大学英语六级模拟试卷
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give e xplanations to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
1 A) College tuition has become a heavy burden for the students.
B) College students are in general politically active nowadays.
C)He took part in many protests when he was at college.
D)He is doubtful about the effect of the students’ action,
2. A) The class has kept the party a secret from Jay.
B) Jay is organizing a party for the retiring dean.
C) Jay is surprised to learn of the party for him.
D) The dean will come to Jay's birthday party.
3. A) He found his wallet in his briefcase.
B) He went to the lost-and-found office.
C) He found the woman to go and pick up his car.
D) He left his things with his car in the garage.
4. A) The show he directed turned out lo be a success.
B) He watched only those comedies by famous directors.
C) TV comedies have not improved much since the 1960s.
D) New comedies are exciting, just like those in the 1960s.
5. A) The man should stop boiling the vegetables.
B) The man should try out some new recipes.
C) Overcooked vegetables are often tasteless.
D) All vegetables should be cooked fresh.
6 A) Help them tidy up the house.
B) Sort out I heir tax returns.
C) Help them to decode a message.
D) Figure out a way to avoid taxes.
7 A) The woman remains a total mystery to him.
B) The woman is still trying to finish her work.
C) He has devoted a whole month to his research.
D) He didn't expect to complete his work so soon
8 A) He has failed to register for the course.
B) He would like to major in psychology too.
C) There should be more time for registration.
D) Developmental psychology is newly offered.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard
9. A) The brilliant product design.
B) The unique craftsmanship.
C) The new color combinations.
D) The texture of the fabrics.
10. A) Fancy products.
B) Local handicrafts.
C) Traditional Thai silks.
D) Unique tourist attractions.
11. A) It will start tomorrow.
B) It will last only one day.
C) It will be out into the countryside.
D) It will be on the following weekend.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard
12. A) A year of practical training.
B) A happy childhood.
C) A pleasant neighborhood.
D) A good secondary education.
13. A) He is good at carpentry.
B) He is academically gifted.
C) He should be sent to a private school.
D) He ought to get good vocational training.
14. A) Donwell School.
B) Carlton Abbey
C) Enderby High.
D) Enderby Comprehensive.
15. A) Find out more about the five schools.
B) Send their children to a better private school.
C) Talk with their children about their decision.
D) Put keith in a good boarding school.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, youwill hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onl y once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four ch oices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.
Passage one
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It will be ventilated.
B) It will be brightly lit.
C) It will provide easy access to the disabled.
D) It will have a large space for storage.
17. A) Opposite to the library.
B) On the same floor as the labs.
C) On the first floor.
D) On the ground floor.
18. A) To make the building appear traditional.
B) To cut the construction cost to the minimum.
C) To match the style of construction on the site.
D) To embody the subcommittee’s design concepts.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19 A) Sell financial software.
B) Write financial software.
C) Conduct research on financial software.
D) Train clients to use financial software.
20 A) Rewarding.
B) Unsuccessful.
C) Tedious.
D) Important.
21 A) He provided individual support.
B) He held group discussions.
C) He gave the trainees lecture notes.
D) He offered online tutorial.
22 A) Nobody is able to solve all the problems in a couple of weeks.
B) The fault might lie in his style of presenting the information.
C) The trainees’ problems has to be dealt with one by one.
D) The employees were a bit slow to follow his instruction.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) Their teachers meet them only in class.
B) Their parents tend to overprotect them.
C) They have little close contact with adults.
D) They rarely read any books about adults.
24. A) Writers and lawyers are brought in to talk to students.
B) Real-life cases are simulated for students to learn law.
C) More Teacher and Writer Collaboratives are being set up.
D) Opportunities are created for children to become writers.
25. A) Children like to form partnerships with each other.
B) Children are often the best teachers of other children.
C) Paired Learning cultivates the spirit of cooperation.
D) Sixth-graders can teach first-graders as well as teachers.
Section C
Tests may be the most unpopular part ofacademic life. Students hate them because t heyproduce fear and__ 26__ aboutbeing evaluated, and focus on grades instead of l earning forlearning’s sake.
But tests are also valuable. Awell-constructed test __27__ what you know and what you stillneed tolearn. Tests help you see how your performance ______28__that of o thers.Andknowing that you’ll be tested on __29__ material is certainly likely to__30_ _ you to learnthe material more thoroughly.
However, there’s another reason you mightdislike tests: You may assume that tests have thepower to __31__ your worth asa person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted tobelieve that you’vereceived some__32__information about yourself fr om the professor,informationthat says you’re a failure in some significant way.
This is a dangerous—andwrong-headed—assumption. If you do badly on a test, it do esn’tmean you are abad person or stupid. Or that you’ll never do better again, and t hat your lifeis__33__. If you don’t do well on a test, you’re the same person you wer ebefore you took the test— no better, no worse. You just did badly on a test.That’s it .
__34__, tests are not a measure of yourvalue as an individual — they are a measure only ofhow well and how much youstudied. Tests are tools; they are indirect and__3 5__ measuresof what weknow.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major 36 in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent U.S. survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone had 37 their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, 38 ,said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an39 part of their lives; some were so 40 to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.
Cell phones 41 social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more 42 sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 43 social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that 44 environment, mobile phones were regarded as "security objects" in parent-teen relati onships―important because they provided the possibility of 45 and communication at all times.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The Uses of Difficulty
The brain likes a challenge—and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boost its creativity.
A) Jack White, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figure among fellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheap guitars that won’t stay in shape or in tune. When performing, he positions his instruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, so that switching from guitar to organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Because he’s on the run from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist: “ease of use”. When making music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harder to make it sing. B) It’s an odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it already is? Yet we know that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soon after the Beatles had finished work on “Rubber Soul”, Paul McCartney looked into the possibility of going to America to record their next album. The equipment in American studios was more advanced than anything in Britain, which had led the Beatles’ great rivals, the Rolling Stones, to make their latest album, “Aftermath”, in Los Angeles. McCartney found that EMI’s (百代唱片) contractual clauses made it prohibitively expensive to follow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitive technology of Abbey Road.
C) Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Precisely because they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their creativity to solve the problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like “Tomorrow Never Knows”, “Strawberry Fields Forever”, and “A Day in the Life” featured revolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin’s American counterparts.
D) Sometimes it’s only when a difficulty is removed that we realise what it was doing for us. For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes
sat on the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number of long poems among the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were verbally inventive and fluent, but also “strangely boring”. After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.
E) You might have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the page would be an advantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. In an interview with the Paris Review Hughes speculated that when a person puts pen to paper, “you meet the terrible resistance of what happened your first year at it, when you couldn’t write at all”. As the brain attempts to force the unsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed, psychologically denser expression. Remove that resistance and you are more likely to produce a
70-page ramble (不着边际的长篇大论).
F) Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers and pupils alike often assume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then the lesson has been successful. But numerous studies have now found that when classroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over the long term, and understand it on a deeper level.
G) As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme (韵律), spur creative thought. What applies to poets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate（等同于）happiness with freedom, but, as the psychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it’s harder to know what we want, or where we’re heading. He tells the story of a patient, a first-time mother who complained that her young son was always clinging to her, wrapping himself around her legs wherever she went. She never had a moment to herself, she said, because her son was “always in the way”. When Phillips asked her where she would go if he wasn’t in the way, she replied cheerfully, “Oh, I wouldn’t know where I was!”
H) Take another common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money will make them happier. But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate. Despite the ease with which the rich can acquire almost anything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy as the middle classes. In this regard at least, F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.
I) Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narrator remark of the very rich that, “not having to consider affordability, their desires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless (持续不断的) and whimsical （反复无常的）at the same time.” When Boston College, a private research university, wanted a better feel for its potential donors, it asked the psychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of the super-rich. He surveyed 165 households, most of which had a net worth of $25m or more. He found that many of his subjects were confused by the infinite options their money presented them with.
They found it hard to know what to want, creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this: “You k now, Bob, you can just buy so much stuff, and when you get to the point where you can just buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?”
J) The internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects of our online experiences are catching on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twitter’s huge success is rooted in the simple but profound insight that in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interesting thing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service This Is My Jam helps people navigate the tens of millions of tracks now available instantly via Spotify and iTunes. Users pick their favourite song of the week to share with others. They only get to choose one. The service was only launched this year, but by the end of September 650,000 jams had been chosen. Its co-founder Matt Ogle explains its raison d’être (存在的理由) like this: “In an age of endless choice, we were missing a way to say: ‘This. This is the one you should listen to’.”
K) Today’s world offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the Walker Brothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, our lives are less tightly bound by social norms and physical constraints. Technology has cut out much of life’s donkeywork, and we have more freedoms than ever: we can wear what we like and communicate with hundreds of friends at once at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of us wish to turn the clock back, but perhaps we need to remind ourselves how useful the right obstacles can be. Sometimes, the best route to fulfilment is the path of more resistance.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet’s creativity.
47. With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.
48. More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.
49. It IS a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.
50. Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.
51. Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.
52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed oncomputers.
53. Maybe we need to bear in bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.
54. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices theirmoney made available.
55. One free social networking website turned out to successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
There was on shop in the town of Mufulira， which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter， a long line of African s queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but， when their turn came to be served， were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was deter mined to make a public protest against this kind of thing， and many of the schoolbo ys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happe n when I went in.
I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As s oon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowe d to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in Englis h that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in Englis h，“If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you.”
I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out， for he was one of the old school； however， I saw a young District Offic er who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me th at if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did， and I well remember him saying to the manager，“Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council， and you tr eat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apologized and said ，“If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was， then， of course I should have given him proper service.”
I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to intro duce myself every time I went into a store…any more than I should have to buy my m edicine by going to a European friend？ I want to prove that any man of any color，whatever his position， should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he w anted.
56.“Color bar” in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to ___.
A .a bar which is painted in different colors.
B. the fact that white and black customers are served separately.
C. a bar of chocolate having different colors.
D. a counter where people of different colors are served with beer.
57.The writer was， at the time of the story， ___.
A. a black school teacher B .an African servant
C. a black， but a friend of Europeans D a rich black
58.The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in a bastard language because ___.
A. he hadn't learned to speak polite English.
B. he thought the writer wouldn't understand English.
C. that was the usual language used by Europeans when speaking to Africans.
D. that was the only language he could speak when he was angry.
59.In the third paragraph，“he was one of the old school” means ___.
A he believed in the age-old practice of racial discrimination.
B. he was a very old man.
C. he graduated from an old，conservative school.
D. he was in charge of an old school.
60.Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African ？
A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.
B. Because he thought，being an important person，he should not be kept waiting.
C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.
D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.
Passage Two
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents du ring the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personal ity and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the c onclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care befo re the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people d o believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly， anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children a nd parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. F or example， we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone——far from it. Secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents， caretakers found children had p roblems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and ev en if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful American studie s of children in day care， and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neut ral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issu e.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. T he possibility that such care might lead to， say， more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term e ffects， parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At t he age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery e asy， and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at t his time. The matter， then， is far from clear-cut， though experience and availabl
e evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
61.This passage primarily argues that ___.
A.infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.
B.whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.
C.there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before the y are three.
D.there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the ag
e o
f three.
62.The phrase “predispose to”（Para. 1， line 3） most probably means ___.
A.lead to
B.dispose to
C.get into
D.tend to suffer
63.According to Bowlby's analysis， it is quite possible that ___.
A.children's personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from th eir parents.
B.early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C.children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.
D.some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from children's development.
64.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___.
A.traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.
B.Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societie s.
C.A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.
D.Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from t he parents.
65.The writer concludes that ___.
A.it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.
B.It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.
C.It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.
D.It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school. PartIVTranslation
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，全面放开生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
[外语类试卷]大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷22 Section B 0 Graying Population Stays in the Pink A)Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life. B)In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems—the major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age— dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema—are also troubling fewer and fewer people. C)"It really raises the question of what should he considered normal ageing", says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. D)Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors. E)On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. "These may be subtle influences", says Manton, "but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It' s not surprising we see some effect". F)One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention. G)The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances.
一、填空题（共20分，每空1分）。 1.数据结构是研究数据元素之间抽象化的相互关系和这种关系在计算机中的存储结构表 示，通常有下列四种存储结构：（1）、（2）、（3）和（4）。 2.评价算法的标准很多，通常是以执行算法所需要的（5）和所占用的（6）来判别一 个算法的优劣。 3.队列操作的原则是（7），栈的插入和删除操作在（8）进行。 4.对循环队列Q，它的最大存储空间是MAXSIZE，队头指针是front，队尾指针是rear， 采用少用一个存储单元的方法解决假溢出时，队满的判断条件是（9），队空的判断条件是（10）。 5.在以head 为表头指针的带有头结点的单链表和循环单链表中，判断链表为空的条件分 别为（11）和（12）。 6.假设二维数组A[6][8]，每个元素用相邻的4个字节存储，存储器按字节编址，已知 A[0][0]的存储位置为100，按行优先顺序存储的元素A[2][5]的第一个字节的地址为（13）。 7.空格串的长度为串中所包含（14）字符的个数，空串的长度为（15）。 8.有向图G 用邻接矩阵A[n][n] 存储表示，其第i 行的所有元素之和等于顶点i 的 （16）。 9.在关键字序列(12 ，23 ，34 ，45 ，56 ，67 ，78 ，89 ，91) 中折半查找 关键字为89和25的结点时，所需进行的比较次数分别为（17）和（18）。 10.请说出两种处理哈希冲突的方法（19）、_（20）_。 二、选择题（共20分，每题2分）。 1.对线性表，在下列哪种情况下应采用链式存储结构？（） A.经常需要随机存取元素 B.经常需要进行插入和删除操作 C.表中元素的个数不变 D.表中元素需要占据一片连续的存储空间 2.从一个具有n个结点的单链表中查找其值等于x结点时，在查找成功情况下，则平均比 较（）个结点。 A.n B.n/2 C.(n-1)/2 D.(n+1)/2 3.若对某线性表最常进行的操作是在最后一个元素之后插入和删除第一个元素，则采用 （）存储方式最节省运算时间。 A.单链表 B.双链表 C.仅有头指针的单循环链表 D.仅有尾指针的单循环链表 4.在一个单链表中，若要删除p指针所指结点的后继结点，则执行（）。 A.p=p->next; p->next=p->next->next; B.p->next=p->next->next; C.p=p->next; D.p=p->next->next;
数据结构模拟试题一 一、判断题（每小题1 分，共15分） 1.计算机程序处理的对象可分为数据和非数据两大类。 2.全体自然数按大小关系排成的序列是一个线性表。 3.在描述单向链表的结点类型时，必须首先描述数值字段，然后再描述指针字段。 4.顺序栈是一种规定了存储方法的栈。 5.树形结构中的每个结点都有一个前驱。 6.在任何一棵完全二叉树中，最多只有一个度为1的分支结点。 7.若某顶点是有向图的根，则该顶点的入度一定是零。 8.如果某图的邻接矩阵有全零的行，没有全零的列，则该图一定是有向图。 9.用一维数组表示矩阵可以节省存储空间。 10.广义表的长度与广义表中含有多少个原子元素有关。 11.分块查找的效率与线性表被分成多少块有关。 12.散列表的负载因子等于存入散列表中的结点个数。 13.在起泡排序过程中，某些元素可能会向相反的方向移动。 14.按某种逻辑关系组织起来的记录的集合称为逻辑记录。 15.索引非顺序文件的特点是索引表中的索引项不一定按关键字大小有序排列。 二、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1.顺序表是一种_____________线性表。 2.若用Q[1]~Q[m]作为非循环顺序队列的存储空间，则对该队列最多只能执行___次插入操作。 3.栈和队列的区别在于________的不同。 4.在高度为h(h≥0)的二叉树中至少有___个结点，至多有___个结点。 5.若用二叉链表来存储具有m个叶子，n个分支结点的树，则二叉链表中有___个左指针域为空的结点，有___个右指针域 为空的结点。 6.n个顶点的有根有向图中至少有___条边，至多有___条边。 7.10行20列矩阵若用行优先顺序表来表示，则矩阵中第8行第7列元素是顺序表中第___个元素。 8.在各元素查找概率相等的情况下，用顺序查找方法从含有12个元素的有序表中查找一个元素，元素间的平均比较次数是 _____。 9.在归并两个长度为m的有序表时，排序码的比较次数至少是___次，至多是___次。 10.在高度为3的6阶B-树中，至少有___个关键字，至多有___个关键字。 三、选择题（每题2分，共30分） 1.计算机所处理的数据一般具有某种内在联系性，这是指________。 A．元素和元素之间存在某种关系B．数据和数据之间存在某种关系 C．元素内部具有某种结构D．数据项和数据项之间存在某种关系 2. 假设顺序表目前有4个元素，第i个元素放在R[i]中，1≤i≤4 。若把新插入元素存入R[6]，则________。 A．会产生运行错误B．R[1]~R[6]不构成一个顺序表 C．顺序表的长度大于顺序表元素个数，会降低存储空间利用率 D．顺序表元素序号和数组元素下标不一致，会给使用带来麻烦 3. 设H是不带表头结点循环单向链表的表头指针，P是和H同类型的变量。当P指向链表最后一个结点时，_________。A．P所指结点指针字段的值为空B．P的值与H的值相等 C．P所指结点的地址与H的值相等D．P所指结点指针字段的值与H的值相等 4. 栈的定义不涉及数据的__________。 A．逻辑结构B．存储结构C．运算D．逻辑结构和存储结构 5. 设5个元素进栈的顺序是1,2,3,4,5，则出栈的顺序有可能是___________。 A．2,4,1,3,5 B．3,4,1,5,2 C．3,2,4,1,5 D．4,1,3,2,5 6. 若某棵二叉树结点的前序序列和中序序列相同，则该二叉树_________。 A．只有一个结点B．每个结点都没有左孩子C．每个结点都没有右孩子D．不存在 7.对于一棵具有n个结点，度为3的树来说，____________。 A．树的高度至多是n-3 B．树的高度至多是n-2 C．树的最低高度是┏log3(n+1)┓ D．至少在某一层上正好有3个结点 8．n个顶点的有向图如果可以进行拓扑排序，则可以断定该有向图__________。 A．含n个强连通分量B．有唯一的入度为0的顶点C．有多个出度为0的顶点 D．是一个有根有向图 9. 特殊矩阵用行优先顺序表表示，_____________ A．简化了矩阵元素之间的逻辑关系B．便于按行处理矩阵元素
英语六级阅读理解模拟练习及答案详解 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语六级阅读理解模拟练习及答案详解》的内容，具体内容：在英语学习过程中，阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型，大学英语六级考试也不例外。大学英语六级阅读试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大... 在英语学习过程中，阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型，大学英语六级考试也不例外。大学英语六级阅读试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大家的阅读水平，下面是我为大家带来英语六级阅读理解模拟练习，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 英语六级阅读理解模拟练习：能源问题 It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover. an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and chat it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy.
计算机专业基础综合（数据结构）模拟试卷1 (总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、单项选择题(总题数：21，分数：42.00) 1.单项选择题1-40小题。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题目要求的。（分数： 2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.若某线性表中最常用的操作是在最后一个结点之后插入一个结点和删除第一个结点，则下面最节省运算时间的存储方式是( )。 （分数：2.00） A.单链表 B.带有头指针的单循环链表 C.双链表 D.带有尾指针的单循环链表√ 解析：解析：在链表中的最后一个结点之后插入一个结点要知道终端结点的地址，所以，单链表、带有头指针的单循环链表、双链表都不合适。考虑在带有尾指针的单循环链表中删除第一个结点，其时间性能是O(1)，所以答案是D。 3.已知两个长度分别为l和s的降序链表，若将它们合并为一个长度为l+s的升序链表，则最坏情况下的时间复杂度是( )。 （分数：2.00） A.O(l) B.O(ls) C.O(min(l，s)) D.O(max(l，s)) √ 解析：解析：在合并过程中，最坏的情况是两个链表中的元素依次进行比较，比较的次数最少是m和n中的最大值。 4.线性表中存放的主要是( )。 （分数：2.00） A.整型常量 B.字符 C.数据元素√ D.信息元素 解析：解析：线性表中主要存放的是数据元素，而数据元素可以是整型也可以是字符型，但对于一个线性表来说，所有的数据元素的类型必须相同。 5.下面的叙述中正确的是( )。 I．线性表在链式存储时，查找第i个元素的时间同i的值成正比Ⅱ．线性表在链式存储时，查找第i个元素的时间同i的值无关Ⅲ．线性表在顺序存储时，查找第i个元素的时间同i的值成正比 （分数：2.00） A.仅I √ B.仅Ⅱ C.仅Ⅲ D.I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 解析：解析：在线性表链式存储结构中，查找第i个元素的时间与i的位置成正比。而在顺序存储结构中查找第i个元素的时间与i的位置无关。 6.对于某线性表来说，主要的操作是存取任一指定序号的元素和在最后进行插入运算，那么应该选择( )存储方式最节省时间。 （分数：2.00） A.顺序表√
年12月大学英语六级模拟题 Part I Writing （30 minutes ） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Learn to Be Grateful by commenting on the saying, “God has two dwellings, one in heaven, and the other in a meek and thankful heart. Being grateful to others is a way to show your love.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Learn to Be Grateful ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ２０１４
少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻- 百度文库 《数据结构》 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 1、若进栈的序列为1，2，3，4，则不可能得到的出栈序列是（）。 A. 3,2,1,4 B. 3,2,4,1 C. 4,2,3,1 D. 2,3,4,1 2、深度为k的完全二叉树所含叶结点的个数最多为（），设根结点在第1层上。 A. 2k B. 2k-1 C. k D. 2k-1 3、衡量查找算法效率的主要标准是（）。 A. 元素个数 B. 所需的存储量 C. 平均查找长度 D. 算法难易程度 4、与线性表的顺序存储不相符的特性是（）。 A. 插入和删除操作灵活 B. 需要连续的存储空间 C. 便于随机访问 D. 存储密度大 5、若进队序列为1，2，3，则出队序列是（）。 A. 3,2,1 B. 1,2,3 C. 1,3,2 D. 3,1,2 6、不带头结点的单链表L为空的判定条件是（）。 A. L==NULL B. L->next==NULL C. L->next==L D. L!=NULL 7、union(A,B,C)表示求集合A和B的并集C。若A={a,b,c},B={c,d},则union(A,B,C)运算后C=（）。 A．{a,b,c,d} B．{a,b,c} C．{a,b} D．{c,d} 8、数组A中，每个元素的长度为3个存储单元，行下标i从1到5，列下标j从1到6，从首地址SA开始连续存放在存储器内，存放该数组至少需要的存储单元数是（）。 A. 90 B. 70 C. 50 D. 30 9、遍历一棵具有n个结点的二叉树，在先序序列、中序序列和后序序列中所有叶子结点的相对次序（）。 A. 都不相同 B. 完全相同 C. 先序和中序相同 D. 中序和后序相同 10、用给定的哈夫曼编码来压缩数据文件，其压缩效率主要取决于（）。 A. 文件长度 B. 平均码长 C. 被压缩文件的特征 D. 以上都不是 1、设有如下遗产继承规则：丈夫和妻子可以互相继承遗产，子女可以继承父亲或母亲的遗产，子女间不能相互继承，则表示该遗产继承关系的最合适的数据结构应该是（）。 A. 树 B. 图 C. 数组 D. 二叉树 2、下列排序中，占用辅助空间最多的是（）。 A. 堆排序 B. 冒泡排序 C. 直接选择排序 D. 二路归并 3、排序方法中，从未排序序列中依次取出元素与已排序序列（初始时为空）中的元素进行比较，将其放入已排序序列的正确位置上的方法，称为（）。 A. 选择排序 B. 冒泡排序 C. 希尔排序 D. 插入排序 4、在待排序序列局部有序的情况下，最好的内部排序应该是（）。 A. 直接选择排序 B. 堆排序 C. 直接插入排序 D. 快速排序 5、下列排序算法中不稳定的是（）。 A. 直接选择排序 B. 直接插入排序 C. 起泡排序 D. 归并排序 6、当利用大小为N的数组顺序存储一个栈时，假定用top==N表示栈空，则向这个栈插入一个元素时，首先应执行（）语句修改top指针。 A. top++ B. top-- C. top=0 D. top=N-1 7、在一个带头结点的双向循环链表中，若要在p所指向的结点之前插入一个新结点，则需要相继修改（）个指针域的值。 A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 8、利用3,6,8,12,5,7这六个值作为叶子结点的权，生成一棵哈夫曼树，该树的深度为（）。 A. 3 B. 4
模拟试卷一 一、单选题（每题 2 分，共20分） 1.以下数据结构中哪一个是线性结构？( ) A. 有向图 B. 队列 C. 线索二叉树 D. B树 2.在一个单链表HL中，若要在当前由指针p指向的结点后面插入一个由q指向的结点， 则执行如下( )语句序列。 A. p=q; p->next=q; B. p->next=q; q->next=p; C. p->next=q->next; p=q; D. q->next=p->next; p->next=q; 3.以下哪一个不是队列的基本运算？（） A. 在队列第i个元素之后插入一个元素 B. 从队头删除一个元素 C. 判断一个队列是否为空 D.读取队头元素的值 4.字符A、B、C依次进入一个栈，按出栈的先后顺序组成不同的字符串，至多可以组成 ( )个不同的字符串？ A.14 B.5 C.6 D.8 5.由权值分别为3,8,6,2的叶子生成一棵哈夫曼树，它的带权路径长度为( )。 A． 11 B.35 C. 19 D. 53 图一 6.该二叉树结点的前序遍历的序列为( )。 A.E、G、F、A、C、D、B B. E、A、G、C、F、B、D C. E、A、C、B、D、G、F D. E、G、A、C、D、F、B 7.该二叉树结点的中序遍历的序列为( )。 A. A、B、C、D、E、G、F B. E、A、G、C、F、B、D C. E、A、C、B、D、G、F D. B、D、C、A、F、G、E 8.该二叉树的按层遍历的序列为( )。 A．E、G、F、A、C、D、B B. E、A、C、B、D、G、F C. E、A、G、C、F、B、D D. E、G、A、C、D、F、B 9.下面关于图的存储的叙述中正确的是( )。 A．用邻接表法存储图，占用的存储空间大小只与图中边数有关，而与结点个数无关B．用邻接表法存储图，占用的存储空间大小与图中边数和结点个数都有关 C. 用邻接矩阵法存储图，占用的存储空间大小与图中结点个数和边数都有关 D．用邻接矩阵法存储图，占用的存储空间大小只与图中边数有关，而与结点个数无关10.设有关键码序列(q，g，m，z，a，n，p，x，h)，下面哪一个序列是从上述序列出发建 堆的结果?( )
2016年12月英语六级听力模拟试题及答 案第二套 SectionA 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11．A)Take her to another hike． B)Go hiking again next week． C)Plananother rally for next week． D)Go to the rally when it takes place again． 12．A) He is looking for a better employment in New York．B1 He’slooking forward to working in New York． C)Hehopes to work in the same place． D1 Heexpects his company to move to New York．13．A)Seeing a doctor． B)Having the dinner． C)Givinga lecture． D)Studying in some place． 14．A)The man will be punished for his lateness．
B)ProfessorLee is always punctual． C)Thewoman thinks that the man is playing a joke on her． D)Thewoman suggests the man give a watch to Professor Lee． 15．A)Have a sound sleep right away． B)Try something less sweet． C)Visitthe College Board． D)See the campus．doctor． 16．A)They are a bargain worth buying． B)They are of poor quality． C)Theyare available everywhere． D)They are over priced． 17．A)He decided not to sell the piano． B)He found a place to store the piano． C)No onehas bought the piano． D)He'll post notices at local stores． 18．A)It is going to be sunny with breeze． B)It is going to be cloudy with heavy wind． C)It isgoing to be hot，humid and gloomy． D)It is going to be very cold． Conversation One 19．A)The one with the lowest price．
一、单项选择题（在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。每小题2分，共40分） 1、串的长度是（）。 A、串中不同字母的个数 B、串中不同字符的个数 C、串中所含字符的个数，且大于0 D、串中所含字符的个数 2、若用数组S[1..n]作为两个栈S1和S2的共同存储结构，对任何一个栈，只有当S全满时才不能作入栈操作。为这两个栈分配空间的最佳方案是（）。 A、S1的栈底位置为0，S2的栈底位置为n+1 B、S1的栈底位置为0，S2的栈底位置为n/2 C、S1的栈底位置为1，S2的栈底位置为n D、S1的栈底位置为1，S2的栈底位置为n/2 3、队列操作的原则是（）。 A、先进先出 B、后进先出 C、只能进行插入 D、只能进行删除 4、有64个结点的完全二叉树的深度为（）（根的层次为1）。 A、8 B、7 C、6 D、5 5、在有n个结点的二叉链表中，值为非空的链域的个数为（）。 A、n-1 B、2n-1
C、n+1 D、2n+1 6、带权有向图G用邻接矩阵A存储，则顶点i的人度等于A中（）。 A、第i行非∞的元素之和 B、第i列非∞的元素之和 C、第i行非∞且非0的元素个数 D、第i列非∞且非0的元素个数 7、在有n个结点且为完全二叉树的二叉排序树中查找一个键值，其平均比较次数的数量级为（）。 A、0(n) B、0(log2n) C、0(nolg2n) D、0(n2) 8、若表R在排序前已按键值递增顺序排列，则（）算法的比较次数最少。 A、直接插入排序 B、快速排序 C、归并排序 D、选择排序 9、下列排序算法中，（）排序在某趟结束后不一定选出一个元素放到其最终的位置上。 A、选择 B、冒泡 C、归并 D、堆
2019 英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案（ 3 ）Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to the generic-drugs ( 普通药物 ) industry as a savior. In November Japan's finance ministry issued a report complaining that the country's use of generics was less than a third of that in America or Britain. In the same month Canada's competition watchdog criticized the country's pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs. That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year. Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into drug giants in the European Union. The report reached a damning~, though provisional, conclusion：the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law (a final report is due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU's competition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows. One strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the "patent duster( 专利群 )". A firm keen to defend its drug due to go off-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new
学习-----好资料 数据结构模拟试题一 一、判断题（每小题1 分，共15分） 1.计算机程序处理的对象可分为数据和非数据两大类。 2.全体自然数按大小关系排成的序列是一个线性表。 3.在描述单向链表的结点类型时，必须首先描述数值字段，然后再描述指针字段。 4.顺序栈是一种规定了存储方法的栈。 5.树形结构中的每个结点都有一个前驱。 6.在任何一棵完全二叉树中，最多只有一个度为1的分支结点。 7.若某顶点是有向图的根，则该顶点的入度一定是零。 8.如果某图的邻接矩阵有全零的行，没有全零的列，则该图一定是有向图。 9.用一维数组表示矩阵可以节省存储空间。 10.广义表的长度与广义表中含有多少个原子元素有关。 11.分块查找的效率与线性表被分成多少块有关。 12.散列表的负载因子等于存入散列表中的结点个数。 13.在起泡排序过程中，某些元素可能会向相反的方向移动。 14.按某种逻辑关系组织起来的记录的集合称为逻辑记录。 15.索引非顺序文件的特点是索引表中的索引项不一定按关键字大小有序排列。 二、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1.顺序表是一种_____________线性表。 2.若用Q[1]~Q[m]作为非循环顺序队列的存储空间，则对该队列最多只能执行___次插入操作。 3.栈和队列的区别在于________的不同。 4.在高度为h(h≥0)的二叉树中至少有___个结点，至多有___个结点。 5.若用二叉链表来存储具有m个叶子，n个分支结点的树，则二叉链表中有___个左指针域为空的结点，有___个右指针域为空的结点。 6.n个顶点的有根有向图中至少有___条边，至多有___条边。 7.10行20列矩阵若用行优先顺序表来表示，则矩阵中第8行第7列元素是顺序表中第___个元素。 8.在各元素查找概率相等的情况下，用顺序查找方法从含有12个元素的有序表中查找一个元素，元素间的平均比较次数是_____。 9.在归并两个长度为m的有序表时，排序码的比较次数至少是___次，至多是___次。 10.在高度为3的6阶B-树中，至少有___个关键字，至多有___个关键字。 三、选择题（每题2分，共30分） 1.计算机所处理的数据一般具有某种内在联系性，这是指________。 A．元素和元素之间存在某种关系B．数据和数据之间存在某种关系 C．元素内部具有某种结构D．数据项和数据项之间存在某种关系 2. 假设顺序表目前有4个元素，第i个元素放在R[i]中，1≤i≤4 。若把新插入元素存入R[6]，则________。 A．会产生运行错误B．R[1]~R[6]不构成一个顺序表 C．顺序表的长度大于顺序表元素个数，会降低存储空间利用率 D．顺序表元素序号和数组元素下标不一致，会给使用带来麻烦 3. 设H是不带表头结点循环单向链表的表头指针，P是和H同类型的变量。当P指向链表最后
数据结构模拟卷(含答案)经典习题
练习题 一、单项选择题 1. 若将数据结构形式定义为二元组(K，R)，其中K是数据元素的有限集合，则R是K上( ) A. 操作的有限集合 B. 映象的有限集合 C. 类型的有限集合 D. 关系的有限集合 2. 在长度为n的顺序表中删除第i个元素(1≤i≤n)时，元素移动的次数为( ) A. n-i+1 B. i C. i+1 D. n-i 3. 若不带头结点的单链表的指针为head，则该链表为空的判定条件是( ) A. head==NULL B. head->next==NULL C. head!=NULL D. head->next==head 4. 引起循环队列队头位置发生变化的操作是( ) A. 出队 B. 入队 C. 取队头元素 D. 取队尾元素 5. 若进栈序列为1，2，3，4，5，6，且进栈和出栈可以穿插进行，则不．可能出现的出栈序列是( ) A. 2，4，3，1，5，6 B. 3，2，4，1，6，5 C. 4，3，2，1，5，6 D. 2，3，5，1，6，4
6. 字符串通常采用的两种存储方式是( ) A. 散列存储和索引存储 B. 索引存储和链式存储 C. 顺序存储和链式存储 D. 散列存储和顺序存储 7. 数据结构是（） A．一种数据类型 B．数据的存储结构 C．一组性质相同的数据元素的集合 D．相互之间存在一种或多种特定关系的数据元素的集合 8. 算法分析的目的是（） A．辨别数据结构的合理性 B．评价算法的效率 C．研究算法中输入与输出的关系 D．鉴别算法的可读性 9. 在线性表的下列运算中，不．改变数据元素之间结构关系的运算是 （） A．插入B．删除 C．排序D．定位10. 下列图示的顺序存储结构表示的二叉树是( )
英语六级阅读理解训练 18. Australia1 An island country, a whole continent, Australia has a remarkably cohesive personality and onewhich, much to our surprise, is markedly foreign. It is no longer the infant colony, peopled byBritish convicts2 and pioneers, but a maturing, perhaps still somewhat adolescent individual,ruggedly steering a vital new course in life. Australia is a sprawl of rock and desert, fringed with lush valleys, snow fields, coralspectaculars, storm-stabbed cliffs and rolling beaches, a land rich in minerals, colors, curiousflora 3, 230 species of mammals4 , 700 of birds, 400 of reptiles, 70 of amphibia, 2, 200 of fishand 50 , 000 species of insects — and seemingly infinite space . Australia is becoming therichest country in the world, materially. Total area of the continent is about half as big as Europe, or 25 times the size of Britain andIreland. Population is bunched mainly in coastal cities, the biggest of which are capitals of thecountry’s states and the federal capital Canberra5 . Canberra is a model of a planned gardencity and is the seat of a major university. It is smallish in size , but big in importance. Sydney isthe largest city, and commercial capital of the country. Throughout the country, the basic accommodation unit is the motel, a flat prefabricated6sprawl of bedrooms. But prices are reasonable and, most important, the rooms are excellentand equipped usually with air-conditioning, a refrigerator and tea and coffee making facilities.Bath tubs are rare, as Australians prefer the convenience and hygiene of a shower. Porterageand other services are rare , as Australians don’t like doing a job which smacks of7 servility.After all, this is the land of equality and opportunity. 阅读自测 Ⅰ. Are the sesta tements True or False according to the article? 1. Australia is as big as Europe , or 25 times the size of Britain and Ireland. 2. Canberra is notonly the capital but also the biggest city of