作业
1．第1题
Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?
A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortals
B.They never die
C.They got gods' favor
D.They had some defect to balance out their power
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
2．第2题
Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.
A.origin
B.source
C.subject
D.example
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
3．第3题
Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?
A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular god
B.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to another
C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day
D.Temples were built in honor of gods
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
4．第4题
Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?
A.They were immortal
B.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the living
C.They were also mortal
D.They had exceptional power
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
5．第5题
Herod was the king who was___.
A.happy to learn the birth of Jesus
B.jealous of Jesus
C.ready to help Jesus
D.ill then
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
6．第6题
The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.
A.before the 6th century BC
B.before coming into contact with Greek culture
C.after conquering Greece
D.after coming into contact with foreign culture
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
7．第7题
Roman mythology is actually___.
A.of Greek culture
B.not purely Roman
C.from African culture
D.of Asian nature
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
8．第8题
The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as
_________.
A.beings with human emotions who lived above us
B.beings with human emotions who lived among us
C.dominating figures with super-physical powers
D.dominating figures with super-natural influence
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
9．第9题
The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.
A.life and death
B.nature and culture
C.self and society
D.the content of the narratives
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
10．第10题
Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.
A.all parts of the world
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f12048345.html,
C.the Americas
D.Africa
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
11．第11题
The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.
A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient Greece
B.the patriarchal social system in Ancient Greece
C.the communal marriage in the primitive society
D.the communal structure in the primitive society
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
12．第12题
Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?
A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible
B.They recognized no single truth
C.They believed no single code
D.They had various beliefs
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
13．第13题
The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.
A.the Romans
B.the Jews
C.the Christians
D.the Muslims
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
14．第14题
Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.
A.was a Greek prince who
B.was a Trojan prince who
C.was a Greek hero who
D.was a Trojan hero who
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
15．第15题
According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.
A.Pandora
B.Zeus
C.Chaos
D.Cronus
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
16．第16题
A gospel in the New Testament ___.
A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings
B.is a biography of heroes
C.is an autobiography
D.is a biography of divine figures
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
17．第17题
Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?
A.Christianity reached England
B.The Bible remained in Latin
C.The Bible was in the hands of the church;
D.The Bible in English began to spread in England
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
18．第18题
According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.
A.the kingdom of God
B.the human persons
C.the Holy Spirit
D.God
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
19．第19题
The kingdom of God refers to__.
A.the creation of God
B.the rule of God
C.the love of God
D.the land of God
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
20．第20题
Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?
A.His mother was Mary
B.His real father was Joseph
C.His mother got pregnant after being engaged to Joseph
D.His mother got pregnant by the Holy Spirit
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
21．第21题
Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.
A.a scandal
B.a luck
C.incredible
D.unfortunate
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
22．第22题
In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.
A.a prophet
B.the second Adam
C.the Son of God
D.the almighty God
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
23．第23题
According to the New Testament the Christian church __.
A.identified itself as the kingdom
B.spoke more of the kingdom of God
C.spoke more of salvation
D.spoke more of material comfort
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
24．第24题
William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.
A.the Latin text
B.the Greek text
C.the Hebrew text
D.the French text
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
25．第25题
The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.
A.12 is a lucky number
B.they were the only apostles Jesus had
C.they were the only apostles Jesus could select
D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
26．第26题
It was ____who unified England for the first time.
A.King Edward and his successors
B.King Arthur and his successors
C. King William and his successors
D.King Alfred and his successors
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
27．第27题
1066 marked the__.
A.defeat of the Vikings
B.Norman Conquer of England
C.death of William I
D.death of Alfred the Great
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
28．第28题
___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.
A.the gods
B.the devils
C.the mortals
D.the heroes
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
29．第29题
Which is not true in the following about Zeus?
A.He established a new regime of gods
B.He made war on his father
C.He ruled the sea
D.He made war on the Titans
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
30．第30题
According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.
A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty
B.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty
C.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty
D.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
31．第31题
The early Christians were against ___.
A.Greek culture
B.Roman culture
C.Hebrew culure
D.pagan culture
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
32．第32题
By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.
A.Pandora
B.Zeus
C.Chaos
D.Cronus
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
33．第33题
A myth is ___.
A.an accepted narrative
B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted
C.a tradition
D.a retelling
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
34．第34题
No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than
Oedipus for __.
A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother
B.he was abandoned by his parents
C.he was reared by a shepherd
D.he survived
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
35．第35题
The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape,
which was__.
A.somewhat realistic
B.somewhat idealized
C.strongly realistic
D.strongly idealized
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
36．第36题
According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.
A.something can be produced from nothing
B.ancient Greece was a matriarchal society
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f12048345.html,munal marriage was prevalent in Ancient Greece
D.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
37．第37题
The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.
A.geographical
B.historical
C.scientific
D.practical
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
38．第38题
The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.
A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;
B.from a mixture of Greek and Latin
C.from a mixture of Greek and Latin
D.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
39．第39题
Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?
A.His family fled into Egypt
B.His family stayed in Egypt until Herod's death
C.His family came into the land of Israel when Herod died
D.His family returned home at last
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
40．第40题
Before the First Crusade, Jews__.
A.lived in the monasteries
B.lived in the cities
C.were forced into the cities
D.were forced out of the cities
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
41．第41题
Jews in the cities were good at__.
A.doing business
B.borrowing money
C.craftsmanship
D.farming
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
42．第42题
The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.
A.began with the Renaissance
B.began with the fall of Byzantium
C.ended with the Renaissance
D.ended with the disappearance of the Roman Catholic Church 您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
43．第43题
The Spanish monarchy was __.
A.set up by the Christians
B.overcome by the Muslims
C.set up by the Muslims
D.overcome by the Jews
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
44．第44题
Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.
A.the shortage of cultivated land
B.the shortage of food supply
C.the new methods of agriculture
D.the disastrous change of climate
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
45．第45题
Black Death caused __.
A.more harm in the countryside
B.no harm in the country
C.more harm in the cities
D.no harm in the cities
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
46．第46题
In the 13th century, many schools _.
A.were organized into universities
B.gave way to universities
C.were state-run
D.were government-funded
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
47．第47题
The First Crusade was important because __.
A.it conquered the land of the Muslims
B.the Pope rescued the Byzantine Empire
C.it was the first example of European expansionism
D.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
48．第48题
Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.
A.really weakened the power of the church
B.really weakened the power of the king
C.spoke for the common people
D.spoke for the nobles
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
49．第49题
Romanesque style appeared_.
A.earlier than Gothic style
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f12048345.html,ter than Gothic style
C.higher and lighter
D.more mysterious
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
50．第50题
___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.
A.Those who believed in God
B.Those who did not believe in Christianity
C.Jews only
D.Muslims only
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
作业总得分：100.0
Part I Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. ****** 1 ****** 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West. A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke
欧洲文化入门参考资料 这是一本中国大学生了解欧洲文化的英语教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。 《欧洲文化入门》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 1、课程英文名称：European Culture: An Introduction 2、课程类别：专业限选课程 3、课程学时：32学时 4、学分：2 5、先修课程：《高级英语》、《英国文学选读》、《美国文学选读》 6、适用专业：英语 7、大纲执笔：英语专业教研室 8、大纲审批：外语系学术委员会 9、制定(修订)时间：2005 二、课程的目的与任务： 本课程为专业选修课程，旨在通过该课程的学习，学生比较系统地学习有关欧洲文化的基本知识，以提高学生的文化知识和文化修养，并为以后开专业课提供大量重要的背景文化知识，从而更好地了解和学习英语，提高文学欣赏水平。 三、课程的基本要求： 本教学大纲对象是高等院校英语专业高年级学生，全部用英语授课。 了解欧洲文化对英语发展的影响和欧洲文化发展的脉络； 了解来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等； 了解欧洲各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物； 将欧洲文化与同时期的中国文化进行比较； 学生应准备一些工具书、参考书、选本、译本。 四、教学内容、要求及学时分配： 希腊、罗马文化 基督教及其《圣经》 中世纪 文艺复兴与宗教改革 十七世纪 启蒙运动 浪漫主义 马克思主义与达尔文学说 现实主义 现代主义及其它 五、考试考核办法：笔试 六、教材及参考书：
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) 1. ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3.
________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns
四川大学外国语学院638 基础英语、918 英语专业综合知识考研全套资料真题答案辅导笔记模拟卷 2015年弘毅考研川大分部研究生团队已达50多人，涵盖经济、法学、文学、新传、外国语、艺术、历史、旅游、数学、化学、生物、电子、材料、机械、电气、计算机、环境、水土、水利、化工、发酵、行管、教经、社保、商院、体育、马克思、护理、口腔、公卫、预防、药学等30多个院系专业，是目前专业课考研最权威的专业团队，以“弘毅川大考研论坛”为基石，各个专业的学长学姐给您答疑解惑。为您全程护航。 2015年四川大学考研的成功与否，不仅仅取决于自己是否足够努力，更多在于自己能否拿到真正有价值的川大专业课备考复习资料和获得内部考研信息，这将极大地决定着自己一年的辛苦努力是否能划上圆满的句号。 鉴于此，弘毅考研根据自己多年考研专业课成功辅导经验，联合川大高分研究生团队，同时和高分研究生团队一起将最有价值的考研复习资料通过科学的排版，荣誉推出了2015版《弘毅胜卷系列——完备复习指南、历年真题解析、高分辅导讲义、最后三套模拟卷》专业精品复习资料，该辅导系统从根本上解决了广大考研学子考研专业课信息不对称、考研专业课复习难度大等问题，三年来倍受好评，每年考取我校的大部分同学来自我们川大考研论坛的全程辅导，“弘毅胜卷”也成为每一个报考四川大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业的考生人手一册、不可或缺的考研专业课复习备考资料。 《弘毅胜卷》的特点： 1.“全”：本资料把参考书可能考到的知识点都全部列出，并做了详细的讲解，并对历年真题进行透彻的解析； 2.“简”：为不增加考生负担，对考点的讲解，尽量做到精简，除去了教材繁琐臃肿的语言，直击要害； 3.“具实用性”：各高校考题的重复率非常高。针对此规律，本资料将专业涉及到的真题举例附在每个考点后面，方便大家查阅。 4.“具时效性”：本资料会根据最新的招生简章和目录、最新的参考书目和考试大纲对资料进行及时调整、更新，让弘毅胜卷臻于完善！ 提醒：为保证产品质量，我们在反盗版技术上投入了很大人力物力，首先在阅读体验上远远超越盗版资料（加了水印和红白页，复印基本看不清楚），同时弘毅考研每年均根据当年最新考试要求进行改版升级并提供超值的售后服务，并将后续重要资料分期发送，盗版将丢失这些重要资料，请考生务必谨慎辨别，不要为了省一点小钱购买其他机构或个人销售的盗版材料而耽误备考，甚至影响前途的大事情。同时也请大家支持正版，你们一如既往的支持，是我们一直大力度的投入开发的动力。
1、Two major elements in European culture：the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 2、The Homer epics consists of the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece，led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and Odysseus on the Greek. In the final battle，Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. 3、古希腊三大悲剧家：Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides Works of Aeschylus：Prometheus Bound，Persians，and Agamemnon .There are only two actors and one chorus in these plays. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry.Works of Sophocles：Oedipus the King，Electra，and Antigone （theme：the difficult choice between public duty and private feeling）. He has had a great impact on European culture. The Oedipus complex（恋母情结）、Electra（恋父情结）were derived from his plays Work of Euripides：Andromache，Medea，and Trojan Women. He was more of a realist than other two. His characters are less heroic，more like ordinary people. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” 4.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”，wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians . His history is full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue. 5.Thucydides is more accurate as an historian. He told about the war between Athens and Syracuse ，a Greek state on the island of Sicily. He traced events to their causes and brought out their effects. Macaulay called Thucydides “the greatest historian that ever lived” 6.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. He was t he founder of scientific mathematics. 7.Heracleitus believed fire to be the primary element of the universe，out of which everything else had arisen. To him,“all is flux，nothing is stationary”. He alsosaid，“you cannot step twice into the same river；for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you. The sun is new everyday”he held the theory of the mingling of opposites and believed that it was the strife between the opposites that produced harmony. 8.Democtitus speculated about the atomic structure of matter. Indeed，he was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory. He was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and Marx`s first published work was a study of Democritus. 9Socrates taught Plato，who taught Aristotle. They were active in Athens in the 5th and the 4th century B.C. Socrates was known through Dialogues by Plato. Socrates liked to talk with people in the marketplace and in the streets ，asking and answering questions. He was ready to discuss anything in heaven and earth，specializing in exposing fallacies. When words like justice ，religiousness，virtue，wisdom，ect. Were used by others，he would ask the speaker to explain them and then dissect the answers to show how they were wrong and or illogical. This method of argument，by questioning and answering，has come to be known as the dialectical method. Plato showed himself a brilliant stylist，writing with wit and grace. His Dialogues are important not only as philosophical writing but also as imaginative literature. His other works: Apology（Socrates` defense of himself at the trial），Symposium （about beauty and love），and the Republic（about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets） Plato built up a comprehensive system of philosophy. It dealt with the problems of how，in the complex，ever —changing the world，men were to attain knowledge. The reply he gave was：men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas”，like beauty，truth，goodness. Only these ideas are completely real，while the physical world is only relatively real. For this reason，Plato`s philosophy is called Idealism. Many of his ideas were absorbed into Christian thought Aristotle studied in Plato`s Academy for years. Later he became the tutor of Alexander the Macedonian King. In him the great humanist and the great man of science meet. On logic, moral philosophy，politics，metaphysics（形而上学），psychology，physics，zoology，poetry，rhetoric，he wrote epoch-making works，which dominated Europe thought for more than a thousand years. He did much to form，through his various and diverse interpreters，the philosophical，scientific and cosmological outlook of an entire world. Dante called him “the master of those who know” His works：Ethics（an introduction to moral philosophy），Politics，Poetics（a treatise on literary theory），and Rhetoric （dealing with the art of persuading an audience） Aristotle differed from his teacher in following ways：for one thing，Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato`s reliance on subjective thinking；also，he thought that “form”（idea）and matter together made up concrete individual realities. Here ，he differed from Plato who held that ideas had a higher reality than the physical world Aristotle thought happiness that could only be achieved by leading a life of reason，goodness and contemplation should be a man`s aim in life. 10.contending schools of thought:百家争鸣 The Cynics：got their name because Diogenes，one of their leaders，decided to live like a dog and the word “cynic”means“dog”in Greek. He rejected all conventions—whether of religion，of manner，dress，housing，food，or of decency. In fact，he lived by begging. He proclaimed his brotherhood，not only with the whole human race，but also with animals. On the other hand，he had no patience with the rich and the powerful The Sceptics （诡辩学家）followed Pyrrhon，who held that not all knowledge was attainable. Hence he and his followers doubted t the truth of what others accepted as true. The Epicureans were disciples of Epicurus，who believed pleasure to be the highest good in life，but by pleasure he meant，not sensual enjoyment，but freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. This he thought could be attained by the practice of virtue. His teaching wa s misunderstood by later people and the word“Epicurean”has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living. Epicurus was a materialist. Opposed to the Epicureans were the Stoics. To them，the most important thing in life was not pleasure，but duty. This developed into the theory that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage. The chief Stoic was Zeno. He was also a materialist，asserting the existence of the real world. He believed that there is no such thing as chance，and that the course of nature is rigidly determined by natural laws. In the life of an individual man，virtue is the solo good；such things as health，happiness，possessions，are of no account. Since virtue resides in the will，everything good or bad in a man`s life depends only upon himself. If he has to die, he should die nobly，like Socrates. Greek architecture three styles：a.the Doric style （masculine style. powerful, sturdy, showing a good sense of propotion）, the Ionic style(feminine style), the Corinthian style(oranmental luxury) There famous temples: the Acropplis at Athens, the Parthenon. The impact of Greek culture: a,The Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other Eruropean countries.b. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and phylosophy. Their spirt of innovation had immence influence in later generations c. The Greek is the birthland of the democracy. d.They set a great example of thinking rationally and logically. e. In literature, they have exerted an influence which can be still felt today. Epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, lyric poetry, historical writing f.architecture, sculpture. Romans and Greeks异同：Common:a. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of cittizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. b. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified-Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on-and their myth to be fused. c.Their languages worked in similar ways, and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Banglandesh to Iceland. Difference: a.The Romans built up a vast empire: The Greeks didn’t. b.The Romans were confident in their military and administrative capabilities. c.The Greeks enjoyed an artistic and intellectural inheritance much richer than the Romans. Roman peace: The emperors relied on a strong army-the famous Roman regions-and an efficient bureaucracy to exert their rule, which was facilitated by a well-developed system of roads. Thus the Romans enjoyed a long period of oece lasting 200 years, a remarkable phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana. Virgil:The greatest of Latin poet, wrote the greatest epic, the Aeneid. Tragic hero: Aeneas was a truely tragic hero because to fufil his hitoric mission he had to betray the great passion of his life. While he gained an empire, his love for Dido, qyeen of Carhage. While he gained an empire, he lost something no empire could compensate, happiness in life. The Colosseum:斗兽场It is an enormous amphitheatre built in the centre of Rome in imperial times. It held more than 5000 spectatots. The relationship between Judaism and Christianity: They are closely related. the Jewish tradition gave birth to Christianity. Both originated in Palestine-the
作业 1．第1题 Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true? A.It was the worst famine in European history. B.It lasted for seven hard years. C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies. D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family. B.She grew up with a strong religious belief. C.Charles refused her to accompany the army. D.She was burned at stake. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____. A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah. B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an. C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted. D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death? A.the regional and ethnic diversity B.the conflicts between different successors to the throne
2014年10月北京自考欧洲文化入门模拟试题和答案100017 一、Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points，2 points each) 第1题 In the second half of the 4th century B.C.， all Greece was brought under the rule of___________ ，King of Macedon. A. Homer B. Sophocles C. Alexander D. Alfred 【正确答案】 C 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第2题 In ancient Greece，plays were performed in_____________. A. theatres B. open-air sports ground C. private houses D. open-air theatres 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第3题 The first emperor of the Roman Empire was________________. A. Constantine B. Julius Caesar C. Octavius D. Augustus 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第4题 The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean______________. A. wanderers B. travelers
欧洲文化入门复习资料第七部分 2006-4-28 16:6自考365社区【大中小】【我要纠错】 第七章 1、Romanticism名词解释 Romanticism was a movement in literature，philosophy，music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Starting from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement （狂飙运动）in Germany. Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations （灵感）above those of society. As a reaction （反应）to the industrial revolution （工业革命），it looked to （承上启下）the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature （与大自然的直接接触）for inspiration （灵感）。Romanticism gave impetus （动力支持）to the national liberation movement （民族解放运动） in 19th century Europe. 2、The literary and philosophical trend （倾向）in the Romantic philosophy was represented by Transcendentalism.（先验论） 3、the theoretical （理论上的）groundwork （基础）for capitalism was Adam Smith…s the wealth of Nations. 4、Brotherhood最早由犬儒派提出，惠特曼的草叶集也提到 5、French revolution with its slogans （口号）of liberty （自由），equality and universal brotherhood. 6、Blake —→Songs of Innocence （清白之歌）happy world —→Songs of Experience （经验之歌）bitter world （苦涩） 7、The Laker poets （The Lakers） ①Wordsworth —→Lyrical Ballads （抒情民谣）与Coleridge 合写 —→The Prelude （序曲） ②Coleridge —→Kubla Khan （忽必烈汗）exotic culture （外来文化） —→The Rime of the ancient Mariner （古舟船泳） 8、Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic literature. 9、Coleridge…s works possessed the characteristic of exotic culture. （外来文 化） 10、Byron —→Isles of Greece （希腊诸岛）
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记 1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture. 2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 第一章 1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. 2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour. 3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会) 4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‘s epics was created by Homer. 5、The events of Homer‘s own time. (错) (They are not about events of Homer‘s own time，probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.) 6、The Homer‘s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. 7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad. 8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey. 9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‘s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。In the 20th century. 10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C. 11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus 《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》 ②Sophocles(之首) 《Oedipus the King》—→Freud‘s “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) —→David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页 ③Euripides A.《Trojan Women》 B. He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物 C. Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人) D. Realism can be traced back (追溯到) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具体来说)，Euripides. 12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页 Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers )华兹华兹 13、History (Historical writing)史学创作新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游