浅谈我对翻译的认识
翻译是文化的跨文化交际，一种语言的文字是语言符号，而附着于这种语言文字之上的非语言符号便是文化。翻译便是将一种文字符号转换为另外一种文字符号的过程，但是翻译不仅仅是要替读者解读原文的语言符号，而且还必须破解原文的非语言符号也就是文化内涵，所以只有深刻细致的了解一个国家的历史、文化、传统、风俗习惯、生活方式以至生活细节，才能正确理解和准确讲语言的文化底蕴表达出来。
翻译的分类论述的内容杂而多，包括口译和笔译，口译又包括交替口译、同声传译、耳语传译等等。
翻译按方式来分，有汉语译成外语和外语译成汉语两种。翻译按翻译客体性质或文体分，可分为：文学翻译和非文学翻译。文学翻译强调文学作品文本的艺术审美与文学欣赏，风格、价值观和思想，再显的是原文作者的精神活动和语言艺术美，这些文学作品包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、故事、叙事文学、散文等；非文学翻译涉及的内容和学科知识十分广泛，强调的是现实世界中的知识、事实、事件和信息，再显的是实用性事实、信息的交际性和功能功利。翻译按翻译工具形式来分，可分为：口译和听译、手语翻译、视译和笔译；口译是一种促成分属不同语言的人们有声言语交际活动，口译与笔译相对，按传送方式分为同声传译、交替传译、耳语传译；按场合和内容可分为外交口译、技术口译、学术口译、工程谈判口译、会议口译、陪同口译、法庭口译、媒体口译、商务口译、社区口译；按就工作性质而
言，口译可以划分为外事翻译、军事翻译、商贸翻译、医学翻译、联络翻译、会议翻译、法庭翻译、技术翻译、展览翻译、导游翻译、生活翻译等；听译主要针对在听力理解的基础上，利用短时记忆和简要的笔录进行即时翻译；手语翻译可分为手译、口译和手语手译三种类型。手译是把健听人的口语翻译成聋人手语传达给听力障碍的人。手译一般用在谈话、开会、讲课、新闻联播等场合。口译是把聋人的手语翻译成健听人的口语和书面语。口译一般用在聋人作报告、聋人企业家的业务洽谈、座谈会等场合。手语手译在使用两种不同手语的聋人之间把一种翻译成另一种，如将中国手语翻译成美国手语等；视译是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。需要注意的是口译、听译、手语翻译和视译均不属于本书探讨的范围。翻译按翻译主体来分，可分为：人工翻译、机器翻译、机器辅助翻译、人机交互翻译，以及网络辅助翻译等；人工翻译主要是指译者借助工具书，利用一定的翻译知识和技巧完成翻译的整个过程；机器翻译，又称自动翻译，就是利用机械（主要是计算机）按一定程序自动进行自然语言之间的翻译过程，它主要是建立在语言学、计算机科学技术、自动化技术和数学等多门学科基础上，可以分为：语料库辅助翻译、读者型机器翻译、作者型机器翻译；机器辅助翻译，或称计算机辅助翻译，是指“译者运用计算机程序部分参与翻译过程度一种翻译策略”它利用计算机软件和翻译记忆技术来实现翻译过程，计算机辅助翻译根据辅助工具还可以分为：电子词典翻译和软件辅助翻译等；网络辅助翻译，也称在线翻译，主要是指
利用互联网资源、在线词典和编程、协议完成翻译的一个实时查询、浏览、翻译系统；等等，还有很多分类。
在经济全球化迅速发展的今天，翻译也越来越重要，但是翻译的目的是什么？翻译不仅仅依靠语言学，因为第一翻译不单单是甚至并不主要是语言的过程，第二，语言还没有提出真正针对翻译困难的问题，因此，翻译也是一种有目的的行为，译者应该按照目的的指引，考虑一切与翻译有关的因素，从而选出最适合的翻译方法，使得译文达到预期目的，也就是说，翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译行为的过程。
当今世界经济全球化的趋势日益加强，中西方的交往与联系日益密切，因此翻译者本人对文化知识的掌握是非常重要的，甚至这对推动经济发展也有一定的积极作用。本文就词汇翻译、短语翻译、句子翻译等方面分析了文化知识对其的影响，旨在说明英语翻译与语言所反映的文化是密不可分的，进一步强调翻译者的文化常识在翻译工作中的重要性。
翻译的过程绝不是简单地把一种文字直接转换成另一种文字，它是一个复杂而又曲折的过程。首先要反复研读原文内容，弄清原文题材、文体、作者写作态度和作品主旨，并借助词典弄清楚那些不太熟悉的诸如人名、地名、历史事件名称。科技术语的翻译方式等。不能一拿到原文就下笔翻译，因为准确的翻译必须基于对原文的正确理解基础之上。不研读原文便下笔翻译必将会产生以偏概全、译文不自然、欠通顺、前后不统一的错误。接着根据原文作者的思想，揣摩译文中
将要采用的句型，选定译文与原文句子类型相近的句子结构，确定句子基本框架后，初步完成译文，还要运用翻译过程中常用的增删词汇、转换成分等技巧和手段，并使其与原文的韵味基本相同，最后检查译文是否有错误。
其实外国对于翻译型人才的需求还很大，面对这样激烈的就业压力，翻译型人才有很好的就业市场，当然，对于一些非专业的人同样有了解的必要性。
Unit 1 1. We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations(磨难) perhaps because they testify（证实）to a bona fide（真正的）type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid（在…之中）endless(无尽的) reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in（内在的）human capacity to flourish（奋发向上的）under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have subsequently in some ways improved. 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历做出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。 2. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with（斗争）shocks they never anticipated（预期）and to rethink（反思）the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey ‖that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”. 有证明显示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的意见。哲学家们过去把这一探寻称之为“美好的生活”。 3.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. 在那个时刻，我们的安全感被冲破了(洞穿），平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。 4. Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort. （TS）Being willing and able to take on this process is one of the major differences between those who grow through adversity and those who are destroyed by it. The people who find value in adversity aren’t the toughest or the most rati onal. What makes them different is that they are able to incorporate what happened into the story of their own life. 尽管如此，要实际实现这些转变并完全接受新的现实，通常需要有意识地付出努力。是否愿意并有能力承担这个过程，就是那些在灾难中成长和那些被灾难所摧毁的人之间主要的区别之一。认为灾难有价值的人并不是最坚强或最理性的人。使他们与众不同的是他们能够将所遭遇的事融入他们自己的人生历程中。Unit 2 1.Never before have decisions about sports and the social relationships connected with sports been so clearly influenced by economic factors. (Para. 1) 有关体育的决策以及与体育相关的社会关系也同样从未如此显然地受到商业因素的影响。 2.The bottom line has replaced the goal line for many people, and sports no longer
对英语翻译的认识 英语翻译专业培训应用型英语专业人才。从翻译方向来讲，主要发展方向为同声传译、专题口译和笔译。 在上王军平老师的课之前，我有这样的误区：翻译英语其实很简单，虽然自己不是英语专业的，但可以买一本专业的《英汉字典》，遇到不会的单词，随便查查就知道意思了。 然而，听完这节课才发现英语翻译事实上并不是如此简单的。 听王军平老师就会举的例子，“The old man smiled toothlessly.”结果网上就有这样的翻译：这个老爷爷缺齿地笑了。另一个是英译中的例子，“中华儿女多奇志，不爱红装爱武装”——The Chinese people have great goals, they do not like wearing makeup but they like fighting.相比下面的这个翻译“The Chinese are so ambitious that they don't like to powder the face but like to face the powder”.的差距简直太大了。而生活中这样别扭的翻译比比皆是，尤其是国内的景区贴出来的标语提示的翻译更是禁不住发笑。 其次，翻译的过程绝不是简单地把一种文字直接转换成另一种文字，它是一个复杂而又曲折的过程。首先要反复研读原文内容，弄清原文题材、文体、作者写作态度和作品主旨，并借助词典弄清楚那些不太熟悉的诸如人名、地名、历史事件名称。科技术语的翻译方式等。不能一拿到原文就下笔翻译，因为准确的翻译必须基于对原文的正确理解基础之上。不研读原文便下笔翻译必将会产生以偏概全、译文不自然、欠通顺、前后不统一的错误。接着根据原文作者的思想，揣摩译文中将要采用的句型，选定译文与原文句子类型相近的句子结构，确定句子基本框架后，初步完成译文，还要运用翻译过程中常用的增
2016考研英语：长难句翻译练习及解析 2016考研英语长难句的相关知识学到现在，不知道各位考生掌握的如何，在实际操作的时候，大家可以依然是先分句翻译，然后根据上下文与段落整体逻辑进行整合串联。下面就给举几个例子供大家练习并进行解析。 【例1】Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. 译文：依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量，要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大，而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状。 句子主干：Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,…and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms 复合结构：with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect 时间状语从句：when the substance is discontinued 【例2】It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert them. 译文：对于那些竭力自我显示的国家和人民来说，修建高大雄伟的大坝即是某种成就的象征，然而修建大坝其实并没有多大作用。 主句：It doesn’t help 主语从句：that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert them 非谓语动词作后置定语：striving to assert them 【例3】But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. 译文：但是情况并不总是如此。在法律要求所有儿童在一定年龄必须上学之前，人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就不适合接受这种教育。 转折并列句：But this was not always the case 时间状语从句：before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age 主句（it作形式主语）：it was widely accepted 主语从句：that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education 【例4】Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travl, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than
Unit 2 1. Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurant are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. 中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。 2. The province has developed a culinary culture with its own characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of China as well as throughout the world. （广东的）餐饮文化独具特色，对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。 3. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as in other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic. 中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。 4. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。 5. If you only translate the names literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself. 你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。 6. Sichuan, known as Nature’s Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. 被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。 Unit 3 1.“It strikes a chord with an enormous number of people.”That’s putting it mildly. “它在许多人心中产生了共鸣。”她说得很委婉。 2.Amazingly, Rowling keeps her several plotlines clear of each other until the end, when she deftly brings everything together in a cataclysmic conclusion. 让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册的书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。 3.But that’s nothing new, says Michael Patrick Hearn, a children’s book scholar and editor of The Annotated Wizard of Oz.” 但是作为儿童图书专家和《绿野仙踪》的编辑，迈克尔·帕特里克·赫恩觉得这并不奇怪。 4.There’s no telling which books will survive from one generation to the next. 谁也无法预测哪本书能够代代相传。 5.Rowling may not be as magisterial as Tolkien or as quirky as Dahl, but her books introduce fledgling readers to a very high standard of entertainment. 罗琳的书也许不如托尔金的书那么具有权威性，也不如达尔的作品那般跌宕起伏，但是她的书将涉世未深的读者带入了一个相当高的娱乐水准。 6.The only sour note (1) in all the songs of joy over this phenomenon (2) has come from some parents and conservative religious leaders(3) who say Rowling advocates witchcraft (4) 在对“哈利波特”现象的一路欢歌中，出现的唯一一个不和谐音符来自于一些父母和保守的宗教领袖。他们认为罗琳在宣扬巫术。 7.You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children (1), for—if you are honest—you have, in fact, no idea (2)
我对翻译的认识 ------以科技英语翻译为例 学习科技英语翻译的必要性 如果留意一下现在与过去的招聘广告或用人单位的要求，我们就不难看出其区别：在过去的招聘广告中，不少单位或企业招聘专职英语翻译，这样的招聘在现在的广告中很少见了。这并不是说没有东西要翻译了，而是在科技快速发展和我国市场经济条件下，企业单位对人才的要求更高了：不但自己能看懂资料，而且能翻译自己所需的资料。这一要求正是不少大学生和科技工作者欠缺的。 鉴于这样的变化，科技英语翻译知识就显得格外重要。基于这样或那样的原因，大学生学习英语的兴趣、动力、压力与日俱增，尤其在大学一、二年级更是如此。因此，近年来他们的英语水平大有提高，尤其是在词汇、语法、阅读理解等方面的提高更为显著，值得欣慰。然而，他们的科技翻译能力却令人担忧。不少教学单位为了提高通过率而一切以考试为中心，忽视了其他能力培养，这种做法令人深思。因此，就必须为大学生开设科技英语翻译课，使他们学习一些科技英语翻译的基本知识和技巧，掌握科技英语基本特点，以便能更好地把学到的英语知识应用到科技翻译的实践中去，这样也能检查大学生掌握英语知识的情况和应用能力。 科技英语翻译的主要特点 1，科技英语翻译的专业性 由于科学技术的发展，英语科技词汇也在不断地增加，各门学科的专业词汇许多是延用或借用一般词汇，但往往赋予新的含义。如element一词，一般译作元素，但电学中译做电板，无线电中译做元件等等。 科技英语词汇具有极强的专业性。这些词汇在特定的专业有特定的含义，不是其他词汇可以替代，也不是在普通词汇中出现的常用的定义。这些都是从事科技翻译工作的专业人士必须遵循的原则。 2，科技英语翻译的精确性 科技英语翻译中常出现许多自然科学中的计数，例如：倍数的翻译、温度的翻译、长度的翻译、重量单位翻译等等。 由于科技的进步，各种度量衡单位之间的换算，以及新出现的计量单位，这些都要求翻译工作者不能有丝毫的马虎。必须有严谨的科学态度，技术精确，翻译准确。 学生在做科技英语翻译时存在的问题
有趣的语言翻译 一、重点难点： 1、让学生了解语言翻译的常识，激发学生对语言翻译的兴趣。 2、通过具体语言翻译，尤其是谚语、成语和文学语言的翻译，初步了解翻译的基本方法。 3、通过具体语言翻译，使学生认识到文化对于翻译的重要性。 4、通过具体语言翻译，使学生认识到翻译需要具备较强的对母语的理解能力和表达能力。 5、通过对具体语言翻译的专题研究性学习，培养学生运用工具书查找和收集资料的能力。 二、知识梳理 任务一：从中英两种语言的翻译实践中总结出翻译的基本方法。
1、学生回答课前布臵的翻译练习。 [明确]：①The Lord of the Rings∶《指环王》（电影名） ②Like father,like son ∶有其父必有其子（谚语） ③冬天来了，春天还会远吗？：If winter es ,can spring be far behind ? ④萝卜白菜，各有所爱。：Some prefer （更喜欢）turnips(萝卜)and others pears （梨）. 2、学生总结自己在翻译上述练习时的感受和过程方法。 3、教师就上述实例展开分析，总结出翻译的常用方法：直译和意译。 4、教师举出更多例子加以解释佐证。 [例如]：直译的例子：Time is money. ：
时间就是金钱。 Break(打破)the record(纪录) ：打破纪录 冷战：Cold war 武装到牙齿：Armed(武装地) to the teath(牙齿) 意译的例子：Dog eat dog. ：你死我活。（不是：狗咬狗） Eat one’s words. ：承认说错了话。（不是：食言） 三、深入探究 任务二：通过翻译实践中一些误译现象探究翻译与文化审美之间的关系。 1、教师给出翻译中的误译实例：
大学带翻译英语演讲稿：我对教育的看法 My Views on Receiving Education In my early years, I did not see the value of education. When I was going on thirteen, I started to run my own shop. From then on, I worked hard to become a successful businessman. One day I realized the importance of the English language in the business world and started taking night classes. I was able to communicate well with foreign customers after two years of English study. But I started to feel that, in the long run, having a limited knowledge of English was not enough to make my business successful. I knew that only a well- rounded education could guarantee my success in the future. When I was eighteen, I had to make a decision to continue doing business or go back to school. There was one obstacle keeping me from getting an advanced education. I had only completed elementary school up to that point. I then went back to senior high school after four months of tutoring in different subjects. Being at school for the first time after so many years was somewhat embarrassing because my classmates were at least two or three years younger than I. I concluded that my age did not matter. The important thing was getting into college. I took the College Entrance Exams. Although my math exam result was only one point below the required score. I never gave up hope. The following year, I took it again and received the highest score in my city. Achieving such an amazing result gave me encouragement and courage necessary to continue my education to the next step. I am now in my second year of college and know that it is never too late to learn. My passion for studying and improving myself will never come to
Unit 1 愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。 幸福隐藏的另一面 凯思琳?麦克高恩 1 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_L的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。 3 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。 4 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。 5 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。 6 这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家劳拉?金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。”慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力—有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。只过安宁的、无忧无虑的生活是不足以体验一段完整的人生的。我们也需要成长-尽管有时成长是痛苦的。 7 在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31岁的时装设计师特蕾西?塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫抑制药。她从没预见到接下来将要发生的事:停药之后的反应最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微的动作—比如说试着吞咽—对她来说也痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。 8 塞尔并不是懦弱的人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍受着病症和治疗(药物、手术)的折磨。但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，
Translation In modern society, with the rapid development of high-technology and economy, the multicultural world becomes smaller and closer and all countries make unprecedented progresses in the area of politic,economy,culture and technology when human beings come into a new epoch-making moment. Hence,translation plays a big part in the process of communicating,trading, and learning with different people who are from different countries and competent translator are badly needed in our country. As we all know,after adopting the policy of reform and opening up,the communication and integration between international market and domestic market gradually increases, the political and economic intercourse between between various countries becomes more which leads translation market develops sharply. There is no doubt that the translators’ demand will increase in term of the burgeoning situation. Especially,China hold Olympic game in 2008 and the world EXPO in 2010 that makes the demand to translators increase. However, the development of translators appear to have been far from enough to satisfy the demand of translation industry. In truth, it’s not the problem of lacking translators, but the majority of translators cannot meet the translation industry’s requirement being high-quality translators. It is not to say that a person who can speak and understand a foreign language is qualified to be a translator, but it needs to examine ,analysis and assess the ability comprehensively. There are some mainly basic standards to judge a person can be a translator or not. For one thing, the level of mastering knowledge of literature and language competence is awfully significant for a translator, except this, sometimes, it can also take account for translators’ ability of conducting in emergency and so on. For other thing, under some circumstances,the requirement to translators is extremely harsh. It’s not only requests translators should be equipped with good communication skills and literature foundation, but also needs them have a good understanding of that country’s customs,culture background and language habits. In China, most people think translation industry is high-pay and it is the truth. Translation industry wages divides into three grade. The first grade, the interpretation and simultaneous interpretation,the net income is about 50,000-60,000 yuan per month. Next, translation, is about 20,000-30,000yuan. The last one, some work related with translating services, though the base salary is generally low, the total salary is much more than base salary, about 10,000-20,000yuan per month. For example, for an excellent client manager, his annual income adds up to 200,000-300,000yuan or so. Because of this reason, more people are increasingly long for stepping into this industry. However,the reality is always cruel for the road to be a translator is no picnic. So, it comes to a question. How to be a competent translator? There are primarily some ways about it. Firstly, reading more Chinese literature. An excellent translator must be an outstanding Chinese reader first. And now you should keep a good habit of reading books and trying to writing some essays. Especially, as we grow older, the more books we could read. Reading lots of books is beneficial for you to translate in the conversation or other situation. On the one hand, it helps you to improve your comprehensive ability and expression abilities a lot because sometimes it’s badly difficult to express some means or ideas using what suitable characters. On the other hand, translating is not one thing only including one side, but two sides-the original test and version. Reading more books can let you be more familiar with mutual transformation between Chinese and English. At the same time,reading more Chinese translation books is also a good choice. Because every country
考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结 词类转译： 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译） As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。（动词转译） The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换） 3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译） The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译） 4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译） 词义选择和引申： 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）
1. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren’t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody’s feelings need be considered. 参加晚会的人也明白这种场合省去了许多麻烦的礼节性应酬。因为没有东道主，所以不必特意感谢什么人，或是费神与缩在角落里没人理睬的客人搭讪。既然不是哪一个人买单（同样也不是哪一个人慷慨地为来宾提供免费私人长途电话），所以哪一个人的感受都不需要考虑。 2. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. 所有这一切均为盛情款待——每个人都可以欣然接受，就像平日里一直顺手牵羊把办公室的毡头墨水笔放入自家口袋一样。 3. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. 对那些仍然隐约记得生活中有付出才有获得之理的人而言，这种无忧无虑的公司娱乐简直就像是神赐的福祉。 4. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. 另外，邀请函上通常注明“以及佳宾”之类的话，目的是为了避开谁和谁仍是伴侣以及配偶如何称呼等敏感问题。 5. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality. 但是这些配偶会记住此事，并私下斥责公司唆使员工不诚实。 6. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. 这些人之间很少会孳生真正的办公室恋情，因为此类行为难免有待人偏袒和公私混淆之嫌。 7. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning. 他们试图在短短的一夜之内，逾越老板多年来千辛万苦构筑的用于抵挡这类恳求的层层阶梯和壁垒。 8. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence? 无拘无束、开诚布公不就意味着一吐为快而不必担心影响自己的事业前途吗？ 9. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. 谁和谁结伴出席晚会是令礼节小姐和任何一位明智的雇主都感到难以查清楚的事情。不过可以让员工自己填写同行的配偶或朋友的姓名。 10. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. 聪明的员工会在穿着上与上司们保持同一风格，因为他们深知，几乎没有哪个场合有人会因为穿得不够惹眼而被人指指点点。在公司晚会中拒绝或尽量少喝酒的做法无人指责，但在私