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新概念英语青少版2A语法知识大全

新概念英语青少版2A语法知识大全
新概念英语青少版2A语法知识大全

New concept English

语法集结

一、助动词do/does 的用法

例句:Do you want any breakfast ,Paul ?

How much juice do you want ?

I don’t want any coffee, but I want some tea .

这里,我们看这几个句子既出现了实义动词want,又出现了do,仔细观察发现:这些句子都是在的帮助下形成的,因此称这个do为助动词。

助动词在句中不能独立使用作谓语,并通常用于主语为第一人称、第二人称或者第三人称复数的疑问句和否定句中。

【第三人称复数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。We(我们)、You(你们)、They(他们/她们/它们) 分别是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的复数形式。】

1、将一个肯定句变为疑问句时,应将do/does放在主语的前面,实义动词用原形。

例句:I/ We / You want some yoghurt. →Do you want any yoghurt ?

William wants some b eer.→Does William want any beer?

She likes that one. →Does she like that one?

2、变否定句时则要在句中谓语动词的前面加do not(don’t)或doesn’t。例句:I don’t want any coffee, but I want some tea .

She doesn’t like that one. →Doesn’t she like that one?

William wants some beer.→William doesn’t want any beer.

3、变特殊疑问句时,见一、2、D/讲解部分及特殊疑问词部分。

二、Can/Must/May等情态动词的用法

1、can的具体用法:can是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也就是说,不管主语是第几

人称,单数还是复数,can都没有变化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。

【口诀:can的用法很重要,千变万化都知道。肯定用can加原形,否定把can变can’t,疑问can就往前提,原形留在主语后。细心体会多练习,保证不会犯错误。】例如:

肯定句:Vikki can drive a car.

变否定句:Vikki can’t drive a car.

变一般疑问句:Can Vikki drive a car?

变特殊疑问句:Who can drive a car?

2、must的具体用法:must与can一样,都是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。也没有人称和数的变化.must是“必须”的意思,表示语气强烈的命令、意图等。在否定句和疑问句的用法也与can一样。

You must eat.

Must you go now?

I can drink some water ,but I mustn’t eat.

3、can’t与mustn’t的区别:

can’t 意即“不能,不会”,表示不可能、无法;mustn’t而意为“禁止,不可以”,表示强烈的建议、意图和命令等,语气强硬。

4、may的具体用法:助词。

1)(表示可能性)可能,也许:She may be a nurse.

2)(表示许可或请求许可)可以:"May I come in?" "Yes, please."

3)(表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May you succeed!

4) (表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以

They try to cure the disease so that people may live longer.

他们设法根治该病以便使人们活得更长些。

5) (用于问句中,表示不确定)会,究竟:

Who may the man be? 这个人会是谁呢?

6) 表示期望)能够,会:We hope she may win. 我们希望她会获胜。

三、have/has got的用法

在英语中通常用have got代替have,当主语为第三人称单数时,用has got 代替has,have got 或has got可以与前面的主语缩写为’ve 或‘s。

1)肯定式:We’ve (We have )got an English lesson today.

Lucy and Tom have got two chairs.

My parents have got a big house.

You have got everything. 你什么都有了。

He has got terrible toothache.

2):否定式:在have got 中,have 为助动词,在其后加否定词not, 就可以构成否定句。Have/Has not got=haven’t/has n’t got

如:They haven’t got computer lessons this week.

He hasn’t got a pencil.

My mother hasn’t got much money.

3)、一般疑问句及回答:只需将have或has提前到句首即可。回答时协助于助动词have或has.

如:Have you got a notebook?

---Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.

Have they got a library?

---Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.

Has Tom got stomach-ache?

---Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.

4)、特殊问句:只需选用恰当的疑问词,再接正确的一般疑问句即可。How many rulers have they got?

When have they got this school?

What has he got ?

【特别提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have /has got的情形。

◆在助动词或情态动词之后,不能用have /has got 。

He hasn’t got a computer.(T)

(F) He does n’t have got a computer.

He doesn’t have a computer.(T)

◆当have与动词转化而来的名词构成短语时,不能用have /has got 。Have a look,have a break,have a drink

◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have /has got 。

Have a good time, have breakfast, have lessons

四、some与any的用法:

1、some:一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个、一些、某个”,作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。

如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)

They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)

2、any:一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些、任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。

如:They didn’t have any friends here.

Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?)

【注意】◆some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?你要加糖的咖啡吗?

◆any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.随便带什么朋友来吧。

测试:1、I must eat some food.变否定句:

2、--I feel a bit hungry.

--Why don’t you have bread?

A. any

B. some

C. little

D. a

五、可数名词与不可数名词:

1、可数名词:普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

1). 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。book → books

/room → rooms /house → houses / day → days

2). 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:

bus → buses /glass → glasses /watch → watches

dish → dishes /box → boxes

3). 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:

city → cities /body → bodies /factory → factories

4). 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:

half → halves leaf → leaves

knife → knives wife → wives

5). 特例[悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]

① child → children

② man → men woman → women

policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)

③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes

[悄悄话:初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos,radio→radios ]

④ foot → feet tooth → teeth[悄悄话:oo变成ee。]

⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese [悄悄话:单/复数同形。]

⑥people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复

数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。

2、不可数名词:如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。

不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat/ rice/water/milk/orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work/homework/time/health/friendship等)。

1). 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。

2). 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:water (水)→ waters (水域)

orange (橘汁)→ oranges (橘子)

3). 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。

如:fruit → fruits food → foods

fish → fishes hair → hairs

3、名词可数不可数【六注意】

1、不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数,也没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread,a little milk等。

2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰。表示特指时,均要用定冠词the。如:He is a factory worker. No one can see air.

3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:

There are some oranges on the desk.

There is a lot of water in the bottle.

4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如:a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:This picture is very beautiful.

不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

There are two cups of tea on the table.

6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。如:How many apples are there in the box?

How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?

How much tea is there in the cup?

六、基数词和序数词

1、基数词:表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:

1).从1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.

2).从11—19:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这里除黑体数字为特殊形式外,其余都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

3).从21—99:除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one,76 seventy-six 4).百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and.如:101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight。

2、序数词:是指表示顺序的数词。其主要形式:

1)从第1-19:其中,one—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth为特殊形式,其它都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth.

2)从第20-99:整数第几十的形式由基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”

构成。twenty—twentieth, thirty—hirtieth

表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一, fifty-sixth 第五十六, seventy-third 第七十三, ninety-ninth 第九十九

3)第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一, one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十

(4)序数词的缩写形式主要缩写形式有。

first—lst, second—2nd, third—3rd,

fourth—4th, twentieth—20th, twenty-third——23rd , 其中lst,2nd,3rd 为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。【注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再—”,“又—”。

We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。】

七、表达天气和季节:

1、天气的表达:英语中通常用it来代替天气,所以表达天气最常用的句型就是:It is + 表示天气的形容词+ in + 月份或季节等。

如:Is it ever fine and warm in England?

2、针对天气的提问通常用What’s the weather like …?句型。

如:What’s the weather like in July here? I’s often wet and hot.

3、四季的表述:春:夏:秋冬:;四季之前用介词in,而且不能使用冠词!

如:It’s often cold and dry in winter.

测试:想想表示天气的形容词:

八、时间、日期、年龄和星期的表达方式:

1、时间的表达方式:

A/整点时间的表达方式用“小时数+o’clock”,如:six o’clock.

B/半点的表达方式用“half past +小时数”,half past six.

C/整点过一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:

“a quarter(数字) past + 小时数”,如:twenty-six past six.

D/整点差一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:

“a quarter(数字) to + 小时数”,如:twenty-six to six.

◆与具体钟点连用用介词at. 如:at twenty-six past six.

2、日期的两种表达方式:

A/“the + 序数词+ of + 月份”,如:the first of August.

B/“月份+ the + 序数词”,如:September the fourth.

【注意】

◆与月份连用的介词一般是in。如:My birthday is in April.

◆而在具体的某一天就要用介词on.

如:I must go at two on Friday.

You can come home on the third of February.提问?

→(动脑筋哦!)

◆针对具体几月几日提问要用What’s the date …,回答用It is + 日期。如:What’s the date today? →It is the ninth of January.

掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!

3、年龄的表达方式:用“数字+ year s old”或直接数字表达。

如:Karen is 42 years old.→How old is Karen?

Robert is 9. →How old is Robert?

4、星期几的表达方式:It is + 星期一(二、三…)。提问用What day is it?

如:What day is it today, Karen? It’s Monday.

掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!

九、频度副词

频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数的副词。动作有时发生,经常发生,还是总是发生呢?常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下:

always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes (40%)>seldom(20%)> never(0%)。

1、频度副词在句子中的位置

◆位于be动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前。

1. 在be动词之后。如:She is sometimes very busy.

2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:I will never forget this lesson.

3. 在实义动词之前。如:It never snows in winter here.

◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. She writes to me often. Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。

2、频度副词的用法

◆always 频率最高,表示“一直、总是”,其反义词为never。如:The rich are not always happy. 有钱的人并不总是快乐的。

Li Ping is always late for school.(变为否定句)→Li Ping is never late for school.(全部否定)

【注意】always等与not连用时,表示部分否定。

Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不总是迟到。

【频度副词通常和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如:He is always thinking of others.(赞叹)She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦)】

◆usually意为“通常”,表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。如:We

usually go to school at seven in the morning.

My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays.

◆Often意为“经常,时常”,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断,不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。

如:It often rains here in April.

The boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them.

He writes to his friends quite often. (often在句尾时常被very或quite连用)。他常给他的朋友写信。

◆sometimes意为“有时”,频率不及often,表示动作偶尔发生,间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:

Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk. /I sometimes watch TV in the evening. /My father has lunch in the factory sometimes.

◆seldom意为“很少”;never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。

如:He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。

The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。

The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。

[谚语]Better late than never. 迟到(迟做)总比不来(不做)好。

◆hardly具有否定意义,表示“几乎不、简直不”,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:

The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it.

◆对上述频度副词提问时,用how often。如:

I write to my brother sometimes.→How often do you write to your brother?

十、特殊疑问词:

特殊疑问词是特殊疑问句中必有(开头第一个)的单词,回答不同一般疑问句,答法通常有时间、地点、人名、多少、原因等。记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是Wh,How。常见的特殊疑问词:

1、where:哪里(状语)例:Where is my blue shirt?

2、what:什么

例:What are your favourite animals?

What is the weather like in July here? It’s often sunny.

◆what colour:问颜色(表语)

◆what time:针对钟点提问

◆what date/day:针对几月几号/星期提问

◆what language:什么语言

◆what kind of: 什么样的…(对对方所询问的人或物品进行详细描述。) 例:I like story books. →What kind of books do you like?

3、when:针对所有表示时间的短语提问(回答用At... On...)

例:My music lesson is at half past three.

→What time is your music lesson?

或者→ When is your music lesson?

You can call me tomorrow.

→When can I call you? (只能用When,而不能用What time)

4、which:哪一个,哪个

5、who :谁( 回答用He is... /She is... /They are...等)

6、whom:谁(宾格)

7、whose:谁的(回答用It is… /These/Those are…等)

8、why:为什么(回答用Because,问原因)

9、How:怎么样

◆How many:多少数量

◆ How much:多少(不可数名词/价格)

例如:How much beer do you want?

◆How old:几岁(用于年龄)

◆How big:多大

◆How heavy:多重

◆How far:多远路程

◆How often:多少次(常用于频度副词的提问)

十一、现在进行时

1现在进行时表达的内容:现在进行时表示A、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。例如:He is reading . They are talking now.

B、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如:They are working these days.

C、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。例如:I am coming. 总之,此类时态一般由look, listen, now, at this moment 等时间状语做标志。

2、现在进行时的句型结构:其结构为be+现在分词.

3、现在分词的变法:

1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,例:jump

2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.

例: have write

3)、以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.

例:sit put

4、现在进行时的句式变换:都在be上做文章

例:肯定句:He is buying a bike.

否定句:He isn’t buying a bike.

疑问句:Is he buying a bike?

【特别提醒】尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:

1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错;

例:◆ They are swiming.(swim)

◆Jenny is plaiing(play)football.

答案:swimming /playing

【解析】:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。

2、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词;

例:◆ Look,two children flying (fly) a kite in the park.

◆Li Ming isn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

答案:are flying /isn’t reading

【解析】:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

3、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

◆The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问) What are the students in the room?

答案:What are the students doing in the room?

【解析】:现在进行时态中,对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”句式。

4、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?Are the children running or jump?

答案:Are the children running or jumping?

【解析】: or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。

【测试训练】一、单选

1、Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

A. is helping

B. are help

C. is help

D. is helpping

2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

A .Who

B .How C.What D.Where

3、Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

5 、–When_____he_____back?

–Sorry, I don’t know.

A. does,come

B.are coming

C.is come

D.is coming

二、填空

1、It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

2、What____he _____(mend)?

3、We _____(play)games now.

4、What ____you____(do) these days?

5、____he ___(clean) the classroom?

6、Who____(sing)in the next room?

7、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

十二、一般现在时态:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。一般现在时的构成有两种形式:

1、be动词构成的一般现在时:be动词的形式要随主语的变化而变化:◆肯定句:I am ……

You/We/They are……

He/She/It is……

◆否定句:I am not ……

You/We/They are not (aren’t)……

He/She/It is not (isn’t)…例句:It’s not very long.

◆一般疑问句:Am I ……?

Are you/we/they……?

Is he/she/it……?

◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am + I……?

特殊疑问词+ are + you/we/they……?

特殊疑问词+ is + he/she/it……?

2、实义动词构成的一般现在时:实义动词构成一般现在时态时,当主语是第三人称单数【第三人称单数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它) 分别是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的单数形式。】的时候,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;而当其他人称代词作主语时,谓语动词则要用原形。

【动词第三人称单数:动词单三形式变化规则跟名词变复数的规则类似,即:大多数动词在词尾加s;以辅音字母加y结尾的词要变y为i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o结尾的词要加es。如:

1、He s peaks English well.

2、David plays basketball very well.

3、My sister does her homework first after school.

4、The weather often changes here.】

◆肯定句:I /We/You/They + 动词原形+ ……

He/She/It + 动词第三人称单数形式+ ……

◆否定句:I / We / You /They + do not(don’t) + 动词原形+ ……

He/She/It + does not(doesn’t) + 动词原形+ ……..

◆一般疑问句:Do + I /We/You/They + 动词原形+ …………?

Does + he/she/it + 动词原形+……?

◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ do you/we/they + 动词原形+……?

特殊疑问词+ does he/she/it + 动词原形+……?

How much juice do you want ?

十三、一般将来时用法

1、概述:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next week, next year等。例:Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?

It will stay fresh for several days.

2、构成:一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。will用于第二、三人称,shall第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为'll,will not 简缩为won’t[wount]。但在美国英语中,各种人称皆可用will。例:He will help his sister with her lessons.

We won't be free this afternoon.

3、用法:

1)、表示未来的动作或存在状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。

We shall leave for London next Monday.

He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.

You will be 20 next year.明年你就二十了。

2)、表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。例:

We shall come and work in this factory every year.

The students will have five English classes per week this term.

4、其他表达方法

1)“be going to+动词原形”表将来:

①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。

What are you going to do next Sunday?

They are going to meet outside the school gate.

②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。

I think I'm going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)

Look at the cloud. It’s going to rain.乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)

The ice is going to break.冰就要破了。

③这种结构表示“肯定、预测,注定会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。

The question is going to be very complex.这个问题将会很复杂。

The voters aren’t going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。

④be going to 和will的区别:A. will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体的时间,可以指遥远的将来;而be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生,通常指很快就要发生的事情。

Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.听那风声,我们横渡时一定困难很大。

He will get better.他的病会好的。(即认为最终会恢复健康,而不是马上恢复)He is gong to get better.他的病就会好了。(指有恢复的迹象)

B. be gong to 和will均可表示意图,但事先考虑过的意图用be going to,不是事先考虑过的意图用will。

-Why have you torn the paper into pieces?你怎么把论代撕了?

- I am going to rewrite it.(事先考虑,不用will)我要重写。

-Is it really a big stone?

-I will help you to move it.(未经事先考虑,不用be going to )

2)、用现在进行时来表示将来:现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等,还有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

He is not coming.他不来了。

They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达。

3)、“be to+动词原形”表将来:“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。

There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。

You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 10点你得交上试卷。

If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功,他就必须拼命干。

十四、一般过去时:简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般过去时态句子结构:

1.Be 动词的一般过去时态:在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成:

肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语如:I was late yesterday.

否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语如:We weren't late yesterday. She wasn't a teacher three years ago.

疑问句:一般疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语

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