名词性从句的写作升级拓展
（1、黄色部分为主要参考的升级条目；
2、主要分三部分：1.基本结构、功能、使用位置、例句；2、单句练习；
3、篇章刻意练习）名词性从句（圆周句）在写作中的应用
主语从句
结构1：It is +adj for sb to do…
结构2：what _____ (counts/matters/impress me)most is that …..
功能：用于描述要点或者细节展开
应用位置：任意要点或细节“头”部
例如：你应该提前到你朋友家里，因为第一次去留下好印象是很重要的。
What counts most is that you arrive at your friend’s home in advance, because it is rather important to impress him positively.
2、模板句
不it goes without saying that…….不用说，，
信I’m fully convinced that……
疑there is no doubt that……
问it is beyond question that……毫无疑问
否no one can deny the fact that……
强it can be emphasized that…….应该强调
智（明智）it is advisable that……
一. 三大从句单句翻译
1. 选择中国画课程是一个明智的选择，我相信这会让你更快了解中国传统文化。(2018湖
北联考)
It is advisable that you choose Chinese painting class, as I’m fully convinced that it will quicken your speed of getting familiar with Chinese traditional culture.
2. 我建议你骑车上学，这样你不但能锻炼身体，还能自由掌控时间。(2018长郡中学) What counts most is that you ride to school, for it can be emphasized that you can both build up your body as well as freely manage your time.
3. 你应该多跟老师交流，征求老师意见，这样你才能尽快适应高中生活。（2018山西联考）You are supposed to ask your teachers for further instructions, it goes without saying that you can fit into high school life as soon as possible
4. “戏剧之夜”活动将在下周五晚在剧院礼堂举办，这个时间对我们都合适。
The “Drama Night” will be h eld next Friday in the theater, and there is no doubt that it is suitable for us.
5. 我强烈建议你毕业后可以来中国工作，因为这里更容易找到你满意的工作（2018衡中一调）
It is advisable that you work in China after graduation, it goes without saying that you are more likely to be accessible to a satisfactory job.
名词性从句刻意练习
用名词性从句写出第二段的要点和细节
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1.到达时间
2.合适的礼物
3.餐桌礼仪
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
To begin with, what matters most is that you arrive at your friend’s home early, for there is no doubt that it will leave a positive first impression on him. Besides, it is advisable that you take proper presents with you, there is no doubt that it can win the host’s favorable feeling for you. Last but not least, it is vitally significant that（重复）you follow some table manners, as it can be emphasized that they are regarded as the basic rules to be a guest in a Chinese family
2020届高三好教育精准培优专练 培优点六名词性从句 一、真题在线 1. 【2019·江苏·单项选择】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 2. 【2018·天津·单项选择】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。 3.【2018·北京·单项选择】This is _________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中作“teach”的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what 引导。D项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”；that只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。 4. 【2018·北京·单项选择】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【答案】C
名词性从句在写作中的运用 一用名词性从句连接下句子: 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet. It worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that _________________________________________________（同位语从句） 2.Mr. Smith said a lot on how to learn English. His words gave us a lot of help. What Mr. Smith said _________________________________________________(主语从句) 二用不同的表达完成句子: (1) 众所周知，昨天是汶川地震三周纪念 ①You all know that it was the third anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake yesterday. =I think it known to you all ________________________________________________ =That it was the third ________________________________________________ =It is known to you all that ________________________________________________ =The fact that ________________________________________________
名词性从句 一、定义 名词性从句，其用法相当于一个名词的用法，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 二、引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 连接代词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语：who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、whosever、which、whichever、what、whatever。 2. 连接副词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语：when、where、why、how。 3. 从属连词：只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分：that、whether、if、as if/though等。【温馨提示】根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether，if和as if都用不上时，才用that做连接词。 【练习一】在空格处填入适当的连接词，然后指出每句分别属于哪种名词性从句。 1. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 同位语从句 2. I am very interested in how he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 宾语从句 3. What we need is more time. 主语从句 4. Please tell me who/whom you are waiting for. 宾语从句 5. No one knew whose dictionary that was. 宾语从句 6. Do you know which is longer, the Changjiang River or the Mississippi? 宾语从句 7. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 主语从句 8. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 主语从句 9. My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 表语从句 10. The reason why he didn’t come this morning was that it was raining heavily. 表语从句 三、名词性从句中需要注意的几大问题 ●当主语时态为一般过去式时，宾语从句的时态通常要与主句保持一致，但如果从句表示的是真理或客观现象，则仍用一般现在时。 1. 我告诉他我马上回来。 I told him (that) I would come back soon. 2. 他说他已经读完这部小说。 He said (that) he had finished reading this novel. 3. 老师说光比声传播快。 The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. ●that引导宾语从句时，很多情况下都可省略，不可省去的情况有： ﹡动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that不能省去。 4. 他说展览会很好，他想再去参观一次。 He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more. ﹡谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省去。 5. 就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的老板穿着他那件漂亮的绿外套。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our boss was wearing his beautiful green coat. ﹡宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语后时，that不能省去 6. 老师建议我们要重视读和写。 The teacher advised us that we should pay attention to reading and writing. ﹡it作形式宾语时，宾补之后引导宾语从句的that不能省去。
中考—名词性从句 主语从句 主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如： What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。 连接词的选用 （1）that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如： What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用 引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。 （4）whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） it构成的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely等词或短语时。 It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
雅思写作名词性从句翻译练习 一主语从句 1.It 开头的主语从句 我们保护野生动物是势在必行的。 人们普遍认为教育在一个国家的发展中发挥着重要的作用。 2.Whether 引导的主语从句 石油价格上升是否可以解决环境问题是一个有争议的话题。 手机给我们带来更多的危害还是好处引起了激烈的争论。 3.What 引导的主语从句 贫穷国家最需要的不是金钱，而是先进的技术和关键领域的人才。 他们所担心的是广告可能会产生的负面影响。 二宾语从句 很多人认为我们已经进入了一个丢弃式社会。（环境）
一些人认为改善公众健康的最好办法就是增加体育设施，其他一些人认为这个方法收效甚微 这篇文章将讨论为什么“幸福”很难定义以及哪些因素会影响幸福的获得。 教授在演讲中谈到了留学生可能会遇到哪些问题以及如何解决 三表语从句 常用句式 1one advantage of something is that…..…的好处主要在于? 2one disadva ntage of someth ing is that ......... 的弊端主要在于 3one cause of something is that ......... :的一个原因在于… 4列举原因的 1.2.3. One reas on of sth. is that … Another factor to be considered is that ….. The last eleme nt is that … 5解决措施的 1.2.3. One possible solutio n is that … Ano ther measure to be take n is that … The last acti on we should take is that … 在城市禁养宠物有很多原因。一个原因是它可能会危害人们的健康，另外一个原因就是会污染环境。
专题7 ：名词性从句 一、概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等 Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、宾、表、补） 连接副词: when, where, how, why, however, wherever（状） 主语从句的用法 一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。 1．That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round 2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注: if不可用来引导主语从句） When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people. 3.常见的it作形式主语的结构
名词性从句写作训练 一、使用正确的连接词填空，使句子完整、通顺 1．My question is we can keep the cold out of the small room in winter. 2．There is no need you get up too early and stay up too late. 3．Word came some people had been affected by the virus. 4．The order is each of them should stay until they are well again. 5．He often lies and that’s his classmates dislike him. 6．The reason why the government shows concern is the affair will surely affect the area in a short term. 二.合并句子 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet.The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.____________________________________________________________________________ 2.Time travel is possible.There is no scientific proof for the idea. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.Mr. Smith said a lot on how to learn English.His words gave us a lot of help. _______________________________________________________ 三.从句语篇练习 1.填空 Everyone knew 1_______Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2_______she came from and 3_______ she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4_______they did know was 5_______she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6 ____ was in need of money. 2.转化句式 1). That we shall be late is certain. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2). I think that we take part in the discussion very important. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3). Clearly, English is more and more important. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4). Someone told us that we would have an English evening next week. But we don’t know when we will hold the evening and where we will hold it. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5). The football match is to begin. But there is a problem. Jack hasn’t come yet. ___________________________________________________________________________ 6). Jack is a leading part of our team. Without him, we are difficult to win the game. So we worry about it. ___________________________________________________________________________ 四.课后练习.
教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期] 任教学科：_____________ 任教年级：_____________ 任教老师：_____________ xx市实验学校
名词性从句讲解（复习课） 一、热点考点回顾 （一）名词性从句定义 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses），名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。（二）名词性从句 1.从句的分类 形容词性从句，即定语从句 状语从句 从句主语从句 名词性从句宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 2.说明： ①名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成份，有不同的叫法。 ②引导名词性从句的连接词主要有： a.从属连词that，无词义，不作句子成分；在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他 名词性从句时通常不省略。 I hope (that) you will enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。 That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。 b.从属连词if，whether（是否）有词义，但不作句子成分。引导宾语从句时，可 换成互换，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if； He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用if 代替whether)
1 名词性从句综合练习 MMYZ 一、选择正确的选项填入空白处 考点一：主语从句 1. It was never clear _____ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why , 2. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 3. _____ comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert. A. Whatever B. Whoever C. No matter what D. No matter who 考点二：宾语从句 1. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which 2. It is not always easy for the public to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life. \ A. whose B. what C. which D. that 3.
We've offered her the job, but I don't know ____ she'll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which 考点三：表语从句 1. I'd like to start my own business — that's _____ I'd do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what 2. I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 》 3. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _____ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 考点四：同位语从句 1. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 2. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming
中考中考英语专题之名词性从句（表从同位从）教师版 学科教师辅导讲义 学员编号：年级：初三课时数： 3 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型C--词汇+翻译拓展训练C--名词性从句（表从+同位从）T--综合练习授课日期时段 教学内容 iii. 表语从句 1. that表语从句 1)常接表语从句的联系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 2)引导表语从句的that不可省略。 2. wh-表语从句 1)当表示“是否”之意时，引导表语从句的连词不能用if，只能用whether。 2)经常见到的句型有that is why，this/ it is because，this is where.等。 专项练习 1.—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? —Oh, that's ____________ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 2. He never works hard. And that's he seldom passes the exams. A. what B. that C. which D. why 3. The reason ________ she gave for not being present was the heavy snow prevented her coming. A. /., because B. why, because C. /, that D. why, whether 4. Air to us is water is to fish. A. what B. that C. which D. is that 5. I don't know ________ i s _______ I was born. A. that, when B. that, what C. that, where D. what, where Keys: 1-5 ADC AC iv. 同位语从句 1. that同位语从句
名词性从句高考真题(2019－2009） 2019高考题 1.（2019·江苏）25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 2.（2019·新课标I）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 3.（2019·北京）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. 2018高考题 1.(2018?北京) Without his support, we wouldn’t be _____ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 2. (2018?北京) This is _____ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 3. (2018?天津)The gold medal will be awarded to ____ wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 4.(2018?江苏)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 2017高考题 1.（2017天津）She asked me_____ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. A. when B. where C. whether D. what 2. (2017江苏)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to＄20, half of _____ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what D. how 3. (2017北京）Every year, _____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 4. (2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _____ she was heading. A. why B. where C. how D. when 2016高考题 1．(2016·浙)I made up my mind I would find out________ was good in my present situation. 2．(2016·浙江)College is ________ you meet your bridesmaids，neighbors，and potential bosses. 3．(2016·江苏)It is often the case ________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 4．(2016·天津)The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 5．(2016·北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____one can be entirely free from dust. 6．(2016·四川)Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds，see through walls，or have superhuman strength may sound silly，but it actually gets to the heart of ______ really matters in your life. 7．(2016·全国Ⅰ)We now realize ________ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children. 8．(2016·全国Ⅱ)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 9．(2016·全国Ⅱ)The journey was intended to achieve more than ________Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 10．(2016·四川)Scientists are still not exactly sure ________genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. 11.（2016北京）Your support is important to our work. you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 12.（2016天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that 2015高考题 1．(2015·江苏)_______ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 2．(2015·湖南)You have to know ______ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 3．(2015·北京)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. 4．(2015·北京)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 5．(2015·浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 6．(2015·陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 7．(2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for. 8．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. (2015·福建) —By working out every day. 9. (2015重庆）We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. A. when B. how C. where D. why 10.(2015四川）The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. A. where B. why C. what D. which 2014高考题 1．(2014·山东)It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 2．(2014·重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that’s one of his favo rite universities. 3．(2014·浙江)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me. 4．(2014·陕西)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 5．(2014·四川)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s ______ I was born.” 6．(2014·大纲)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. 7．(2014·北京)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. 8．(2014·北京)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 9．(2014·天津)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
名词性从句 1.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can loan（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 2.In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before (我比以 前更容易累了)。 3.The prevent and treatment of AIDS is a field where ( in which) we can cooperate. (我们可 以合作的领域). 4.I am going to pursue this course, no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。 5.Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely when they are away from home. That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他仍然活着完全是运气。 That the dog was the first animal to be domesticated is generally agreed upon by authorities in the field. 狗是第一种被驯养的动物，这是该领域里的权威们一致同意的看法。 That the seas are being fished has been known for years. 译文：海洋正在被人们过度捕捞，许多年以来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。 That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. 译文：地球板块是在漂移的，这一点毫无争议。 That such a conjunction of circumstances might occur again soon,especially considering shrinking US defense budgets and diminishing overseas base access, is problematical at best. 译文：至于在近期内能否再次出现这种各个情况巧合的局面，即使是最乐观的看法也是值得怀疑的，尤其是考虑到美国国防预算缩减和海外基地减少的情况。 这句话的语序不是常见的英文惯用语序。按照正常的英文思维的表达应该是It is problematical at best that…,即先表达态度，再展开叙事。而这句英文却符合汉语的思维方式，即先叙事后表态。所以，这句话可以按照原文的顺序翻译成汉语。但更常见的是it作形式主语置于句首，而将that主语从句放在句末。因此下面都是常见的主语从句句型（作文中常用的句型）： 一、It+be动词+that 从句 It’s reported that…据报道…… It’s believed that…据信…… It is generally thought that…人们普遍认为…… It should be noted that …应该注意…… It has been found that…现已发现…… It must be pointed out that …必须指出…… 同样可以这样用的动词还有：say,expect,know,estimate,forecast等。比如: As a child —and as an adult as well—Bill Gates was untidy. It has been said that in order to counteract this,Mary drew up weekly clothing plans for him. 译文：童年时期，以及即使长大成人后，比尔.盖茨也不修边幅。据说为了改掉他的这个毛病，玛丽为他制定了一周着装计划。 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.译文：许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily,