考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .
【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。
3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.
【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。
【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates 的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。
4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。
【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语)：一个是the role (of smaller economic firms，of national businessmen) ，另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。
5. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
【译文】当然，人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。
【分析】此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly 和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外要特别注意句中的双重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。
6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
【译文】相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
【分析】本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定语从句(which now more than ever seem in ample supply) 修饰spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是critic，publisher和journalist。spectacles在文中意为“壮观景象”，有一定的反讽意味。
7. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.
【译文】这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了；而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。
【分析】这是一个简单句，主干是this does not mean，后面接了三个并列的that从句作mean的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。
8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.
【译文】对抱负的攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解的则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。
【分析】此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句，后面的一个分句中有一个where引导的定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders，只不过先行词用了where。
9. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
【译文】对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任，其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。
【分析】本句的主干是一个not…but… 结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy和the daily clash。本句的主干是The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。
10. Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
【译文】幸好，如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险，一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿人的损失。大约从20世纪80年代初开始，陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客的不幸负责。
【分析】句子本身并不复杂，两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，or so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是or the thinking has gone so(或者说人们是这么想的)。
11. If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.
【译文】如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。
【分析】本句是一个虚拟语句。it代表上文提到的a troubled business，即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语it跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look for reporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender是插入语，作program的定语。
12. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
【译文】对于这样的人，以及更多也许不太出色的人而言，恰当的行为准则是：“不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
【分析】For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional是句子的状语，主语是the proper formulation，谓语是系动词is，表语是引号里的内容。
13. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
【译文】在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中，跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。
【分析】本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate是名词，意为“分支机构”，此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语；account for是“……的原因”；economies在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。
14. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands .
【译文】我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的：运输通信费用下降；贸易与投资障碍减少；市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。
【分析】本句是一个嵌套宾语从句，不过也并不难理解。主句是I believe that，that后面是Ibelieve的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是same，即the same that underlie the globalization process。冒号的内容则进一步说明globalization process的内容。
15. And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations,as in the US vs. Microsoft case ?
【译文】在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？
【分析】此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case是issues的补语。on issues 是take upon itself the role的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句，另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指“对垒，对阵”，在法律的情景中就是“起诉，对簿公堂”的意思。
16. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
【译文】旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有很大差别。
【分析】这个句子的主语是An education，后面that引导的从句既是主语的定语，表语是a technical education。过去分词justified引导的短语修饰a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定语。
17. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
【译文】我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。
【分析】这个句子的难点在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character… outside of himself。这里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一个who 引导的定语从句；该定语从句是主从复合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导的宾语从句。
18. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【译文】另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。
【分析】这里的主语this指的是前面所说的professional training，后面不定式短语中动词produce的宾语是professional，前面的成分是修饰这个词的短语，接着是地点状语，其中country带了两个修饰成分：前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours，后一个是where引导的定语从句，这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词：is和involves，后面都用了相似的结构so many，表示强调。
19. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
【译文】他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
【分析】这是一个长句，主语是he，谓语是ordered和asked。现在分词短语( Declaring that… to clone humans ) 作伴随状语，其中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。Ordered后跟了一个宾语从句，asked后跟了一个名词短语，它由过去分词chaired修饰，其中含一个表示目的的不定式。
20. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
【译文】一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称“我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。
【分析】本句中a lateral move是主语，promoted是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语，although，…with my family是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。
21. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
【译文】奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。
【分析】本句主干是my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。注意抓句子的主干，其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term “downshifting”看不懂可以跳过去。当然，如果我们对英语的预感较好，就可以猜测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。
22. But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.
【译文】但是，对一小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
【分析】该句是个主从复合句，前面for引导的短语表示的是对象，注意主句的表语the way跟了一个不定式to go，从句由since引导，这个从句的主干结构是skills… can be the difference，其中difference带了一个介词短语between… and…，and后面的not可以补足为not having a job。all other factors being equal是一个独立主格结构，在本句中作为插入短语，起到限制的作用。
23. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
【译文】我从一个“全力以赴”的生活哲学——在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹这种生活方式——的积极倡导者，一改而成为随遇而安的女人。
【分析】该句的主干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosoph y of “have it all” … into a woman。preached by… magazine是过去分词短语，作the philosophy of “have it all”的定语，插在from…into之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其他照原文顺序翻译。
24. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,and
making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
【译文】我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。
【分析】本句中as perhaps Kelsey will…引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间的分割。as引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover，是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning…and making…并列的动名词短语；谓语为bring sth with sth结构，只是因宾语过长，而把with短语提前了。
25. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
【译文】汤姆进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
【分析】句子的主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句：一是that language imprisons the mind，一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。注意：句中imprison the mind不能译成“把大脑(或思想) 关进牢房”，只能译成“禁锢思想(或思维)”。
26. These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovan`s vocation as well.
【译文】互联网已经改变了购书和寄信这样的日常活动，如今也正在改变多诺万所从事的职业。
【分析】句子的主干是the Net…is reshaping Donovan`s vocation，由which引导的非限定性定语从句(which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail)用来补充说明the Net。
27. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
【译文】反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅是一个理想，而且是一种意识形态。
【分析】此句是一个简单句，主干是The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media…a commercial culture。with it中的it是指the emergence of mass media。另外，in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology是一个定语从句，修饰a commercial culture。
28. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway`s Cottage,Shakespeare`s birthplace and the other sights.
【译文】也有一些市镇居民很大程度上依靠游客生活，这些游客不是来看戏剧的，而是游览安娜.海瑟威的小屋、莎士比亚诞生地以及其他景点的。
【分析】定语从句(who largely live off the tourists) 修饰the townsfolk，而该定语从句的宾语the tourists的后面又跟了另一个定语从句。注意，不能把not to see the plays的主语看作是the townsfolk。
29. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.
【译文】根据他们最近在《自然》杂志上发表的文章，大型食肉的海洋生物（一种杀死和吃其它动物的生物）的捕获量在不到15年的时间里已经减少了80%。
【分析】句子的结构比较简单，但要注意数字的表述，而这正是考试的内容。在新渔场开始捕鱼的15年之内，大型捕食动物的生物量平均减少80%，而在此之后又减少了一半，即剩下的20%又减少了一半，因而应该只剩下10%了。
30. But this was not always the case；before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.
【译文】但是情况并不总是如此；在法律要求所有儿童在一定年龄之前必须上学，人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就不适合接受这种教育。
【分析】全句由两个分句组成，前后用分号隔开。在第二个分句的主句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education。it was widely accepted意为“人们普遍认为”。
31. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀，因此介于现在和过去这一段时间，海洋生物量的真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变化更要糟糕。
【分析】这是一个因果复合句，前半句是原因，后半句表示结果。而在表示原因的从句中，宾语较为复杂，of后面跟了一个主语从句，其主句又是一个主语从句。what is in the sea 是一种婉转的说法，即海洋中的生物，或文中所说的生物量(biomass) 。另外，注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一个过去分词结构，修饰the one(即the actual biomass)。
32. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
【译文】有些鱼因此并没有被捕获，因为没有更多的带饵鱼钩来捕获它们，这就导致低估过去的鱼量。
【分析】这是一个因果复合句，主句是Some individuals would therefore not have been caught。leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past作从句的状语。
33. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
【译文】届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视聊天节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。
【分析】本句的主干结构是There will be television chat show… and cars…。过去分词结构hosted by robots修饰television chat shows，而限制性定语从句(that will disable them when they offend)则修饰前面的pollution monitors，状语从句(when they offend) 是限制性定语从句的状语。
34. NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely,and possibly that it be made law.
【译文】NBAC会要求将克林顿所颁布的在90天内禁止联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令无限期地延续下去，还可能要求将之立法。
【分析】这个句子的主语是NBAC，谓语ask后面是两个并列的宾语从句，找出ask 的两个宾语从句是理解这个句子的关键，同时注意虚拟语气的运用，明白谓语动词为什么用be动词原形。在第一个从句中，主语是ban，谓语是be extended，即the 90-day ban should be extended。在第二个从句中，it指代the ban on federal funds for human cloning。
35. In a draft preface to the recommenddations, discussed at the 17 May meeting,Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”
【译文】在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。
【分析】这个简单句的主干其实就是Shapiro suggested that从句。主语前面的部分是该句的状语，其中recommendations后面的过去分词结构是表明时间的修饰成分。主句的宾语从句中包含了一个consensus的同位语从句，解释的是consensus的内容，这个同位语从句中的it充当的是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。该句的主要信息集中的两个地方：一个是the panel…found… consensus…，另一个是对于consensus的解释，尤其是对其中形式主语的理解。
1. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 【译文】事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。 【析句】这是一个主从复合句，主语是it isn't，省略了表语，完整的说法是it isn't a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一个表示原因的状语从句，其表语an agreed account of human rights跟了一个定语从句which is something the world doesn't have。注意状语从句中的主语it指代上文的the question，it assumes意思是“这种问题(问法)是假定的”。 【讲词】account一词的正确理解是翻译的关键。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。 agreed意为“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(这是股票交易的约定价格。)They met at the agreed time.(他们按约定时间见面。) 2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 【译文】有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 【析句】Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，宾语是一个从句，介词短语as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定语。 【讲词】social contract意为“社会契约”，也可译为“民约论”或“社会契约论”，指社会成员之间或政府与人民之间确定和限制各自权利和义务的协议。 duty意为“义务，职责”，与obligation和responsibility同义。obligation通常指特定原因而产生的具体限制，responsibility强调履行义务，duty指出于道德或伦理的考虑而受到的限制。 entitle的基本意思是“给……题名,给……称号;给予……权利; 使……有资格(做某事)”。 I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得赞扬。) The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(这本书的名称是《癌症自然疗法》。) The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我们国家的公务员享受免费医疗。)而entitlements意为“权利”。 3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all. 【译文】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。 【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作时间状语。冒号后面的成分是对主句进一步说明，其宾语是一个that引导的从句，而在这个从句中，either…or…是一个介词短语，作方式状语。
考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句
本句为多重复合句，句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order，stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语，说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句，从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three，作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句，表语是whether引导的表语从句。
考研英语（二）长难句讲解 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f15617044.html,lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. 【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。” 2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. 【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。 3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. 【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源：文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点，数不清的生词，看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿，所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量，而在这之前很多情况下，她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样，攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语，这是基础，是盖房所需的砖瓦，然后再攻克句法，拿下房屋结构，这样再对照参考译文，以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理，静下心来好好分析，好好学习，争取早日拿下长难句，拿下考研英语！加油！
2019考研英语：长难句解析（97）_毙考题 考研英语的复习从来不是一朝一夕的事儿，尤其是对于那些八百年没看过英语的同学来说!所以，从今天起，长难句基础搞起来~下面， 毙考题小编将会继续为大家整理一些重点的长难句解析，以前的内容也要多加巩固啊!老铁们~ ( 2009年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第3段第2句) In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 译文：实际上，我们尝试的新事物越多离自己的舒适区越远我们在工作中和生活中的内在创造力就越大。 分析：本句的句式结构是the more the more 。主句为the more inherently creative we become，the more new things we try是条件状语从句。这个结构的句式运用了倒装，主句的自然语序应为we becomemore inherently creative，所以该句是倒装的主语(we)+系动词(become)+表语(creative) 结构。 词汇指南 step[step](n.)脚步;步伐;步骤(v.)跨(步);踏(脚)(中考词汇)(笔者认为，step一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似脚踩踏地面的声音脚步;步伐，引申为步骤。) 1个扩展词： ●overstep [,o?v?r`step ](v.)踏过,逾越;超出的限度(超纲词汇)(2013年-阅读4)(over-超越,在上面，step-脚步脚步从上面越过即踏过,逾越，引申为超出的限度。) comfort [ k?mf?t](n.)安慰,慰藉;舒适(vt.)安慰,慰藉;使舒适(高考词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(com-共同,一起;完全，fort-由force-力量和heart内心组合而来一种能够完全平复人心灵的力量即安慰,慰藉，引申为舒适。)
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(100) 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 3 第2段第4句 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. 译文：我们将这种售出媒介定义为访问量巨大、足以吸引其他机构把内容或电子商务引擎放在上面的自有媒介。 分析：本句的主干为We define such sold media…。宾语后面由as引导的所有内容都是宾语补足语，用于说明such sold media的性质和特征。whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词owned media。该定语从句中包含一个so…that…句型，that引导的从句是该定语从句的结果状语，其中主语为other organizations，谓语为place ，宾语为their content or e-commerce engines，后面还跟了一个地点状语within that environment。 词汇指南 traffic [ tr?fik](n.)交通,通行;交通量(中考词汇)(2011年-阅读3)(traf=drift-漂流,漂泊，fic-词根,做→ 最早的交通方式就是驾船在水上做漂流——即交通,通行，引申出交通量。) e-commerce [ i:k?m?:s](n.)电子商务(超纲词汇)(2011年-阅读3、2013年-阅读2)(e=electron-电子，commerce-贸易,商业→ 电子商务) engine[ end?in](n.)发动机,引擎;火车头(高考词汇)(2012年-阅读3、2011年-阅读3)(有学者认为，enɡine 一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似摩托车发动机高速运转时所发出的声音。) 1个派生词： ●enɡineer [,end?i ni?](n.)技师,工程师(vt.)建造，操纵;策划，设计(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读1)(enɡine-发动机，er-表人→ 能够熟练操作发动机的人——即技师,工程师。) 考点搭配：nuclear engineering 核技术，核工程(2007年-阅读1) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背 阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法，再给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。 一、长难句一般应对策略 1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句 应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层展开 2.句子中带有长长的插入成分：用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份，或解释、说明前面的内容 应对方法：理解句子主干时，先不理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分 3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰 应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语、独立主格结构等，可以先跳过不看 4. 三种情况的混合 应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主句和分词状语，再根据主句与从句之间的连接词，区分出主句和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次理解 二、特殊句型 对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，可以将其理解成一种反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构，要学会寻找第二部分，因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在not…but…之中，重点在but…之后。 三、具体句子 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded
句子一： For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell... 2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able 3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 第三、词的处理： hey 指示代词，测试 compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 ell 说明 underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的
https://www.doczj.com/doc/6f15617044.html,/menu/201209/198057.shtml 2012 1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial. 【分析】复合句。主句主干为justices acted。in several instances 和in ways作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰ways。 【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。 【临摹】不同于硅谷的那些企业，印度这些公司在思路上可能更有创意。 2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements. 【分析】复合句，主句为That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that 引导的名词性从句。 【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。 【词法拓展】
it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰the code of conduct。 【译文】至少，法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。 4. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. 【分析】复合句。主句为They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。 【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。 5. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property. 【分析】复合句。主句为Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句；其中分词短语rooted in... 作定语修饰choices, 介词短语like liberty and property 修饰concepts。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档
历年考研英语真题长难句解析
历年考研英语真题长难句解析 1. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 【译文】这不是昙花一现。在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。 【析句】这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。在第一句中，no可以用not a代替。在后一个句子中，inflation 是主语，lower是谓语系动词的表语， than expected和in Britain and America，以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介词短语作状语。 【讲词】a flash in the pan意为"昙花一现的人或事"。Many people believe that the young singer is a flash in the pan.(许多人认为那位歌手红不了多久。) When I first heard the news,I too dismissed it as a flash in the pan.(我一开始听到这个消息时，也认为这事长不了。) 2. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially America's,have little productive slack. 【译文】经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时
1.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. 2.Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans are imbued with the notion that the free, self-reliant individual is the ideal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of American behavior and thinking that otherwise might not make sense. 3. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trust worthy and reliable. 4. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician -assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good o ne that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text4) 5. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4) 6. He points out that he always expected much difficulty in expressing himself
历年考研英语真题长难句解析(五) 13.But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. 句子主干：But he talked as well about …, and he announced that… 语法难点：该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。 句子翻译：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要努力保持均衡这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准 翻译技巧：虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。 14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. 句子主干：Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before 语法难点：有省略。 close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was.Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising,是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was,这样显得简洁得多。 句子翻译：七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%,比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。 翻译技巧：the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是跌落至……的意思。 15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America''s, have little productive slack. 句子主干：Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…, and especially…, have … 语法难点：主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。 句子翻译：特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。 翻译技巧：favorable表示的是非常好的，不是非常喜欢的，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是生产滑坡的意思。 句子翻译：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 翻译技巧：in every relevant respect译成各相关方面，不要把respect 译成尊重；extremists为极端主义者；let outside the area of moral choice译成不在道德范围内，不关乎道德.
1. Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States. 在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。 2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. 野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。 3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics；can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have；can improve the nutritional value of products；and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers. 转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。 4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing：it ‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables，but dinner tables. 使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。 5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed. “写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。 6. There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. 但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。 7. Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself. 参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。 8. Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data. 在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。 9. Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.