处所，地方 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远() ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富() ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也() ④鄙人不知忌讳() ⑤孔子鄙其小器() 答案①把……当做边邑②边界地方③庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗④鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞⑤轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋() ②敢以烦执事() ③越国以鄙远() ④若舍郑以为东道主() ⑤以勇气闻于诸侯() ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众() ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望()
Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑 v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为 v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性 v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表 v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内 1. He wrote down his name on the list. 他将他的名字写在清单上。 2. He listed all the things he had to do. 他把自己必须做的事列成表。 Share n. 部份,股份,分担 v. 共享,共有,分配 1. If you want a share of the pay, you'll have to do your fair share of the work. 要是你想得到一份报酬，你就必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。 2. She's got all her money in stocks and shares. 她所有的钱都投放到股票里去了。
高一数学必修一的知识点总结介绍 一：集合的含义与表示 1、集合的含义：集合为一些确定的、不同的东西的全体，人们 能意识到这些东西，并且能判断一个给定的东西是否属于这个整体。 把研究对象统称为元素，把一些元素组成的总体叫集合，简称为集。 2、集合的中元素的三个特性： (1)元素的确定性：集合确定，则一元素是否属于这个集合是确 定的：属于或不属于。 (2)元素的互异性：一个给定集合中的元素是唯一的，不可重复的。 (3)元素的无序性:集合中元素的位置是可以改变的，并且改变位置不影响集合 3、集合的表示：{…} (1)用大写字母表示集合：A={我校的篮球队员},B={1,2,3,4,5} (2)集合的表示方法：列举法与描述法。 a、列举法：将集合中的元素一一列举出来{a,b,c……} b、描述法： ①区间法：将集合中元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号内表示集合。 {x?R|x-3>2},{x|x-3>2} ②语言描述法：例：{不是直角三角形的三角形} ③Venn图:画出一条封闭的曲线，曲线里面表示集合。
4、集合的分类： (1)有限集：含有有限个元素的集合 (2)无限集：含有无限个元素的集合 (3)空集：不含任何元素的集合 5、元素与集合的关系： (1)元素在集合里，则元素属于集合，即：a?A (2)元素不在集合里，则元素不属于集合，即：a￠A 注意：常用数集及其记法： 非负整数集(即自然数集)记作：N 正整数集N*或N+ 整数集Z 有理数集Q 实数集R 6、集合间的基本关系 (1).“包含”关系(1)—子集 定义：如果集合A的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素，我们说这两个集合有包含关系，称集合A是集合B的子集。 7、集合的运算 二、函数的概念 函数的概念：设A、B是非空的数集，如果按照某个确定的对应关系f，使对于集合A中的任意一个数x，在集合B中都有唯一确定的数f(x)和它对应，那么就称f：A---B为从集合A到集合B的一个函数.记作：y=f(x)，x∈A. (1)其中，x叫做自变量，x的取值范围A叫做函数的定义域;
高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Part 1. Warming up 1.介词不同，含义有别： be good to sb./sth. 对… 好be good for sb./sth. 对… 有好处 be good at (doing) sth. 擅长，精通be good with sb./sth. 善于应付… 的 eg. She was very good to me when I was ill. Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at speaking English. He is very good with children. 他对孩子很有一套。 2.add up 合计，把…加起来add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. Add three to four and you get seven. ▲ add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 3.point n.点，要点，观点，意义，得分v.指着 be on the point of doing sth. when......=be about to do sht. when....正要做某事，这时...... There is no point (in) doing sth. 没有必要（意义）做某事 4. until与not … until until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。 not … until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine，mind, miss（错过）, practice, suggest, risk，can't stand（不能忍受）, can’t help (忍不住），give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth. There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。 He put off paying the bills 6. get sth. done 使某事被做( get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语) eg. When are you going to get your hair cut? I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. ▲get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事eg. I will get him to do the work. ▲get sb./sth. doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg. Let me try now. I will get the car going. ▲get + n. + adj. 使… 成为某种状态eg. Get everything ready. ★联想：have sth. done 使某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
必修一文言文基础知识梳理 烛之武退秦师 一、指出下列句中的通假字并解释 1．今老矣，无能为也已通“”，释义： 1.已，同“矣”，了。 2．行李之往来，共其乏困通“”，释义： 2.共，通“供”，供给。 3．夫晋，何厌之有通“”，释义： 3.厌，通“餍”，知足，满足。 4．秦伯说，与郑人盟通“”，释义： 4.说，通“悦”，高兴。 5．失其所与，不知通“”，释义： 5.知，通“智”，明智。
二、一词多义 1、贰 ①以其无礼于晋，且贰．于楚也 ②不迁怒，不贰．过 1、贰：①从属二主；②再，重复。 2、鄙 ①蜀之鄙．有二僧 ②越国以鄙．远，君知其难也 ③肉食者鄙．，未能远谋 ④我皆有礼，夫犹鄙．我 2、鄙：①边邑，边远的地方；②把……作为边邑；③庸俗，鄙陋；④轻视，看不起。 3、许 ①许．君焦、瑕，朝济而夕设版焉 ②杂然相许． ③潭中鱼可百许．头
④先生不知何许．人也 3、许：①答应，听从；②赞同；③约数； ④表处所，地方。 4、微 ①微．夫人之力不及此 ②参如微．时，与萧何善 ③微．言大义 ④见微．知著 ⑤国势衰微． 4、微：①假如没有；②卑贱；③幽微，精妙；④隐蔽，不显露；⑤衰败。 5、敝 ①因人之力而敝．之 ②曹操之众，远来疲敝． ③使史更敝．衣草 5、敝：①损害，衰败；②敝：疲惫；③屦
坏，破旧。 6、焉 ①焉．用亡郑以陪邻 ②若不阙秦，将焉．取之 ③子亦有不利焉． ④朝济而夕设版焉． 6、焉：①何，为什么；②哪里；③语气助词，如“啊”；④兼词，“于之”，在那里。 7、以 ①以．其无礼于晋②敢以．烦执事③越国以．鄙远④焉用亡郑以．陪邻⑤若舍郑以．为东道主⑥以．乱易整⑦阙秦以．利晋 7、以：①连词，因为；②介词，拿，来； ③连词，表顺承；④连词，表顺承；⑤介词，把；⑥介词，用；⑦连词，用来。 8、而
烛之武退秦师备课基础知识一词多义 1.微 ①微夫人之力不及此 如果没有 ②微闻有鼠作作索索 暗暗地 ③各微侧，其两膝相比者 稍微，略微 ④猥以微贱，当侍东宫 低贱，卑下 ⑤微风鼓浪 微小，轻微 2.若 ①若使烛之武见秦君，师必退 假如 ②海内存知己，天涯若比邻 好像 ③徐公不若君之美也 及，比得上 ④若入前为寿 第二人称代词，你 ⑤桑之未落，其叶沃若 形容词词尾，相当于“貌”“……的样子” 3.许 ①许君焦、瑕 答应，允许
赞许，赞同 ③问渠那得清如许 这样，这般 ④潭中鱼可百许头 表示大约的数量 ⑤先生不知何许人也 处所，地方答案 4.鄙 ①越国以鄙远 把……当做边邑 ②蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富边界地方 ③鄙贱之人，不知将军宽之至此也庸俗，浅陋，鄙俗 ④鄙人不知忌讳 鄙人，复合词，自称的谦辞 ⑤孔子鄙其小器 轻视 5.以 ①以其无礼于晋 介词，因为 ②敢以烦执事 介词，拿，用 ③越国以鄙远 连词，表顺承 ④若舍郑以为东道主
⑤以勇气闻于诸侯 介词，凭借 ⑥夫夷以近，则游者众 连词，表并列 ⑦则请立太子为王，以绝秦望 连词，表目的，来 ⑧木欣欣以向荣 连词，表修饰关系 ⑨皆以美于徐公 动词，认为 通假字 1.今老矣，无能为也已(已同矣) 2.行李之往来，共其乏困(共通供，供给) 3.秦伯说，与郑人盟(说通悦) 4.失其所与，不知(知通智) 古今异义 1.若舍郑以为东道主 古义：东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。 今义：请客的主人。 2.行李之往来，共其乏困 古义：出使的人。 今义：出门所带的包裹、箱子等。 3.微夫人之力不及此 古义：那人，指秦穆公。 今义：对一般人的妻子的尊称。 词类活用
Book1Unit1 基础知识过关 I.单词 1. n．辩论；争论；vt.& vi. 辩论；争论 2．n. 内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题 3．adv. 事实上；的确 4．n. (书、诗歌等的)名称；标题；职称；头衔 5．n. 话题；标题 6．vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 7．n. 文学；文学作品 8．adj. 额外的；附加的 9．vi.& vt.( , ) 停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等) 10．n. 工作计划；日程安排vt. 安排；预定 11．n. 冒险；奇遇 12．n. 专家；行家adj. 熟练的；内行的；专家的 13．n. 一代(人) 14．vi.& vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距n. 中心；重点；焦点15．n. 成年人adj. 成年的；成熟的 II.词汇拓展 1. adj.十几岁的(指13至19岁)；青少年的n．(13至19岁之间的) 青少年 2．n．志愿者adj.志愿的；自愿的 3．vt.较喜欢n．喜爱；偏爱 4．n．运作；运动；活动vi.移动；搬家，迁移；离开vt.移动；感动5．adj.合适的；适用的vt.适合；使适宜；满足需要；合心意 6．n．挑战；艰巨任务vt.怀疑；向……挑战adj.具有挑战性的7．vt.使糊涂；使迷惑adj.难以理解的；不清楚的adj.糊涂的；迷惑的n．迷惑 8．vi.& vt.毕业；获得学位n．毕业；毕业典礼 9. n．前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进adj.高级的；高等的； 先进的 10．adv.显然；明显地adj.显而易见的 11．vi.& vt.改进，改善n．改进；改善 12．adj.负责的；有责任的n．责任；义务13．n．解决办法；答案vt.解决 14．n．行为；举止vt.& vi.表现 15．vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) n．有吸引力的事物；吸引→adj.吸引人的 16．n．对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的III.重点短语 1. 喜欢……多于……2．打扫(或清除)干净3．对……适合的4．报名(参加课程) 5．对……负责6．参加俱乐部7．习惯于；适应于8．做好准备9．被吸引到；迷上10．集中；特别关注11．对……很入迷12．玩得开心 IV.单句语法填空 1．The train is (预定) to arrive at 8：45, but it’s running twenty minutes late. 2．The film producers will generally choose attractive (名称；标题) for their films. 3．(事实上), each of us is willing to help people in need. 4．If you really wan t my advice, I don’t think you should (离开) school.
荆轲刺秦王备课基础知识 一、通假字 1.秦王必说见臣(说通悦，高兴) 2.今日往而不反者(反通返，返回) 3.燕王诚振怖大王之威(振通震，震慑) 4.图穷而匕首见(见通现，显露) 5.卒起不意(卒通猝，仓猝) 二、古今异义 1.樊将军以穷困 ．．来归丹 古义：走投无路，陷于困境。 今义：生活贫困，经济困难。 2.丹不忍以己之私，而伤长者 ．．之意 古义：品德高尚之人，此指樊将军 今义：年长之人。 3.持千金之币．物 古义：礼物 今义：钱币。 4.秦王方还柱走． 古义：跑 今义：步行。 5.诸郎中 ．．执兵 古义：宫廷侍卫 今义：指中医。 三、一词多义 1.穷 ①樊将军以穷困来归丹(困窘，处境困难)
②图穷而匕首见(尽、完结) ③复前行，欲穷其林(穷尽，走到尽头) ④穷家富路(贫穷) ⑤穷则独善其身(不得志，不显贵，与“达”相对) 2.见 ①图穷而匕首见(露出) ②而燕国见陵之耻除矣(被) ③私见张良，具告以事(拜见，会见) ④秦王坐章台见相如(召见，接见) ⑤慈父见背(用在动词前，表示对他人动作行为的承受，译为“自己”“我”) 3.引 ①秦王惊，自引而起(指身子向上起) ②乃引其匕首提秦王(举起) ③左右或欲引相如去(牵、拉) ④项王乃复引兵而东(带领) ⑤引而不发(拉开弓) ⑥乃设九宾礼于廷，引赵使者蔺相如(延请) 4.顾 ①顾笑武阳(回头看) ②顾计不知所出(只是，不过) ③顾野有麦场(往旁边看) ④三顾臣于草庐之中(拜访) ⑤人之立志，顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉(反而，却) 5.乃 ①太子丹恐惧，乃请荆卿曰(连词，于是) ②乃今得闻教(副词，才) ③家祭无忘告乃翁(代词，你的) ④当立者乃公子扶苏(副词，是) ⑤好雨知时节，当春乃发生(连词，表承接，于是、便)
Unit 1 Friendship 知识点总结： 1.add up 合计，把…加起来 add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添 add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. If you add three to four, you get seven. Add three to four and you get seven. Three added to four is seven. add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） Eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 词组辨析： 1). The time I spend in commuting every day _________ two and a half hours. 2). Colorful balloons can _____ the festival atmosphere. 3). To make sure the result was correct，she ________ the figures again and again. 高考链接： There have been several new events to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 2.Your friend comes to school very upset. upset 此处为adj. 做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。 Eg. He went to bed cold and hungry. She got married young. The room was found empty. ▲ upset的用法： (1). adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语） 搭配：be upset about sth. 为某事烦心be upset that… 心烦 eg. She was really upset about losing the money. I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. (2). vt. 使不安，使心烦(upset, upset) Eg. Don’t upset yourself about it. The bad news upset the boy’s mother. 3.calm down vt./vi. （使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来 eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down. He took a deep breath to calm himself down. ▲calm adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的 eg. Keep calm. After the storm, it became calm again. ▲adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析： calm 平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动） quiet 安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑） still 静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态） silent 沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话） 【一言辨异】When facing danger, you should keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet; in class, you shouldn’t keep silent about the teacher’s questions. 4.have got to 不得不，必须= have to eg. I have got to go to a meeting. Have you got to go now? He hasn’t got to come tomorrow. 【说明】: have got to 很少用于过去时态。 have to 可用于各种时态，而且可与情态动词，助动词连用。 have to 强调客观需要“不得不”; must 强调主观愿望“必须” 5. concern （1）vt. (使)担忧，涉及，关系到 eg. She concerns herself about her son’s future. The news concerns your brother. ▲concern 做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。搭配： ①be concerned about/for sth. 为… 担心，关心，关注，挂念
人教版高中英语必修一unit1基础知识点训练题 一。根据首字母填空 1.He i__________ the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking. 2.He c_______ the old woman out of her money by playing tricks last week. 3.There are five important p__________ in her speech. 4.The old man s__________ a bad backache after the accident happened. 5.In the l______ soil there is a lot of air. 6.Please give me the r________ for your being late. 7.A_________ to our records, the books you have borrowed should now be returned to the library. 8.It is a good h_______ for you to read English as soon as you get up. 9.You can get into a s__________ where you have to make a decision immediately. 10.She doesn’t want to set down a s______of facts in a diary as most people do. 11.The mother tried to c________ down her crying baby. 12.Because he didn’t finish the work on time and was fired by company, he was very u______ about it. 二.单句改错 1.As far as he concerned, he can’t afford such an expensive car. 2.In order to encouraging the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a spring outing on April 10. 3.It was 8 o’clock that I went back home last night. 4.In a word, it is online shopping that makes your life more conveniently. 5.There is the series of science and technology books on the desk. 6.This wasn’t your fault, the workman should put a warning sign in front of those stones. 7.She joined in Hong Kong’s Department of Health in 1978, where her work in public health began. 8.My mother is proud to have made me like a top student. 9.It is no pleasure stay at home doing homework all day. 10.I wonder that I can do the same thing for my students. 11.Neither I nor my kids stepped out of the house since last Saturday. 12.I am grateful to my friends with all that they have done. 13.Our teacher said that the earth moved around the sun. 14.We decided to come a long way round so as to seeing the countryside. 15.Do you think Mary can get the task finishing on time? 16.You can improve your writing by keeping diary. 17.Our company makes a rule not to smoke in the office. 18.I dislike to get up early, especially in winter when it is very cold. 19.We had trouble ask him to come with us for he was very busy at that moment. 20.You don't need to get the computer repairing, because I've decided to buy a new one. 21.There have been a series of activities to get people together and make them closer to each other in this town. 22.It was the third time in a month that you have been late for school. 23.Nowadays people are more concerned to the environment where they live.
牛津高中英语必修一Unit 1单词讲解 1.attend vt. / vi. 1）出席, 参加, 2）上(大学等),就读3）照料;护理;侍候 vt: attend + noun (会议、聚会、讲座，上课) He did not attend the meeting yesterday.(go to ; be present at参加或出席) Dr Smith attended her in hospital. （look after） vi: attend on/upon sb. 看护，照料（某人） attend on a patient 2.assembly[U]集会，会议 the right of assembly 集会权assembly rooms 会议室 Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行. 3.earn vt. to get something by working 获得，赚，赚得 He earns 10,000 a year. earn one?s living / make one?s living 谋生 She earned her living by working in a supermarket. earn fame / praise / respect 获得名誉/赞扬/ 尊敬 The young player earned his place in the team by training hard. 4.respect v. 遵守, 尊敬; 敬重; 钦佩; n.（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重 We? d better respect others? feelings. I respect him for his honesty. (尊敬，钦佩) show / have respect /to /for sb. = respect sb. The young should show respect to those who are older. 年轻人应该尊敬长者。 gain/ win / earn respect 博得钦佩 respects (pl) 敬意；问候Give my respects / regards to your wife. respectful adj. （主动）表示尊敬的，恭敬的 respectfully adv. 尊敬地, 谦恭地 respectable adj. （被动）值得尊敬的，体面的 The teacher is ______, so we are all ______ to him. (respectable, respectful) 5.achieve v. 取得，实现 achieve all one?s goals / aims 达到目标 achievement n. 成就, 功绩 6.average n. 一般的，普通的，平均的 The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24. 4、8和60的平均数是24。 The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. (平均年龄) These marks are well above average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上. on (an) average 通常；按平均 7.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 challenge vt. 向...挑战challenge sb. to He challenged me to play another football match. 他向我挑战要我跟他再进行一场足球比赛It is challenging for me to solve this problem by myself. 8.extra adj. 额外的; 外加的; 附加的adv. 超过一般地; 特别地 extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 Can I have extra time to finish my work? (额外的) an extra strong box 加固的箱子
【基础知识梳理】 通假字 1．今老矣，无能为也已( ) 2．行李之往来，共其乏困( ) 3．何厌之有( ) 4．阙秦以利晋( ) 5．失其所与，不知( ) 6．秦王必说见臣/秦伯说( ) 7．而燕国见陵之耻除矣( ) 8．今日往而不反者( ) 9．燕王诚振怖大王之威( ) 10．燕王拜送于庭( ) 11．图穷而匕首见( ) 12．秦王还柱而走( ) 13．卒起不意( ) 14．成五采( ) 15．距关，毋内诸侯( ) 16．张良出，要项伯( ) 17．愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也( ) 18．旦日不可不蚤自来谢项王( ) 19．令将军与臣有郤( ) 20．不者，若属皆且为所虏( ) [参考答案] 1．“已”通“矣”，了 2.“共”通“供”，供给 3.“厌”通“餍”，满足 4.“阙”同“缺”，损害 5.“知”同“智”，明智 6.“说”通“悦”，高兴7.“陵”通“凌”，凌辱，欺侮8.“反”通“返”，返回9.“振”通“震”，恐惧10.“庭”通“廷”，朝堂11.“见”通“现”，出现12.“还”通“环”，环绕13.“卒”通“猝”，突然14.“采”通“彩”，色彩15.“距”通“拒”，把守；“内”通“纳”，接纳16.“要”通“邀”，邀请17.“倍”通“背”，背叛18.“蚤”通“早”，早些19.“郤”通“隙”，隔阂 20．“不”通“否”，否则 古今异义 1、且贰于楚也古义：从属二主今义：二 2、若舍郑以为东道主古义：东方道路上的主人今义：请客的主人 3、行李之往来古义：出使的人今义：出门时所带的包裹等 4、共其乏困古义：缺少的东西今义：困乏，疲倦 5、微夫人之力，不及此也古义：那个人今义：对已婚妇女的尊称 6、今老矣，无能为也古义：不能今义：没有能力 7、将军战河北，臣战河南。古义：黄河以北，黄河以南今义：省名 8、约为婚姻古义：儿女亲家今义：结婚的事情，因结婚而产生的夫妻关系 9、备他盗之出入与非常也古义：意外变故今义：十分，极 10、如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉古义：鱼和肉今义：鱼身上的肉 11、所以遣将守关者，古义：……的原因今义：表示结果 12、而听细说古义：小人的谗言今义：详细说来
第一二章组成细胞的分子 第一章走进细胞 一、生命系统的结构层次 动物：细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈 柳树:细胞→组织→器官→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈 细菌:细胞(个体) →种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈 注：病毒是生物，属于系统，但不属于生命系统。创造病毒并不是创造生命。 二、高倍镜的使用 1.步骤：移至视野中央（在哪往哪移）→换高倍镜→调节光圈使视野变亮（大光圈、凹面镜）→调细 准焦螺旋 2.计算：“一”字排列，直接除以放大倍数；“布满”排列，除以放大倍数的平方。 注：①目镜越短，物镜越长，放大倍数越大。 ②由低倍镜到高倍镜直接转动转换器，不能动粗，不能调节镜筒。 三、原核生物和真核生物 1.本质区别：有无以核膜为界限的细胞核。 2. 3.蓝藻是原核生物，没有叶绿体，但能进行光合作用，有藻蓝素和叶绿素；没有线粒体，但能进行有氧 呼吸，在细胞膜上有与有氧呼吸有关的酶。 注：①单细胞动物，如草履虫、变形虫、疟原虫等属于真核生物。 ②真核生物与原核生物的统一性：有相似的细胞膜、细胞质、DNA。 ③病毒结构简单，由核酸（DNA或RNA）和蛋白质构成（有些病毒有囊膜，含有磷脂）。 ④细胞是生物体结构与功能的基本单位，除病毒外，所有生物体都是由细胞构成。 ⑤支原体是唯一没有细胞壁的原核生物。 ⑥细胞壁成分：原核生物---主要是肽聚糖；真菌---主要是几丁质；植物---主要是纤维素和果胶。 4.细胞学说（P10）是施莱登和施旺提出的，揭示细胞统一性和生物体结构统一性。 5.①罗伯特.虎克：细胞的发现者和命名者②列文虎克：用自制显微镜观察到活细胞 ③施莱登、施旺：提出细胞学说④魏尔肖名言：“所有的细胞都来源于先前存在的细胞” 第二章组成细胞的分子 一、细胞中的元素和化合物 1.生物界与非生物界统一性体现在：元素种类大体相同。差异性体现在：含量不同。 2.依据生物体内含量的多少分为大量元素和微量元素： ①大量无素：C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg ②微量无素：Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Mo、Cu ③最基本元素：C ④基本元素：C、H、O、N 3.课本P17（不论是沙漠中仙人掌，还是其它生物都一样，只考虑鲜重与干重） 鲜重：O>C>H>N 最多的化合物：水干重：C>O>N>H 最多的化合物：蛋白质 4.实验“检测生物组织中的糖类、脂肪和蛋白质” （1）斐林试剂+还原性糖(葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、脱氧核糖和麦芽糖)→砖红色沉淀 条件：现配现用、等量混合、50-65℃水浴加热 （2）苏丹III染液+脂肪→橘黄色；苏丹IV染液+脂肪→红色 步骤：取材（浸泡：易于做切片）--切片制片（染色--洗浮色用体积分数为50%酒精）--观察检测脂肪不一定要用显微镜，但要观察到脂肪滴或脂肪颗粒必须用显微镜。 （4）双缩脲试剂+蛋白质→紫色反应（双缩脲试剂╪双缩脲） 注：①斐林试剂（甲夜：质量浓度为0.1g/ml的NaOH溶液；乙液：质量浓度为0.05g/ml的CuSO4溶液）：条件：现配现用，等量混合，50-65℃水浴加热 原理：还原糖与Cu(OH)2反应。 ②双缩脲试剂（A夜：质量浓度为0.1g/ml的NaOH溶液；B液：质量浓度为0.01g/ml的CuSO4溶液）： 条件：先加A液1ml，再加B液4滴 原理：蛋白质在碱性环境（NaOH）中，蛋白质与Cu2+反应。 ③双缩脲试剂实质是与肽键发生反应，所以变性的蛋白质也会发生紫色反应。 二、生命活动的主要承担者--蛋白质 1.元素：CHON(S) 单位：氨基酸（20种，区别在于R基的不同） 2. 氨基：—NH2 羧基：—COOH 肽键：—NH—CO—氨基酸通式： 结构通式的特点：每种氨基酸分子至少都含有一个氨基和一个羧基，并且都有一个 氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上，这个碳原子还连接一个氢原子和一个侧链基团。 3.形成过程：脱水缩合： 4.有关计算: （1）若n个氨基酸形成m条肽链，则肽键数= 脱水数= 氨基酸数- 肽链数=n-m，则由这m条肽链组成的蛋白质的分子量为：n×a-(n-m)×18 (a为氨基酸的平均分子量、18为水分子量)。 （2）至少含有的羧基（—COOH）或氨基数（—NH2） = 肽链数=m 5.蛋白质多样性的原因: 氨基酸的种类、数目、排列顺序不同，多肽链的盘曲、折叠方式及其形成的空间结构不同。 6.蛋白质的五大功能：（1）结构蛋白：如毛发；（2）催化作用：酶；（3）运载体：血红蛋白； （4）调节作用：胰岛素（5）免疫功能：抗体 注：鸡蛋煮熟：高温破坏了蛋白质的空间结构（但肽键仍在，所以可与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应）鸡蛋加盐：盐析，降低了蛋白质的溶解度（物理变化，可逆）。 三、遗传信息的携带者--核酸（关键问题：审题，能具体则具体） 1.元素：C、H、O、N、P 基本单位：核苷酸(8种，4种脱氧核苷酸＋4种核糖核苷酸) 2.结构：一分子磷酸、一分子五碳糖（脱氧核糖或核糖）、一分子含氮碱基（有5种）A、T、C、G、U H R1 COOH NH2 C H R2 COOH H2N C + H2O H R1 CO NH2 C H R2 COOH HN C 肽键 二肽