第三讲主谓一致
概说：“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。
重点：主谓一致的指导原则
难点：主谓一致实际应用
内容：
“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。
1.1 指导原则
主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。
1．语法一致
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。
Every girl comes on time.
Both boys have their own merits.
2．意义一致
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
3．就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
Either my brothers or my father is coming.
Only one out of five were present.
2.1 具体实例
上述关于主谓一致的指导原则在实际使用中往往受到习惯用法和不同语体、语域的制约，因而中国学生往往会产生疑难。下面从几个容易引起疑难问题的来阐明主谓一致关系。
1.以-S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们当中有的作单数用，有的作复数用，有的既可作单数也可作复数用，这就造成实际使用上的困难，因此值得注意。
（1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称
英语中有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的，如arthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis(支气管炎)，rickets(软骨病)，mumps(腮腺炎)，diabetes(糖尿病)等，这类名称通常作单数用。
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
但也有一些疾病名称既可作单数也可作复数用。
Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition.
表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用,但也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用。
Darts is essentially a free and easy game.
Cards are not allowed here.
（2）以-ics结尾的学科名称
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、optics(光学)、acoustics(声学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)、athletics(体育学)、tactics(兵法)等，通常作单数用。但若这类名词表示“学科”以外的其它意义，便可作复数用。
Mathematics is the study of numbers.
My mathemetics(运算能力)are rather shaky.
（3）以-s结尾的地理名称
某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)，the Netherlands(荷兰)等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.
The Himalayas have a magnificent varity of plant and animal life.
（4）其他以-s结尾的名词
英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors（剪子），pincers （钳子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短裤）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。
Joe’s new trousers are black and white.
One pair of scissors isn’t eno ugh.
英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives（档案）, arms（武器）, clothes（衣服）, contents（内容，目录）, eaves（屋檐）, fireworks（烟火）, goods（货物）, minutes（记录）, morals（道德，品行）等，通常作复数。但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可。
The archives of this society are kept in the basement.
The dramatics(舞台艺术)of the performance was / were marvelous.
凡是由-ing结尾的名词，如clippings（剪下来的东西）, diggings（掘出的东西）, earnings （收入）, lodgings（租住的房间）, surroundings（环境）等，通常作复数用。
The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.
还有一些以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词，如barracks（营房）, headquarters（总部）, means （方法，手段）, series（系列）, species（种类）等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数，还是用作复数。
The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms.
All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
2.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
集体名词在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数，如committee, government, team, group等。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。这种选择通常遵循以下规则：
（1）通常作复数的集体名词
有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, poultry, vermin等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
（2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise等，通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
（3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
还有一些集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public等，既可作单数，也可作复数。如果将该名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，动词用单数；如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，则动词用复数。
The anti-crime committee makes its report tomorrow.
That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.
That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance.
（4）A committee, etc. of ＋复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a (the) board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.
3.以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
如果句子的主语是并列结构，主语的单、复数意义往往会影响谓语动词的形式。这种主谓一致问题通常遵循以下规则：
（1）由and / both…and连接的并列主语
由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，如果表示单数意义，动词就用单数。
The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.
Ham and egg is a good breakfast.
有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，动词则用复数。
What I say and think are no business of yours.
当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every,或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。
Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.
Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.
（2）由or / nor / either...or等连接的并列主语
由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按“就近原则”处理。
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either my father or my brothers are calling.
Neither the Kansas players nor the coach was overconfident.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
（3）主语＋as much as, etc.
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
His brother rather than his parents is to blame.
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.
（4）主语＋as well as, etc.
当主语后面跟有由as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引
导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。
The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.
The truck along with all its contents was destroyed.
No one except two girls was late for dinner.
4.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
英语中有一些表示数量概念的名词词组。数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如three months, five kilos, six quarts等；另一类是非确定数量，如all of…, some of…, none of…等。这类名词词组作主语往往产生主谓一致问题。
（1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，有以下几条规则可遵循。
a)如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。
Three miles was too long a distance for Freedman to run.
There were six dollars in each of the stockings.
b)如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数（或百分数）+ of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。
Over sixty per cent of the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women.
c)两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。
Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.
Forty divided by eight is five.
Seven and five makes / make five.
Five times eight is / are forty.
d)如果主语由“one in / one out of +复数名词”构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数；在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。
One in ten students has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly damaged.
(2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
5.以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题
(1) 以名词性wh-分句作主语
由what, who, why, how, whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。而两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语时，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
(2) 以what-分句作主语的SVC结构
在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。
What was real to him were the details of his life.
(3) 以非限定性分句作主语
非限定分句作主语，动词通常用单数。而两个由and连接的并列非限定分句作主语时，如果指两件事，动词用复数；如果指一件事，动词用单数。
Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s morale.
Reading Ibsen and solving a quadratic equation are entirely different assignments.
6.关系分句、分裂句、存在句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系分句中的主谓一致问题
关系分句中的谓语动词单、复数形式通常依关系代词先行项的形式而定。
在“One of + 复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句代词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。但有时为了强调one，分句动词也可才有单数形式，这种情况在英国英语中较常见。如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词和强调词时，关系分句依one而定用单数。
I am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world are counted both infamous and unhappy.
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.
(2)分裂句中的主谓一致问题
分裂句中that / who- 分句的动词形式通常依先行项而定。
在“It is I / me + who－分句”中，分句动词现在时在人称和数的形式上应与I保持一致。但在非正式语体中，分裂句中心成分可用宾格代词me。随后的分句动词通常用第三人称单数。
It is I who am to blame.
It is me that is to blame.
(3)存在句中的主谓一致问题
存在句中谓语动词的单、复数形式一般取决于随后的“实义主语”的形式：实义主语为复数，动词用复数；实义主语不是复数，动词用单数。当用作实义主语的名词词组是个并列结构时，只要第一个并列成分不是复数，谓语动词便可以用单数。
There are three routes you can take.
There is a note left on the desk.
There is a long springboard and three rafts at varying distance from the shore.
讲练结合
1. Economics, several courses of which I have taken thus far, ______ to be difficult but useful for almost all students.
A. prove
B. proves
C. have been proved
D. are proved
2. A thousand miles no longer _______ much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours.
A. meant
B. means
C. mean
D. will mean
3. The secretary and treasurer of our company ______ the meeting.
A. were to attend
B. are to attend
C. is attend
D. is to attend
4. Cattle ______ to graze on the village common.
A. are allowed
B. is allowed
C. allows
D. allow
5. Mathematics as well as other subjects ____ a science.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. belong to
6. Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. have been
7. Large quantities of water ______ cooling purposes.
A. are needed for
B. is needed to
C. are needed to
D. is needed for
8. Copper as well as most metals____.
A. is a good conductor
B. is a good insulator
C. are good conductors
D. are good insulators
9. There used to be some trees by the lake, ____ ？
A. was there
B. were there
C. weren't there
D. wasn't there
10. Cattle____ to graze on the village common.
A. are allowed
B. is allowed
C. allows
D. allow
【答案与解析】
1.[答案]B.
[解析]该句考察学生主、谓语一致。其中several courses of which I have taken thus far为设置的干扰项。由于主语为表示学科的单数名词，故谓语应是单数形式。
2.[答案]B.
[解析]表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。
3.[答案]D.
[解析]C项结构错误，可先排除；由and所连接的两个名词，如果and后面的名词前没有冠词，谓语要用单数。故D项为正确答案。
4.[答案]A.
[解析]cattle 是集体名词，在形式上是单数，但在句中往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有：clergy mankind, militia, police, people, poultry等。
5.[答案]B.
[解析]此题主语是Mathematics，学科做主语时，是表示单数的意义的词，故只能在A、B两项中选择，而A时态不对， D. belong to属于。
6.[答案]C.
[解析] 当either, each, neither, everyone等不定代词作主语时，其后谓语需用第三人称单数。例如：a. Neither of these books is very new.这两本书都不新。 B. Each of the students brings a dictionary.学生各自带字典来。 C. Every man and woman is eligible to vote.每个男人或女人都有资格投票。
7.[答案]B.
[解析]表示数量的名词应做单数看待。
8.[答案]A.
[解析]as well as 在此并不是表示与主语并列关系，该句主语仅仅是copper.因此，选项A是正确的（conductor 导体，insulator绝缘体)。
9.[答案]C.
[解析]There used to 句型上相当于there be句型，所以此处用be提问。动词的数应与后面的名词一致。
10.[答案]A.
[解析]cattle 是集体名词，在形式上是单数，但在句中往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有：clergy mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等。
英语语法讲解——主谓一致 英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式. 主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结: 一, 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数. 如: A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里. 但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如: A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针). 2. 当each ...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no..., many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如: ①No man and no animal is to be found on the moo n. 在月球上没发现人和动物. ②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.
许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作. 3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数.如: Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are s tudying. 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程. 但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数.如: The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课. 4. 由not only... but also ... , either...or ... , neither... nor... , ... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.如: Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责. 5. 当主语由as well as, along with, together with, rathe r than, no less than（不少于，多达）, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定. 如: ①An iron and steal works, with some satellite factorie s is to be built here.
高中英语之“主谓一致” （**）主谓一致的概念。 所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间，即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。 （一）主谓一致的种类 一、【语法一致】 1. vand连接〉两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候，谓语动词有以下两种情况： （1）如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候，谓语动词用复数。 He and she ____ both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 （2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物，或者指同一概念的时候，谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer ___ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork ____ o n the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 2. 如果主语是＜不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句＞的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is coming seems very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。 3.定语从句的＜关系代词who, which, that＞在从句中作主语时，要与＜先行词＞的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用，谓语动词的数＜随主语的变化＞而变化。 例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。 二、［意义一致原则］ ，但在意义上却是复数；有指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数 的主语名词在形式上是复数，但在意义上却是单数。）不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语，谓语动词视情况而定。 All of the apples ___ rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple ____ rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money ____ l eft. 没有剩下一点钱。
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
高中英语主谓一致 1．名词作主语 1）有些词，如news,maths,physics,politics,the United States等在形式上是复数，但意义上为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。 The New York Times is widely read in the world. 2)某些集体名词，如family, team,等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief. 3）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 4）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 5）如果主语有more than one很多非常…或many a许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 6）“one of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 One of the students in our class is from Shandong. 7)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8）this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species （种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如： The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)
主谓一致 一、以并列结构作主语的主谓一致 1．由and/ both… and连接的并列主语 1）Both Mr. Smith and his son (has, have) gone fishing. 2）Bread and eggs (is, are ) a good breakfast. The manager and secretary (is , are ) not here. 3) 当and 连接的名词词组有each, every 或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 e.g. Every girl and every boy in this room (is, are) studying hard. Many a boy (was, were) sad after seeing the film. 2.由or/ nor/ either… or/ neither…nor/ not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，依据“就近原则” e.g. My sisters or my brother (is, are) likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers (is, are ) coming. Not only he switches but also the old wire (has, have) been chagend. 3. 主语+ as much as/ rather than/ more than/ no less than/ as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except/ but 等引导的从属结构时，其后的动词取决于主语本身的形式e.g. Some of the workers as much as the manager (was, were) responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents (is, are) to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family (is, are ) eager to go there again. The father as well as his sons (is, are) going to the park tomorrow. No one except two girls(was, were) late for dinner. 二、数量概念名词作主语的主谓一致 1.表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）如被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数 如被看做是组成该数量的个体，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Six months (is, a re) too short a time. There (is ,are ) six coins in my pocket. 2) “分数/ 百分数+ of”的结构，谓语动词依of 后面的名词而定 e.g. Over sixty percent of the city (was, were) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors (was, were ) women. 3)one in/ one out of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One in ten students (has, have) failed the exam. 4) 两数想减或相除，谓语动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词单复数均可 e.g. Forty minus fifteen (leaves, leave) twenty-five.
高考英语主谓一致用法全汇总 一、主谓一致的概念 主谓一致是指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。 “主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定式作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词的一致等。 二、名词作主语 01 某些集体名词，如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。 The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。 这类名词有audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。 “a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
02 某些集体名词，如people，police，cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。03 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 如： A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。 Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。 04 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 如： The doctor’s is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。 My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。常见的省略名词有the baker’s，the barber’s，the carpenter’s，the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 如：
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
高中英语：主谓一致 知识总结归纳 一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语 语法中必须遵循的基本规则。 二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。 （一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 .1 ofte n help him and he ofte n helps me. We ofte n help each other. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。 1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语： ①The worker and writer _____ （be） from Wuha n. 那个工人兼作家 ②The worker and the writer _____ （be） from Beiji ng. 那位工人和那位作家 ③The secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were （1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： ①My brother and I have both see n that film. ②Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. ③The poet and the no velist were both prese nt at the meeti ng. （2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例： ①The statesma n and poet was en gaged in warfare all his life. ②War and peace is a con sta nt theme in history. ③One more knife and fork is n eeded. ④Bread and butter is our daily food. ⑤Law and order has bee n established. （3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句： ①Each doctor and （each）nurse was given a new shirt. ②No sound and no voice is heard. ③Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. ④Every mi nute and every sec ond is precious. 2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： ①Readi ng is a great pleasure in life. ②To live means to create. ③That we n eed more time is obvious. ④What is n eeded is food and medici ne. 3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句： ①Three thousa nd miles is a long dista nee. ②Eight hours of sleep is eno ugh. ③Ten dollars is eno ugh for him. ④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried 4. 不定代词anyone，anything， every one，everyth ing，some one，someth ing，no one，nothing，each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： ①Is an ybody going to tell him the n ews ?
主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉 A law and rule 法规 A needle and thread 一套针线 Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条 The stars and stripes 星条旗
主谓一致详细讲解 1.由and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如： Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students. 注意:当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A watch and chain was found on the desk. Bread and butter is nutritious. When and where this took place is still unknown. 注意：一身兼二职的情况：The writer and runner is attending the conference. 2. 由every…and every…, each…and each…, many a…and many a …, no ...and no…等构 成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Each man and each woman is invited.每个男人和女人都邀请了。 No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。 Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。 In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。 3. 由or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接 主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如： He or his brothers were to blame .Either you or I am mad. Are either you or I mad? Neither you nor he is right. Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 4. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如： All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation. She as well as the other teachers is going t o Nanjing. 5. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths , economics (经济学), politics, news…作主语时用单数形式。means, works(著作)单复同形。例如： Physics is very important. Every means has been tried. Every possible means has been used to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear . 6. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes, chopsticks, scissors. 如果这些词由a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如： My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of shoes is lying here. These kinds of glasses are popular. 7.单复数同形的名词，如sheep, deer 等做主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语动词 的形式。例如： A deer is over there. Some deer are over there . 8.population做主语时，通常看作单数，若population前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓 语通常用复数。例如： The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas . 9. 复数名词, 如: people, police, public ,crew ,cattle作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The police like to help people. People are talking abou t the news .. The cattle are grazing in the fields . 10. 集体名词, 如: family ,crowd ,class ,team ,audience ,committee ,club, group ,enemy ,
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定
但两个名 主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1■由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓 语用单数或复数 1) 并列主语表示 不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用 复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good stude nts. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2) 并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speak ing at the meeti ng. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journ alist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreig n Mini ster was prese nt at the state banq uet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词， 词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are play ing tennis. 3) 并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse work ing in the hospital was asked to help patie nts. Every man, woma n and child is en titled to take part in the activity. 有权参力口 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a stude nt was disappo in ted after see ing the movie. 4) 并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protect ing en viro nment has bee n draw n up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉