33 What Do Parents Owe<欠> Their Children
父母欠子女什么？
1. If I had to select<选择，挑选> a word that best describes the majority of American parents, that word would be guilt-ridden<内疚>. How sad it is to see parents become the willing victims<牺牲者> of the "give-me game", only to discover that, no matter what they do, it isn't enough. In the end, they are despised<轻视，蔑视>for their lack of firmness<坚定> and blamed<责备>when their spoiled<宠坏的> children get in trouble. With this in mind, I shall first answer this question:" What do parents owe their children?" and I shall start with what they don't owe them.
1. 如果我必须挑选一个词，来描述美国的大多数父母，这个词便是“内疚”。目睹父母们甘愿做“给我游戏”的牺牲者是很令人伤心的。但我们发现无论他们怎么做，都还是不够。到最后，父母们都会因自己的软弱而受到蔑视，因他们宠坏的孩子惹出事端而受到责备。认识到这些，我们应该首先回答这个问题：“父母欠子女些什么？”而我首先要从他们不欠子女什么谈起。
2. Parents don't owe their children every minute of their day and every ounce<一点儿，盎司> of their energy. They don't owe them round-the-clock<时时刻刻的全天候的> car service, singing lessons, tennis lessons, expensive bicycles, a motorcycle or a car when they reach sixteen, or a trip to Europe when they graduate<毕业>.
2. 父母不必把分分秒秒、点点滴滴的精力都花在孩子们身上。不必时时准备替他们开车外出，不必让他们上音乐课或网球课，不必给他们买很贵的自行车、摩托车、或在他们满十六岁时给他们买汽车，也不必在他们毕业时出钱让他们去欧洲旅游。父母并不欠子女这些。
3. I take the firm position<确信>that parents do not owe their children a college education. If they can afford it, fine; they can certainly send them to the best universities. But they must not feel guiltily<内疚地> if they can't. If the children really want to go, they'll find a way. There are plenty of loans<贷款项目> and scholarships<金学金>for the bright and eager who can't afford to pay.
3. 我还确信父母并不欠孩子高等教育的费用。如果付的起，很好，他们当然可以将子女送进一流大学。但付不起亦无须感到愧疚。假如子女们真愿意上大学，他们自己会
找到办法。因为有许多为聪明好学而又无力支付学费的年轻人设立的贷款项目和奖学金。
4. After children marry, their parents do not owe them a down payment<底金，首付> on a house or money for the furniture<家具>. They do not have an obligation<债务，义务，责任> to baby-sit<照顾婴儿> or to take their grandchildren in their house when the parents were on vacation. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor<恩惠>, not an obligation.
4. 孩子结婚后，父母无须为他们分期付款买房子而出底金，无须为他们购买家具，也不一定要照顾孙辈。倘若父母乐意这么做，子女应把这看作恩惠而不是义务。
5. In my opinion, parents do not owe their children an inheritance<遗产>, no matter how much money they have. One of the surest ways to produce a loafer<流浪者，懒虫> is to let children know that their future is assured<有保障>. 5. 在我看来，无论父母多么有钱，都不一定要给子女一笔遗产。让子女知道自己前途已有保障无疑最能使他们变为懒虫。
6. Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
6. 那么，父母难道就不欠子女什么了吗？不，欠得很多很多。
7. One of their chief<主要的> obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth of self-esteem<自尊心>is the basis of a good mental<精神的> health. A youngster<少年>, who is constantly<时常，不断地>made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters or cousins<堂兄弟姐妹>, will become so unsure, so afraid of failing, that he (or she) won't try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticisms<批评> should be balanced with praises, preferably<更好的> with a smile and a kiss. No child is ever too old to be hugged. Parents owe their children firm guidance<引导> and consistent discipline<管束>. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself<随心所欲>; it's like being in a car without brakes<刹车>. The parents who say "No" when other parents say "Yes" sends a double message. He is also saying: "I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I don't want you to get into trouble."
7.父母最主要的责任之一就是使孩子们尊重自己的价值。因为只有自尊自重才是健康的精神状态的基础。如果总让孩子感到自己愚蠢无用，总是把他与聪明的兄弟姐妹比较，他就会变得缺乏信心，惧怕失败，结果连尝试一下的勇气都没有了。当然，孩子
有错误应当及时纠正，这样孩子才能有所长进。不过有批评也须有表扬，微笑和亲吻是比较好的方式。孩子再大也可以拥抱。父母有义务对孩子进行不间断的引导和管束。让十几岁的孩子觉得自己可以随心所欲是危险的，那就和坐在没有刹车的汽车里一样。当别的父母让孩子放任自流时，管束孩子的父母实际上让孩子接收到了一种双重信息。在说“不行”的同时，他们的意思也包含了：“我们爱你。我们知道你会生气，但我们不愿让你陷入困境。”
8. Parents owe their children some religious<宗教的> training. The fact that so many strange cults<宗教团体，一群信徒> are enjoying such success is proof<证明>that children feel the need for something spiritual<精神的>in their life.
8.父母有义务给予孩子一些宗教训练。事实上，很多奇怪的宗教团体享受着成功，这正说明了孩子们在他们的生活中，需要一些精神上的东西。
9. Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance<平衡，均衡，相抵> the misinformation<错误概念>that they will surely receive from their friends.
9.父母也有义务注意孩子的身心健康，教给孩子必要的性知识，使他能够抵御那些将来无疑会从朋友们那儿得到的错误概念。
10. Parents owe their children privacy<隐私> and respect for<尊重> their personal belongings<财务>. This mean s not borrowing things without permission<允许，批准>, not reading diaries and mail, not looking through purses, pockets, and drawers. If a mother feels that she must read her daughter's diary to know what is going on, the communication between them must be pretty bad.
10.父母还应给予孩子们个人空间，尊重属于他的物品。这包括未经孩子同意不使用他的东西。不看他的日记和信件，不检查他的钱包、抽屉或衣袋。倘若一位母亲感到不看女儿的日记就不知道女儿的情况时，她们之间的关系便已到了相当糟糕的地步了。
11. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by example<以身作则>. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory or towels<毛巾> from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing<开朗> and loving<友爱>.
11.最后，父母还有责任教给子女一系列处世准则，包括教育他们尊重别人的权利与
意见，尊重长辈，尊重师长，遵守纪律。而最好的教育方法便是以身作则。受到骗的孩子会去骗人。孩子若看到家长从工厂里偷工具或在旅馆里偷毛巾便会以为偷窃不是错事。在家里看不见家长的笑脸，得不到爱抚的孩子将来很难变得开朗和友爱。12. No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the children something. And if you give him his due<应得的>, he'll have something of value to pass along<传递> to your grandchildren.
12.没有任何孩子是自己要求出世的。倘若你将一个生命带到世界上来，你便对他负有义务。如果你给予了他应得的，他也将会有一些有价值的东西传给你的孙辈们。
课后练习：
1. How sad it is to see parents become the willing ____ of the "give-me game”, only lo discover that, no matter what they do, it isn't enough.
A. victory
B. vicinity
C. victims
D. victimize
2. In the end, they are____ for their lack of firmness and blamed when their spoiled children get in trouble.
A. despited
B. despised
C. dispersed
D. dispatched
3. A youngster, who____ stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters or cousins, will become unsure.
A. is made feel
B. was made feeling
C. makes to feel
D. is made to feel
4. No child is ever too old to be______.
A. hanged
B. hung
C. hugged (被动语态)
D. huge
5. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is ___ himself.
A. on the charge of
B. in change
C. in the charge of
D. in charge of
6. The fact ____ so many strange cult are enjoying such success is proof _____ children feel the need for something spiritual in their life.
A. that, which
B. which, that
C. that, what
D. that, that
7. It means being _____ to elders, to teachers, and to the law.
A. respected
B. respectable
C. respectful（be respectful to sb. 尊敬某人）
D. respective
8. And if you give him his due, he'll have something of value to ____ to your grandchildren.
A. pass away
B. pass by
C. pass along
D. pass up
补充练习：
1. A child who is ____ to will lie.
A lied
B lie
C lay
D lain
区别：be in charge of 和 be in the charge of
●be in charge of 是主动的,指对...有掌控权；如：He is in charge of the island.
●be in the charge of 是被动的,指被...控制/支配/管理, 如：The island is in the
charge of him.
2016年. 【农民】__theirland. 丧失 ,__provedthathewasn'tworkinghardenough.非限制性定语 倒装句 Athens同位语 翻译：奥林匹克马拉松赛跑为26英里，385码.大约为马拉松到雅典的距离 ,wedecided totakethetrain.完成被动的非谓语动词形式 与…打成一片 【记录】theplain【平常的，简单的】facts【事实，真相】ofsmalltownlife. 非谓语动词 抚养 ：为了 ''tknowmorethanyoudo. ''llmoveinsoonandweneedtobuy__furniture. 【药方】 【生物学家】doesnotmerely【仅仅】describe【描述】organisms【有机物】,buttriestolearn__actastheydo. "Hashecomeback....Yes,he__back forthreedays. 【32课】同位语 翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。 ,theearth__coveredbywater.【55课】虚拟语气
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36 To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命 （be content with 对…满足；lot n. 命运） 1. Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet<但是> ultimately
模拟试題一 I. Vocabulary Sectio n A Directions: There are 10 in complete senten ces in this secti on. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE an swer that best completes the sentence and mark your an swer on the an swer sheet. 1.1 could just see a car in the dista nee, but I could n't __ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 2. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been ___ A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 3. You should these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw dow n C. throw up D. throw away 4. _____ their suggestions we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard t o C. With regard of D. Regardless for 5. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ________ e ye. A. n aked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 6. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opport un ities B. n ecessities C. probabilities D. realities 7. I found myself completely ____ by his vivid performanee. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 8. Although the exam in atio n he had passed was uni mporta nt, his success ___ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. en couraged 9. This is the first time you have been late. A. un der no circumsta nces B. on no acco unt C. by no means D. for no reas on 10. The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up Secti on B Directi ons: There are 10 senten ces in this sect ion. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keep ing the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the an swer sheet. - II. The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away. A. almost B. esse ntially C. always D. convenien tly
4 How to Negotiate<谈判> with Americans 如何与美国人谈判 1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。 2.美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!” 但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉快的和自在的，但是它同时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。
3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重要的。美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。（that 引导定语从句，可以译为：美国人自由地使用幽默感，这种幽默感比英国人更加直接。）如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。 4.美国人不拘礼节。商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。你的生意伙伴很可能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。
5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领域都强。在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。 6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。相比之下，发展与商业伙伴的个人关系（与得到的谈判结果相比）就不是那么重要了。 7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。金融情况时刻受到关注（或直译为“财务业绩每季上报”），这对在短期内保证收益很重要。因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生命”这一条款。所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解为无礼，而是因为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试 课后练习及答案 目录 1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2) 2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2) 3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4) 4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5) 5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7) 6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9) 7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11) 8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13) 9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16) 10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） 课后练习： 1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____. A. treatment B.requirement C.management D.improvement 2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time. A.bring up https://www.doczj.com/doc/4113694142.html,e up C.dress up D.show up 3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date. A.that B.what C.who D.where 4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people. A.Traditionally B.Additionally C.Conditionally D.Exceptionlly 5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. A.essentially B.entirelly C.extremely D.especially 6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】. A.anticipate B.participate C.preserve D.announce 7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problem A.look into B.look on C. look over D.look through 答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A 2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版) 课后练习： 1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problem A.identify B.identity C. identical D.identification
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理
59. Forest Fires: a Major Disaster 森林大火：可怕的灾难 1.The United States Forest Service<林业局>defines a wildfire<野火，山火>as “any fire that b urns uncontrolled in vegetative
2016年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off theconversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理 begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行） discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）
2016年中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D
45 How to Become a Scientist 怎样才能成为一名科学家 1.Looking back at the time,nearly seventy years ago,when the love of science took hold of<吸引，控制住>me,I think of no big event but of many small things that influenced me.As a child I read books and learned lessons,but I did not have much curiosity<好奇>about the natural world<自然界>.This began to change when I looked at the stars.In Australia,where I grew up,the skies are often clear.I learned to recognize the stars and the constellations
52 Sales Promotion 产品促销 1. Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities<推销活动>other than<不同于，除了，绝不是>advertising, personal selling, and publicity<宣传>. As such<因此>, any promotional activities that do not fall under<归入…类> the other three activities of the promotion mix are considered sales promotion. The trade often uses the term indiscriminately
40 Fundamental<基本的> Techniques in Handling<处理> People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying<奄奄一息地躺在> in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging<寄住的，暂住的> house directly across the street from Ford's Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched<伸展> diagonally