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中考英语知识点汇总之介词和介词短语

中考英语知识点汇总之介词和介词短语
中考英语知识点汇总之介词和介词短语

一、

中考必备知识点汇总之介词和介词短语

一、介词的定义

介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。对于介词的考查,更多会放在动词短语或形容词短语中综合考查,单独的针对介词的考查较少出现。在学习过程中,要牢记教材中出现的动词及形容词与介词搭配的短语。

二.介词及介词短语的句法功能

成分说明例句

状语多放在动词后或置于句末或

句首She works very hard in our office.她在我们办公室工作十分努力。

定语一般放在名词或代词后,作

后置定语The football behind the door is mine·门后面的足球是我的。

表语位于be动词或系动词之后Is your uncle still in good health?你叔叔身体还

好吧?

宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后We found the map quite out of date.我们发现这

张地图已经完全过时了。

三.介词(短语)的分类

1.表示时间的介词(短语)

at 用在具体的时间点之前。e.g. at five o’clock

in 用在年,月,季节之前,用在表泛指的上午。下午、晚上之前。e.g.in July、in the afternoon

on 用在星期之前,用在具体某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。e.g. on the afternoon of July 2nd

after 表示“在……之后”,反义词是before。

before 表示“在……之前”。除了可以用作介词之外,before还可以做连词和副词。

until 表示“直到”,not until意为“直到……才”。

since 表示“自从”,后跟表示过去的时间点时,通常和现在完成时连用。

during 表示“在……期间”。e.g.during the speech

from 和to搭配,from...to...表示“从……到……”。e.g. from 3:30 to 5:30

by 表示“在……之前”“不迟于”。e.g. by five o’clock

2.表示方位的介词

at 用在比较小的地点之前。e.g. arrive at the airport

in 用在表较大的地点之前。e.g. arrive in Beijing 表示“在……里面”。e.g. in the box

in front of 表示“在……前面”。反义词是behind behind 表示“在……后面”。

under 表示“在……下面”。

by 表示“在……旁边;靠近”。e.g. by the window beside 表示“在……旁边”。

near 表示“在……附近”。

next to 表示“靠近;紧挨”。

from 和to搭配,from...to...表示“从……到……”e.g. from Beijing to Shanghai on the left of 表示“在……的左边”。

on the right of 表示“在……的右边”。

【注意】

in是常见的介词,还有如下的用法

in+颜色/服装此时in表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。

in+语言此时in表示“用某种语言”

in+时间段用在一般将来时的句中,该句表示在“早某段时间之后”。

3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词

(1)表示方式

by by+交通工具。

on,in on,in+限定词+交通工具。

(2)表示手段或工具

with 和具体的工具搭配。

by 表示“通过;以……的方式或手段”,其后常跟动名词。

in 和语言,声音等材料搭配

4.其他常考介词的基本用法

for 表示“为了”。e.g. They fought for the country.

of 表示“的”,协助构成所有格形式。e.g. a map of China.

about 表示“关于”。e.g. a book about flowers.

with 表示“和……在一起”。e.g. I live with my parents.

表示“带有,具有”。e.g. a house with a garden

构成固定搭配。e.g. with the help of,agree with,provide sb. with sth.

without 表示“无;没有”。e.g. Fish cannot live without water.

四、常考的易混介词和介词短语

between 表示“在……(两者)之间”。

among 表示“在……(三者或三者之上)之间”。

in front of 表示“在某范围以外的前面”。

in the front of 表示“在某范围以内的前面”。

on 表示“在……上面”,强调表面接触。反义词是beneath。

over 表示“在……上方”,强调在垂直的上面。反义词是under。

above 表示“在……上方”,可能在垂直的上方,也可能不在垂直的上方,只表示上下的位置关系。反义词是below

across 表示“从表面穿过”,通常和road,street,river等搭配。

through 表示“从立体空间穿过”,通常和window,channel,town,city等搭配。over 表示“越过高的物体”,通常和wall,mountain等搭配。

for 后跟时间段,常用来说明动作延续的时间长度。

since 后跟时间点,常用来说明动作起始的时间。

besides 表示“除……之外还有”,表示累计关系。

except 表示“除了”,表示排除关系。

be made of 表示“由……制造”,强调可以看出原材料。

be made from 表示“由……制造”,强调看不出原材料。

be made by 表示“由……(某人)制造”,后面跟人。

be made in 表示“在……(某地)制造”,后跟地点。

be made into 表示“被制成……”,后跟成品。

五、介词(短语)中考考点

考点一

动词+介词:

at:look at laugh at knock at shout at point at

for:pay for look for ask for leave for

on:depend on get on call on pass on go on

with:agree with argue with begin with

about:think about care about worry about

be+形容词+介词:

of:be proud of be full of be afraid of

for:be famous for be ready for be sorry for be late for

in:be interested in be strcit in...

at:be good at be angry at be surprised at

with:be satisfied/pleased with be srict with be angry with

考点二

of sb.和for sb.

It’s +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.

该句型多用于表示人物的性格或品德。其中的形容词多是表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。

It’s adj.+for sb.+to do sth.

该句型多用于表示人物或事物的特征。其中的形容词多是表示客观形势的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting 等。

近五年中考英语常考介词短语

一、at 短语 be angry at sth. 对某事生气 arrive at 到达……(小地方) knock at/on 敲…… at last 最后,终于 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看,注视 at the moment 现在,此时 point at/to 指向 at times 不时 二、after 短语 look after 照看,照顾 name after 以……的名字命名 run after 追赶;追求 三、on 短语 agree on (通过协商)达成共识 call on 拜访,看望 come on 快点儿;加油 on display 在展出 hang on 稍等,别挂断 on holiday 度假,休假 play a joke on 和……开玩笑,戏弄……

keep on 继续 live on 以……为食,靠……生活 put on 穿上;戴上 turn on 打开,旋开(收音机、电灯、煤气等) work on 从事于,致力于 四、to 短语 agree to 同意,答应,接受(计划、建议、条件、安排等)go to bed 上床睡觉 compare...to... 把……与……作比较 from...to... 从……到…… get to 到达 do harm to 对……有害处 lead to 通往;导致 pay attention to 注意 take...to... 把……带到/给…… write to... 写信给…… 五、in 短语 arrive in 到达……(大地方) in danger 在危险中 drop in 顺便拜访 hand in 交上,上交 join in 参加

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14. go on 继续做某事 15. feel like 喜欢做某事 16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事. 17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事. 18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事 19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过…… 20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事. 21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事. 22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)? 23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关 24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事 25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不…… 26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不…… 27. such…..that……如此….. 以致知于不…… 28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间.

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中考英语重点介词短语 归纳 Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

介词重点短语归纳 1. ~ down: put down放下 shut down把…关上 cut down砍掉 come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down坐下 write down写下 get down下来,降落 2. after ~: after all毕竟.终究 after that于是.然后 day after day日复一日地one after another相继.挨次 soon after不久以后 the day after tomorrow后天 3. ~ up (with): come up with找到、提出 catch up with赶上 wake up弄醒、醒来 send up发射 open up开设、开办 grow up长大 pick up拾起、捡起hands up举手 eat up吃光 clean up打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事 4.到达: arrive at/in + n. (地方) =get to +n. (地方) =reach + n. (地方) =arrive / get +adv. (地方) 5. ~ back: get…back退还,送回去.取回 give back归还

come back回来 at the back of在…的后面 on the way (back)home在回家路上 6. at~ : at least至少 at breakfast早餐时 at desk在桌前 at once立刻,马上 at school在上学 at the doctor’s在医务室 at work在工作 at night在晚上 at noon中午 be good at=do well in 善长 be bad at不善长 laugh at嘲笑 not…at all一点也不 at the age of在…岁时 at first起初 at last=in the end=finally最后、终于 at the beginning of (the 21st century)在21世纪初at the end of 在…终点、结尾 at Christmas在圣诞节 at the foot of在…脚下 at the moment= now现在 at any moment任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔 at the same time同时 7. for~ : for example例如 for ever永远 be good for对…有益 be bad for对…有害 for long=for a long time长期 for short 简称 be short for是…的简称

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