2012-2013各区县期末D篇整理

2012-2013第一学期期末试题D篇归纳D（东城）―Hello.‖ — it is one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it‘s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That‘s regrettable, because saying hello is more than just saying hello — it‘s the respect of another‘s worth. How might the world change — how might we change — if we have mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here‘s what I‘ve learnt.It can improve productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kid‘s productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that led to more class participation（参与）and better grades.Environments influence friendliness. One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And, researchers say, pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my hellos in the city were answered far less often than the ones in the countryside. Similarly, people in vacation areas, like the Jersey Shore, were far more friendly than those hurrying to work downtown.It‘s a form of health insurance（保险）. It‘s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, lighten unpleasant feelings and improve happiness. It seems that saying hello creates a similar influence.So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.56. What can we know from the first paragraph?A. People can say hello since they are born.B. Saying hello is a way to show respect to others.C. People lose the ability to say hello when they grow up.D. Saying hello is a way to change the world completely.57. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?A. Students will get good grades by saying hello very often.B. An assistant professor likes greeting his students every morning.C. The teacher who often says hello to students is very popular at school.D. Kids will be more active in class by exchanging greetings with teachers.58. From the passage, we learn that ________.A. smiles can take the place of hellosB. people living in the city refuse to say helloC. environments play a role in creating friendlinessD. having health insurance is more important than saying hello59. The underlined word ―well-being‖ in the last paragraph means ________.A. health and happinessB. comfort and quietnessC. pride and confidenceD. peace and hopefulnessD（西城）―Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)‖is a term for a group of conditions that can influence normal breathing while people sleep. These include snoring (打鼾), mouth-breathing and sleep apnea. Sleep-disordered breathing can do more than just leave people feeling tired the next day. It can also have an effect on people's health. In children the effects can include behavioral and emotional problems.In a new study, researchers asked parents about their children's breathing from when they were babies up to about age six. The study involved about eleven thousand children.Karen Bonuck at the Einstein College of Medicine in New York led the study. She says, ―The central finding overall is that sleep-disordered breathing is connected with a fifty percent increase in adverse neurobehavioral (不利的神经行为) outcomes.‖She adds that the more serious the breathing problems, the more serious the behavioral issues were likely to be. Other studies have linked sleep with children's behavior, but this study could be able to reject (排除) other possible causes.The study appears in the journal Pediatrics. It‘s estimated one child in ten snores regularly. A smaller number suffer (遭受) from other sleep-disordered breathing.How well do you sleep? A popular belief is that sleep gets worse with age. But, in another new study, those who reported the fewest problems with the quality (质量) of their sleep were people in their eighties.Researchers did a telephone survey of more than one hundred fifty thousand American adults. Michael Grandner at the University of Pennsylvania medical school says the starting goal was to prove that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.The survey did find an increase during middle age, worse in women than men. But except for that, people reported that their sleep quality improved as they got older. At least they felt it did.Mr. Grandner says, ―Even if sleep among older Americans is actually worse than in younger adults, feelings about it still improve with age.‖The findings appear in the journal Sleep. In the study, health problems and sadness were linked with poor sleep. Also, women reported more sleep disturbances and tiredness than men.But, based on the study, Mr. Grandner says older people who are not sick or depressed should be reporting better sleep. ―If they‘re not, they need to talk to their doctor. They shouldn‘t just take no notice of it,‖ he says. Nor should their doctor turn a blind eye to it. He says doctors generally dismiss sleep complaints (抱怨) from older adults as a normal part of aging.57. From the passage we can learn that ______.A. middle-aged men have more sleep problems than womenB. the older people get, the better the quality of sleep will beC. doctors don‘t take sleep complaints from older adults seriouslyD. children suffer more mouth-breathing than other SDB conditions58. What can we infer from the passage?A. SDB can bring about serious illness to people.B. Older adults think they get better sleep than they actually doC. Ms. Bonuck‘s studies have linked sleep with children's behavior.D. A key period for child ren‘s behavior al development is from 0 to 6.59. What‘s the best title for the passage?A. Who sleeps Well, who lives WellB. Who Sleeps Better, the Young or the Old?C. New Findings on Sleep in Children, Older AdultsD. New Findings on Sleep-Disordered Breathing and HealthD（海淀）What happened to that brilliant idea that you once had? Did you ignore (忽略) it because you thought that it was just a little thought? Have you ever considered what that little thought would have become if you had acted on your instincts (本能) or if you had paid more attention to it?Imagine a scene, where you are sitting at home watching television or reading a book, suddenly a light bulb is turned on in the dark tunnel of your mind as a thought or an idea crosses your mind. The thought catches your attention but seems so meaningless and you want to give it up, but wait a minute! That thought could be the potential (潜在的) beginning of the success you have wanted so much. As the thought crosses your mind, your senses become alert and you suddenly see a possibility, a realization, a solution, a conclusion, or find the answer to a problem whose solution has long escaped from you.It is almost as if a great being has spoken the perfect solution quietly into your ear or awakened your senses to a reality by this means bringing light to your life. It is like finding the last piece of jigsaw puzzle. This becomes an AHA moment and everything freezes around you as you excitedly try to grasp the practicality of that little but powerful thought.Your self-confidence and interest increase as you become aware of the great possibilities that can arise if that little thought is acted upon. This becomes the moment to build upon that thought and to write down any ideas that are streaming from that little thought for later review. Seemingly meaningless little thoughts or ideas when acted upon have a potential to burst into great projects.Many successful projects have been born from the little positive thoughts that were carefully nurtured (培育) and recognized as tickets to great things.You may have heard people say many times that it just came to me in a flash moment, a small idea or seemingly meaningless thought may cross your mind about something you have been planning to complete. Don‘t waste an opportunity to act on a potentially brilliant idea. You don't have to wait for a major peer (同伴) for a major idea, a master strategy or agreement in order for you to act on that little thought. That little thought or idea is the beginning of great things if you decide to follow it.57.In paragraph 3, ―an AHA moment‖ refers to the moment that _____________.A. you suddenly understand and find somethingB. you get the agreement from your peersC. a thought or an idea crosses your mindD. a light bulb is turned on in the dark58.What is the best title for the passage?A. Can You Catch Your Chances?B. Are You Ignoring that Little Thought?C. Little Thoughts in Your Leisure TimeD. How to Make Use of the Little Thought59. What does the writer want to tell us?A. Little thoughts help increase the interest for your job.B. Think over the little thoughts for the later great invention.C. Many successful projects have been born from your dreams.D. Act on the little thoughts because they might lead to great things.D（朝阳）Around noon on October 7, 2005, my Russian-born wife Nafisa gave birth to our daughters, Lara and Hana. I had lived in the United States for over 20 years, but moved back to Pakistan in 2000 to be with my father during the final years of his life (he died in October 2004). I was working as a school principal (校长) in Islamabad.After spending the day at the hospital, my mother and I went home at about 9 p.m., while my sister Elmira stayed on with Nafisa and the babies. I was so excited that I hardly slept that night. Nafisa had asked me to bring her some fresh fruit, so the next morning I drove to a market next to the Margalla Towers. At the same time, my mother stayed at home.Just before 9, as I was picking out some apples and bananas, the ground started to move from side to side. The shaking (抖动) became stronger and the air filled with strange noises. Everyone in the market rushed outside and started crying. Finally, after several minutes, the earthquake (地震) stopped. Part of the Margalla Towers had fallen down. People covered with blood (血) could be seen everywhere.Later I learned that when the ground started shaking, Nafisa and Elmira carried the babies and rushed out of the hospital. By the time my mother and I arrived at the hospital, they were resting on the grass. Just as we were moving back into the building at about 3 p.m., another strong shaking hit.The aftershock (余震) continued for several days. Whenever the shaking started, we just held the babies and tried to calm (使平静) each other. We felt completely helpless. Still we were among the lucky ones. The earthquake had destroyed much of Kashmir — thousands died and many more were left homeless. Many of our friends had been killed.My school reopened a few days after the earthquake. The following weeks at the school were full of worries. During the aftershocks, I had to sound the alarm (警报) to all 3,000 students and 300 teachers. Much of the time the school was strangely quiet. The students stayed in small groups rather than run around and play. As a principal, I was used to telling students to keep quiet and calm. Now I started to miss all that noise.Like so many people in Pakistan, I‘ve spent a lot of time trying to find out why we had to experience this terrible earthquake. I now believe life wanted to teach us a lesson. One minute I was on top of the world and the next I was at the bottom.56. How many people were there in the writer‘s family when the earthquake happened?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.57. Where were the writer and his family when the earthquake began?A. They all stayed in the hospital except the writer.B. Some were at home, and the others in the hospital.C. Most of them were in the hospital but two weren‘t.D. Each of them had his own place except the babies.58. The writer missed the noise at school because ______.A. he would have nothing to do without noiseB. he looked forward to the return to usual lifeC. he loved everything created by the studentsD. he became used to noises in the earthquake59. The underlined sentence in the passage means ______.A. life is often made up of happiness and sadnessB. good things are always followed by bad thingsC. one can‘t be successful in life without difficultyD. when you are too excited things will go wrongD（丰台）Everyone knows you must exercise regularly to keep good health. Indeed, staying physically fit is a big part of our culture. We consider that healthy people are attractive people. Since most of us want to be attractive, there is no shortage of exercise clubs, training videos, magazines and books offering to help us stay physically fit.Unfortunately, however, our culture doesn‘t place the same emphasis (重要性) on mental fitness. Although we tend to like men and women with strong, healthy-looking bodies, we don‘t have the same degree of respect or attraction for smart, educated, mentally healthy people. This is a pity, because there are great rewards for people who have developed the ability to think well.If your mind is well trained and flexible, you will be able to understand a great deal of what happens around you. And if you are also well educated —that is, if you understand basic science, mathematics, music, art, literature, history and so on —you will find it much easier to make good decisions throughout your life. Over the long run, this leads to a sense of control over your destiny (命运) and a much better life than otherwise.People who are poorly educated or who don‘t think well —that is, people who are not mentally fit —see things differently. Their world is controlled by mysterious, often malevolent （恶意的）forces. Such people live within a system they will never master, forced to follow rules they will never understand. Although it may not be obvious, most spend their lives being manipulated by others. They are told what to do, what to think, how to spend their money, and what they should and should not aspire（渴望）to in life.In my opinion, if you want to live well, you must be able to use your mind well. For this reason, I want you to be able to concentrate, to solve problems, to understand complex ideas, and to think clearly and quickly. Such skills will make it easier for you to make informed decisions, understand current events, choose good friends, manage your money well, make wise lone-term decisions and appreciate music, art and literature.The key to developing such skills is to enjoy learning, and to have the ability and motivation to teach yourself.57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The people who are not mentally fit often live a poor and mysterious life.B. Learning is very important for being able to make good decisions in life.C. If you like to learn music and history, you will be a mentally fit person.D. Physically healthy people are not as popular as mentally healthy people.58. The underlined word manipulated means______.A. controlledB. influencedC. effectedD. forced59. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Mind Helps You MoreB. Use Your MindC. Make Informed DecisionsD. Train Your MindD（顺义）Tired of bad handwriting, Richie decided to perfect his penmanship (书法) last January. Though the year progressed, his writing didn‘t. ―My penma nship just gotworse,‖ he says. ―I get tired of trying to write neatly.‖Like Richie, many teenagers make resolutions in the New Year. More than half of Americans say they make a New Year‘s resolution – but only one-third of them keep to it, reports the University of North Carolina, US.Demanding (追求) perfection stops people working on their resolutions, says Chicago life coach Alison Miller.Resolutions sometimes can be unrealistic (不现实).. Going for a goal that‘s too hard to achieve can leave a person feeling sad. ―Saying ‗I‘m going to look l ike a super-model‘ is going to make you unhappy,‖ she says.Sure, it‘s a great idea to aim for improvement, but not all resolutions are helpful. The difference between good and bad resolutions is whether you expect too much from yourself, Miller says. For example, it‘s OK to say, ―I‘m going to eat fewer French fries,‖ but striving (力争) for a perfect body isn‘t reasonable.Timing can also damage a resolution. Kevin M., 16, says he doesn't set resolutions because 12 months is unrealistic. ―It‘s too long and you start putting off keeping your resolution during summer,‖ he says.He‘s considering a career in music, but says school is his main focus. Knowing how hard he has to work, he says he‘ll ―be lucky to get 30 minutes a day‖ of practice. But a bit is better than nothing, and making reminders can help you make progress. Miller says teenagers should write down their goals and say to themselves, ―What can I do today to make my goal a reality?‖―It‘s just small steps along the way. It‘s not about doing it all at once,‖ Miller says.57. What‘s the writer‘s purpose by talking Richie in the first paragraph?A. To advise people to keep their New Year‘s resolutions.B. To show that some people fail to keep their New Year‘s resolutions.C. To tell readers why Richie isn‘t a good hand writer.D. To show why New Year‘s resolutio ns are important.58. Many Americans stop working on their New Year‘s resolutions because ______.A. they think it is silly to make resolutionsB. they find keeping resolutions is boringC. the time of keeping resolutions is too shortD. their choice of resolution turns out to be unrealistic59. Which of the following statements would Miller probably agree with?A. Teenagers should set themselves perfect goals.B. To achieve your goals, you needn‘t write them down.D(通州)Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study tells that calling attention to the words and letters on the book may lead to better readers.The two-year study compared (比较) children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the words showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding.Shayne Piasta, a professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, says most preschool teachers would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed words.Ms. Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word spelling. But she says studies show that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic (系统的) way.They watched more than three hundred children aged four and five in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were poor in their language skills. They may become bad readers when they enter primary schools later.Professor Justice says children‘s language skills can be improved by discussing with him or her when you are reading a book to a child. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about the letters and words on the page. They can point to a word and discuss the shape of it with a finger. They can p oint out a word: ―This is‗dog‘.‖ They can discuss the meaning of the word or how the words tell the story. And they can also show how words are written left to right in English.49. What does the underlined phrase “it makes sense” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. It can be understood and agreed.B. It is impossible to happen.C. It can be difficult to imagine and describe.D. It is surprising to see.50. What can we infer from the passage?A. Parents are more important than teachers for little children.B. Teachers need to learn a lot to use the new teaching way.C. It‘s impossible for preschool children to understand words.D. Skills are important to children‘s reading development.51. The writer wants to tell us that ____.A. preschool children should have higher discussing skillsB. parents should make a plan to teach their children readingC. teachers should help children pay attention to printed wordsD. languages skills should be discussed with preschool childrenD（燕山）Does working out a math problem give you a headache? Doyou feel nervous when you sit a math exam? For most, math can be difficult but new research suggests that it can also cause us physical pain.Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment. They began by finding out how much participants (参与者) fear math. Those participants were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.According to their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up ofpeople who were very afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with this subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown.Using a brain-scan (扫描) machine, scientists noticed that whenever from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond（反应）in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. For example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.―When you are really thinking about it (math problems), your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,‖explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. ―The more worried people were about the math, the more they activated brain regions that we know are often caught when people experience pain or detect a threat（威胁）.‖More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. ―This means that it‘s not that math itself hurts, instead, the anticipation of math is painful.‖ Lyons said.According to the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.57.What have scientists recently discovered about how people react to math?A.Most people find it difficult to work out math problem.B.The fear of math can cause physical pain.C.They have found out just how much people fear math.D.They have found out what makes people fear math.58.The underlined word ―anticipation‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A.expectationB. understandingC. experienceD. participation59.Which of the following statement about the experiment is true?A.When people are worried, more parts of their brains are activated.B.Both groups responded the same in the experiment‘s word tasks.C.People might get better results in math exams if they are less worried about it.D.When participants saw a yellow circle, they felt the same as they got their hands burned.D（大兴）Amy was a dear little girl, but she was too ready to waste time in getting ready to do her tasks, instead of doing them at once as she ought to.In the village in which she lived, Mr. Thornton kept a store where he sold fruit of all kinds, including berries in their season. One day he said to Amy, whose parents were quite poor, ―Would you like to earn some money?‖―Oh, yes, ‖replied she, ―for I want some new shoes, and papa has no money to buy them with.‖―Well, Amy,‖ said Mr. Thornton, ―I noticed some fine, ripe blackberries in Mr. Green‘s fieldtoday, and he said that anybody was welcome to them. I will pay you thirteen cents a quart(度量单位) for all you will pick for me.‖Amy was delighted at the thought of earning some money; so she ran home to get a basket, intending to go immediately to pick the berries.Then she thought she would like to know how much money she would get if she picked five quarts. With the help of her slate(书写板) and pencil, she found out that she would get sixty-five cents.―But supposing I should pick a dozen quarts,‖ thought she, ―how much should I earn then?‖―Dear me!‖ she said, after figuring(测算) a while, ―I should earn a dollar and fifty-six cents.‖Amy then found out what Mr. Thornton would pay her for fifty, a hundred, and two hundred quarts. It took her some time to do this, and then it was so near dinner time that she had to stay at home until afternoon.As soon as dinner was over, she took her basket and hurried to the field. Some boys had been there before dinner, and all the ripe berries were picked. She could not find enough to fill a quarter of a quart.As Amy went home, she thought of what her teacher had often told her---―Do your task at once; then think about it,‖ for ―One doer is worth a hundred dreamers.‖56. How many times did Amy figure with her slate?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.57. The underlined sentence may mean ―______‖.A. she got ready to waste some time to do her tasksB. she thought it was a waste of time to do her tasksC. she liked to waste time when should do her tasks immediatelyD. she was not ready to get her tasks ready, and it‘s a waste of time58. What can we infer from the story?A. Amy‘s family was very poor.B. Amy was good at counting with a slate.C. Mr. Thornton was the richest person in the village.D. Amy would learn a better lesson from this affair than from school.59. The best title of the passage may be ―_____‖.A. The Money Amy Did Not EarnB. The Girl Did Not Like To Waste TimeC. Amy, A Good Student To her TeachersD. A Poor Girl Wanted To Earn Some MoneyD（怀柔）Every day in China, about 200 million children go to school. Many of them take school buses. What should we do to keep these students safe on the road?On April 5, 2012，the State Council(国务院) published new rules about school bus safety. These new rules are stricter than the old ones.Under the new rules, local governments must make sure that students go to nearby school or boarding schools to reduce traffic risks . Also, local governments must help kids in the countryside reach their school buses.From now on, school buses have a speed limit of 80 km/h on highways and 60 km/h on normal roads. While on the road, other cars must let school buses go first.The new rules also say that school buses must never be overloaded (超载的).There are many other rules as well. A school bus must have more than seven seats. On each bus, there must be at least one adult to keep an eye on the kids. Each school bus must have a fire extinguisher (灭火器), a first aid kit (急救箱) and a GPS.A series of school bus accidents happened in China in 2011. To stop such accidents, theCentral Government decided to strengthen (加强) the rules for school buses.The most serious accident happened in Gansu in November,2011. When a nine-seat minibuscrashed. There were more than 60 children inside, and 21 of themdied.I hope such terrible things won‘t happen again and all of us canpay more attention to the safety of the students.56. What did the State Council publish on April 5, 2012?A. New rules about school bus safety.B. New rulesabout student safety.C. New rules about student home.D. New rules about class.57. According to the passage, the government made new rules because .A. 21 students died in school bus accidents in 2011B. School buses in China were not safe enough beforeC. 200 million children in China go to school by bus every dayD. the government encourages all students to take school buses58. What does the underlined ―‖word mean?A. 国外的.B. 国内的.C. 寄宿的.D. 较远的.59. What is the best title of this passage?A. The most serious accident happened in 2011 in Gansu.B. A school bus must have more than seven seats.C. Local governments must help kids.D. Safety first on the school bus.D（门头沟）Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B. C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain(脑). The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls(控制) the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged(伤害) when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene(基因)for right-handedness, he/she may become either right-handed or left-handed according (根据)to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don't have to.56. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists。