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口译分类

口译分类
口译分类

口译

一、一般陪同

是指陪客户参观工厂、游玩观光、外宾接待、接机,口语基本交流,不会涉及专业性。(没有会议形式)

二、商务陪同

是指在客户公司陪同外方介绍公司、产品及业务沟通等,包括与外方现场考察讲解。(没有会议形式,但会涉及专业易难度)

三、商务谈判

是涉及中外方的合作,是两家企业基于合作的立场进行谈判,是一个小型会议,但这个会议不一定是在会议室,也会有在酒店大堂、咖啡厅等,然后带一堆资料的。

商务谈判还分一种技术交流会及推广会:企业内部技术交流与推广,一般都是外资公司,总部来人进行技术讲解,这个基本接近于交传,而且要求比较高。(会议形式)

四、香港、澳门地区的口译(不同性质跟内地的一样)

应客户要求,安排有港澳通行证且在有效期的译员进行口译,由于不是每个人都可以随时出到香港、澳门,且由于香港、澳门当地物价高,口译费用比内地的要相对高一些,对于有效证件、报价及专业这一块,业务和计划都需注意。

五、出国口译(不同性质跟内地的一样)

应客户要求,安排国内有护照且在有效期的译员到国外进行口译,由于不是每个人都可以随时出到国外,且由于国外物价高,口译费用比内地的要相对高一些,另外,出国前必须是要办下邀请函才可以签证出国,对于有效证件、报价、客户的邀请函及专业这一块,业务和计划都需注意。

六、展会口译

展会口译分为:参展翻译及展位翻译。区别在于参展翻译是陪采购商到每个展位走动,到处看,这个比较辛苦一些;而展位翻译是在展位上不动,为展商提供翻译服务。

七、交替传译

是指在客户公司或在酒店进行一个中型会议,会见会谈,台上有演讲人,台下有中外方观众在听。(交传即源语言发言人讲话时口译员作笔记,然后在源语言发言人停顿时以另一种语言表达该讲话,反之循环。)

交传分为:记者招待会,讲座,专题研讨会,企业内部高层会议。(会议形式)

交替传译,即consecutive interpreting,是会议口译使用最早的工作模式,如今主要用于会见会谈、新闻发布等范围小、时间短、语种少的场合。口译员坐在会议室里,一面听源语讲话,一面记笔记,当讲者发言结束或停下来等候传译的时候,口译员用清楚、自然的目的语,准确、完整地重新表达源语发言的全部内容,就像自己在演讲一样。会议口译中的交替翻译要求口译员能够听取长达五至十分钟连续不断的讲话,并运用良好的演讲技巧,完整、准确地译出其全部内容。

交替传译(Consecutive Interpretation),也称连续传译,即源语言发言人讲话时口译员作笔记,然后在源语言发言人停顿时以另一种语言表达该讲话。在国际联盟时代,所有演讲都以交替传译的形式翻译。有些口译员具有非常出色的掌控技能,可以作30分钟的笔记,并以另一种语言完整清晰地表达演讲的内容。

与同传相比,交传要求更长的瞬间记忆能力,对精确度的要求更为苛刻,交传所遇到的专业性也比同传要强。交传作为一门独立的学科,有其自身的特点和规律。

交替传译是否比同声传译容易?

无论交替传译还是同声传译,其目的均在于让使用不同语言的人能够实现清晰、无障碍的即时沟通。会议口译层次上的交替传译和同声传译并没有高低难易之分,两种口译模

式相辅相成,且其功能以及对质量的要求是完全相同的。称职的会议口译员应当掌握两种模式的口译技能。

就两种口译模式的使用情况而言,交替传译多用于规模较小且只涉及两种工作语言的场合,如外交会晤、双边谈判、访问考察、小范围磋商、记者采访、司法和准司法程序、宴会致词、新闻发布会以及时间短的小型研讨会等。而同声传译,由于其具有不占用会议时间的优势,已发展成为会议口译中最常用的模式,广泛应用于各种国际场合。几乎所有正式的国际多语言会议以及国际组织(如联合国和欧盟)都采用了同传作为标准口译模式。

会议口译中的交替传译要求口译员能够听取长达五至十分钟连续不断的讲话,并运用良好的演讲技巧,完整、准确地译出其全部内容。会议口译层次上的交替传译和同声传译并没有高低难易之分,两种口译模式相辅相成,且其功能以及对质量的要求是相同的。

八、同声传译

是指在客户公司或在酒店进行一个大型会议,台上有多个演讲人,台下有中外方观众在听,根据接收机收听同传译员翻译内容(同传即是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下,不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众,反之循环。)(会议形式)

同声传译,简称同传(simultaneous interpretation),又称同声翻译、同步口译。是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下,不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种口译方式。优点

同声传译的最大优点在于效率高,可以保证讲话者作连贯发言,不影响或中断讲话者的思路,有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。同声传译是当今世界流行的一种翻译方式,具有很强的学术性和专业性,通常用于正式的国际会议。目前,世界上95%的国际会议采用的都是同声传译的方式。特点是讲者连续不断地发言,

而译者是边听边译,原文与译文翻译的平均间隔时间是三至四秒,最多达到十多秒。译者仅利用讲者两句之间稍歇的空隙完成翻译工作,因此对译员素质要求非常高。

要求

同声传译是一种受时间严格限制难度极高的语际转换活动,它要求译员在听辨源语讲话的同时,借助已有的主题知识迅速完成对源语信息的预测、理解、记忆、转换和目的语的计划、组织、表达、监听与修正,同步说出目的语译文,因此同声传译又叫同步口译。在各种国际会议上,同传译员以“闪电般的思维”和令人叹服的口译技巧,成功克服上述多重任务(multi-tasking)间的交织、重叠和干扰给大脑造成的能量短缺和注意力分配困难,使听和说并行不悖,成为与源语发言人一样令人瞩目的明星。根据AIIC(国际会议口译员协会)的规定,同传译员只要翻译出演讲者内容的80%就已经算是合格了(同传译员翻译出演讲内容的90%、100%当然也有可能),因为很多人平时说话非常快,演讲时又只顾及自己的演讲内容或带各地的口音,同传译员只好调动自己的一切知识储备和经验来全力以赴。那些有意放慢速度照顾同传译员的演讲者毕竟不是太多,这就对从业者的素质提出了极高的要求。

形式

同声传译是指口译员利用专门的同声传译设备,坐在隔音的同传室,俗称“箱子”里,一面通过耳机收听源语发言人连续不断的讲话,一面几乎同步地对着话筒把讲话人所表达的全部信息内容准确、完整地翻译成目的语,其译语输出通过话筒

输送。需要传译服务的与会者,可以通过接收装置,调到自己所需的语言频道,从耳机中收听相应的译语输出。

应用领域

这一专门职业虽然叫做“会议口译”,但是除了广泛应用于国际会议之外,也广泛应用于外交外事、会晤谈判、商务活动、新闻传媒、培训授课、电视广播、国际仲裁等诸多领域。就两种口译模式的使用情况而言,交替传译多用于规模较小且只涉及两种工作语言的场合,如外交会晤、双边谈判、访问考察、小范围磋商、记者采访、司法和准司法程序、宴会致词、新闻发布会,以及一些小型研讨会等。而同声传译,由于其具有不占用会议时间的优势,已发展成为会议口译中最常用的模式,广泛应用于各种国际场合。几乎所有正式的国际多语言会议以及国际组织(如联合国和欧洲联盟)都采用了同传作为标准口译模式。联合国官方正式使用的语言只有6种,按英文字母顺序为阿拉伯语、汉语、英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语。6种语言同等有效,代表们发言时可以任意选用其中一种。联合国秘书处日常使用的工作语言,则有英语和法语两种,实际上英语使用更广泛。

凡是联合国的正式会议,代表们的发言都要在现场用阿、汉、英、法、俄、西6种语言“同声传译”。正式文件,包括重要发言,都要用6种文字印出,因而每次正式会议都必须安排6种语言的翻译,不得有任何疏漏。

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校友 alumnus(man) / alumma(woman) 新闻界的熟人 journalistic acquaintance 野餐会 picnic party 招待 entertain 招待会 reception/ entertainment party 招待所 hostel/ lodging house 注目礼 eye salute 祝你胃口好! Bon appetite![/face] 2在机场 At the Airport 安全检查 security check 班车 shuttle bus 办理海关例行手续 go through cusotoms formalities 包机 charter a plane 出境签证 make a customes declaration 出租车候车处 taxi stand 到达时间 arrival time 登机卡 boarding pass 国宾 state guestes 过境签证 transit visa 海关 the customes 海关行李申报单 customes baggage declaration form 候机大厅 waiting hall 机场大楼 terminal building

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