Chapter one—Principles of Business Communication
4C原则：Conciseness(简洁), Clarity（明晰）, Correctness（准确），Courtesy(礼貌)
Effective written workplace communication needs to show:
● A style which is clear and concise（conciseness, clarity）
● A tone which is polite but not overly modest (courtesy)
● A presentation which contains no errors of format and language (correctness) Workplace writing types:
●Informative writing: inform the reader about a product or service
The aim is to improve understanding.
●Persuasive writing: persuade the reader that this product or service is a good one
and worth buying
The aim is to stimulate emotions and develop enthusiasm.
Levels of formality in business communication:
●Bottom-up communication:
To a superior=more formal
●Top-down communication:
From a superior=more formal
●Sideways communication:
To and from people of same rank=less formal
Chapter two—Writing Memos
Memos writing guidelines:
A memo (memorandum) is an administrative document. It
●Is used only for communication within a company. It is an intra-company
document and is not used for inter-company communication
●May be distributed top-down ( from superiors to subordinates) or bottom-up
( from subordinates to superiors)
●Deal with a single topic
●Names its sender(s) and recipient(s) clearly
●Has short, easily readable paragraphs
●May have sub-headings and numbered sub-sections
●May be distributed electronically or in hard copy
Using the right language is not only a question of selecting correct vocabulary and grammar. Speakers and writing also need to take into account:
●who they are addressing( the audience)
●why they are speaking or writing( the purpose)
●how they are communicating( the method)
Using formal language increase the ‘social distance’between a sender and a recipient. Informal language reduces this distance.
Chapter three—Writing Letters of Request
Letters of request are written to seek information or to obtain a response to a specific enquiry.
Letters responding to requests give information but also attempt to build goodwill.
These letters are all written in block format, which is now the most common format for such letters. As you can see, the main feature of this format is that everything (with the possible exception of the company’s letterhead and logo) is blocked or justified to the left side of the page. With this style, it is not necessary to use commas or full stops in the date, address, salutation, or close.
Guidelines for writing request and response letters:
●Subject line: write a suitable subject line to identify previous correspondence
●Salutation: if you know the name of your recipient, begin Dear Mr. or Ms. X and
close Yours sincerely; if you do not know the recipient or their gender, begin Dear Sir/Madam and close Yours faithfully.
●Body of letter: order information logically, explain and clarify it, provide
additional information if appropriate.
●Close: end in a polite and friendly way to maintain goodwill.
Chapter four—writing letters of complaint and adjustment Letters of complaint normally include the following information in the given order: ●An explanation of the problem
●The consequence of the problem for both parties
● A request to solve the problem
Letters of adjustment normally include the following information in the given order:
●An offer of apologies
● A summary of action taken to rectify the problems
●An assurance of goodwill including the offer of compensation, if appropriate
Chapter eight—applying for jobs
Application letters highlight important information which may be ‘lost’in a resume. Job application letters have a logical structure in which the information is selected and positioned to emphasize your suitability for the post. Remember to check the following:
●state clearly what job you are applying for
●state what your educational qualifications are and where they were obtained
●sell yourself by linking your qualifications, experience and qualities with those
required for the position
●state your contact details and availability for interview
The functions of a resume:
●It gives information about your personal status, your education/qualifications,
your work record(including part-time or voluntary/charity work), any special awards, special interests, computer and language proficiency levels, and the names and addresses of referees;
●It supports your claim to be worth interviewing for the advertised post and with
this in mind you may need to elaborate or emphasize certain sections of your resume in response to the demands of a particular job.
A resume always contain particular information in sequence and under certain headings:
●Personal Data
●Education and Qualifications
●Employment Record
●Extracurricular Activities and Awards( for fresh graduate job-seekers)
●Special Skills( languages and computer skills)
●Hobbies and Sports
●Referees( normally two respected people who know you well as a student and/or
employee)
Language features of resumes:
The main feature appears under the heading Part-time Employment Record, that is, the use of action verbs in the simple past tense. These verbs placed at the beginning of a phrase help your writing to be dynamic and engaging for your readers.
Chapter ten—writing the minutes of meetings Minutes of a meeting are written for two main purposes:
●To create a record of what took place in the meeting
●To remind those at the meeting of the actions they need to take after the meeting Minutes always include the following facts:
●The time and date of the meeting, where it was held, and who chaired it
●The names of all those attending the meeting and of those who sent their
apologies for absence
●The agenda items discussed and all decisions reached
●The time at which the meeting ended
●The time, data and venue of the next meeting
●The actions which need to be taken, by whom by what date
●The name of the minute-taker, his/her role and the date on which the minutes
were written
Chapter twelve—writing persuasively
We persuade others in three main ways:
●Appeal to reason
●Appeal to emotions
●Appeal to trust by emphasizing the status of the company and/or individuals
within the company
Appeal to reason relates to the information in an advertisement, while the other appeals relate more closely to persuasion.
Chapter thirteen—writing sales report
To indicate upward movement(按程度由轻到重排列):
● a gradual/steady rise to rise gradually/steadily
● a rapid increase to increase/go up
quickly/rapidly
● a steep climb to climb steeply
● a dramatic jump to jump dramatically
To indicate downward movement(按程度由轻到重排列)：
● a gradual/steady fall to fall gradually/steadily
● a sharp drop to drop sharply/steeply
● a rapid decline to decline quickly/rapidly
● a dramatic decrease to decrease dramatically
To indicate stability or fluctuation, the peak and the bottom:
●to reach the bottom/lowest point
●to go through a trough
●to reach a peak/the highest point
●to level out
●to fluctuate
Chapter fourteen—writing business proposals Business proposals are written to suggest new ideas for organizing a company to make it more efficient or for promoting its products and services in a more effective way. Business proposals may also be called feasibility studies, because they attempt to show that an idea will work in practice. To be practical, there are five areas in which an idea needs to work:
●the technical
●the resource-related
●the financial
●the social
●the environmental
Writers of business proposals need to consider the following key questions:
●Is the proposal within the possibilities of available technology?(the technical)
●Does the company have qualified personnel to implement the proposal?(the
resource-related)
●Is the proposal cost-effective and what is the likely profit margin?(the financial) ●Will the proposal affect the lives of people in the company and/or local
community, including their jobs?(the social)
●Will the proposal create a negative impact on the environment?(the
environmental)
A feasibility study can be developed by the use of:
●Numbered and centered major headings
●Clear sub-headings
●Double-spaced paragraphs
●An informative diagram
Chapter fifteen—Promoting Products and Services
Promotional materials can be subdivided into a number of different types:
●Sales letters
●Promotional e-mails
●Brochures
●Press(or news) releases
●Print and TV advertisements
Targeting the audience:
●The Product or service
●The prospective customers
●The competition
Content:
The content of any promotional material must:
●Arouse interest
Make the readers curious. The information you give must persuade the readers that you have something valuable to offer. You then need to motivate them to buy.
●Stress benefits
Make all the benefits mentioned customer-centered, not supplier-centered. Convince the readers that your product or service will make them healthier, wealthier and wiser.
●Be truthful
Make sure that all your claims are accurate. Don’t overstate the benefits of your product or service. Avoid any criticism or false advertising—it could get you into legal trouble!
●Be specific
Create vivid images by using simple, observable details. Avoid phrase such as:
‘lasts longer’ (then what?)
‘prints more quickly’(then what?)
Tips for language in promotional materials:
●Write short sentences
●Use simple words that are familiar to the reader
●Make each word count
●Use the present tense as much as possible
●Avoid the passive voice
●Use personal pronouns such as ‘we’ and ‘you’to reduce the distance between
your company and the client
●Use short forms whenever possible to further reduce the distance
●Use bullet points to put across ideas in a concise manner
●Adapt your style to suit the product or service
●Revise and edit your promotional material. Ask your colleagues to comment on
what you have written. Leave your draft overnight and review it the next day.
You’ll be surprised at the number of improvements you can make.
Chapter sixteen—developing company profiles
A company profile provides prospective clients and customers with what the
company considers to be key information about the organization. This will normally include:
●Facts and figures about its major products and services
●The history and development of the company
●Its mission and philosophy
● A statement of identify
● A projection of its preferred image(including a logo)
While it aims to provide the reader with an overview of the company, its primary purpose is to persuade the reader to support the company in some way. So,a company profile has both informational and promotional purposes.
Mission statements
One of the most important parts of a company profile is the mission statement. This is a declaration of a corporation or organization’s philosophical ideals and values. A mission statement stresses values, positive behaviors, and guiding principles. Mission statements tend to be formally expressed and widely communicated to both internal and external audience. They set a standard by which an organization is supposed to measure itself.
作文范文 请以“How should parents help their children to be independent?”为题，按照以下要点写作： 1. 目前很多父母为子女包办一切 2. 其实父母应该。。。。。。 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to …… And most children …… According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% ……and more than 85% ….. However, kids cannot depend on their parents forever because …… Besides, being independent …… Therefore, parents need to realize the importance of helping their children to be independent. Parents should encourage their children to …… By doing so, parents …… In addition, parents should urge their kids to …… For example, …… 范文 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to make arrangements and decisions for their children. And most children take such excessive attention for granted and depend on their parents for almost everything. According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% still accompany their children to schools, even to examinations, and more than 85% do housework for their kids including cooking meals and washing clothes.
达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。 本课程的教学任务是：在教学过程中，培养学生的实际交际、应用和解决问题能力并适当加入案例学习和贸易操作指南及练习，让学生在一个仿真模拟实践中了解和掌握一些涉外活动的基本程序和主要操作技能。 本课程的教学要求：通过对本课程的学习，要求学生将涉外业务知识与英语写作相结合，在已具备的英语读写能力基础上，重点掌握外贸信函、外贸电传的写作技巧。经过严格训练后，应
能独立、熟练和准确地起草以上各类信函，在今后的工作岗位上能熟练处理各种涉外业务。采用课堂教学和自主学习相结合的方式，充分运用先进的多媒体网络等现代化教育技术手段，引入计算机多媒体教学和网络教学平台，采用全方位、立体化、个性化的多媒体教学手段，提高教学效率和教学质量。 三、课程内容、学时分配及教学基本要求 Chapter 1 Basic Requirements for Writing （共2学时） （一）教学内容： 第一节词及句子 知识要点：词的选择与句子的表达 第二节段落及篇章 知识要点：段落及篇章的写作 教学重点：词汇的正确应用及句子的贴切表达 教学难点：如何组织段落及篇章结构 （二）教学基本要求： 1．了解英语词汇、句子的类型，理解其构成方式，懂得词汇及句子在写作中常见的错误，
大学英语作文 大一生活感想英语作文（ 4 篇） 【大一生活感想英语作文篇一】 Time spent at a university is a most worthwhile period in a young person 's life. This is a time when a student begins to form. his or her ideas about life in general. Attending classes and studying in the library keep a student busy and provide him or her with access to valuable information, adding to his or her knowledge base. Campus life can also be rich and colorful. Most universities offer a variety of extracurricular activities such as sports events, contests, and other social gatherings, enabling the students to experience relief fi 'om study and homework. Students often form. lifelong friendships through the varied experiences of university life. During the time a student spends at university, he not only develops his intellectual ahilites,he also develops social skills as well as knowledge and wisdom necessary for choosing a future career. By learning how to balance intense study and recreation, a student will be well prepared for the
中国海洋大学本科生课程大纲 一、课程介绍 1.课程描述： 实用英语写作是非英语专业的公共基础课，属于大学英语拓展课程的语言技能类课程。本课程的开设旨在对非英语专业学生进行基本英语写作技能的培养和训练，课程的任务是使学生掌握英语写作方面的基本知识，掌握英语句子、段落及篇章写作方面的基本技巧，学生通过运用所学知识及有关资料，写作说明文、议论文以及应用文等各类体裁的文章。 实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸活动和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具，对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展，国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力，培养复合型人才，本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种情景的范文资料库，帮助学生了解英语中最常见的和最常用的各种文体的用途,使学生在学习各种文体的同时，不仅能够熟悉相关的英文表达法，而且能够广泛增加有关跨文化交际的知识，从而从整体上提高运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2.设计思路： 本课程依据教育部颁发的《大学英语课程教学要求》进行课程设置，属于大学英 - 8 -
语的拓展课程系列。学生顺序修读完大学英语基础阶段的课程后，在听力理解、口语表达和阅读理解等方面已经达到一般要求的英语能力，并能够在认知的基础上学会熟练运用英语，然后可根据自身情况选修本课程。 本课程拟系统全面地讲述了英语写作方面的基本知识和基本技巧。文稿格式部分简介文稿的安排、移行；字母的大写；标点的基本用法。措辞部分讨论词的类型：正式、非正式、俚语、地方语、口语、术语；词的本义和引申义；一般和特殊、抽象和具体的词汇；习语；英语中主要的修辞手法。句子部分包括完整句和不完整句；句子的类型；句子的统一、连贯、简洁、直接、强调、多样化；句式变换。完整作文部分包括：写作步骤；组织结构；文章体裁。 3. 课程与其他课程的关系： 实用英语写作为大学英语拓展课程系列的语言技能课程。学生顺序修读完大学英语基础阶段的课程后方可进行本课程的学习。 二、课程目标 1.知识目标 学习本课程后，学生能够掌握英语句群、段落及篇章写作的基本技巧，能够通过运用所学知识及有关资料，写作说明文、议论文和应用文等各类体裁的英语文章。 2.能力目标 学习本课程后，学生能够掌握汉英两种语言写作篇章的特点；能够针对不同话题的写作任务写出说明文和议论文等各类体裁的文章；能够梳理出自己在英文写作过程中的难点，并找出相应的提高对策；在写作中体现出跨文化交际能力。 3.素质目标 通过本课程的学习，学生能够深化对英汉两种语言的认知，养成良好的英文写作习惯；提高语言运用能力、跨文化交际能力、查阅文献资料的能力；深化作为语言工 - 8 -
实用英语应用能力写作相关句型（基于历年真题） 1．英文书信格式日期：2010-12-13 收件人：无具体收信人落款：王林职位：销售经理正文用横线表示 Dec. 13th 2010 Dear Sir or Madam: …… Yours sincerely, Wang Lin Sales Manager 2．感谢你日的来信 Thank you for your letter of 10th Dec. 3．我写信是要投诉…… I am writing this letter to complain about … 4．上个月在你们商店买的手机 the mobile phone which I bought in your shop last month 5．对此我感到很生气 I am very angry about it 6．我已经把手机邮寄回去 I have already sent the mobile phone back to you by post
7．强烈要求尽快给我退款 I strongly insist that you refund me as soon as possible. 8．写信了解有关价格以及售后服务的情况(能否发给我们一些信息，如最新的价目表和售后服务情况) Could you please send us some information, such as the latest price list and the after-sale services about them 9．希望尽快得到您的回信I’m looking forward to your early reply. / We’re looking forward to your prompt response. / I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 10．随信附上目录及价目表Enclosed, please find an illustrated catalogue and a price list 11．根据你们订购的数量，我们会提供相应的折扣 We also allow a discount according to the quantity ordered. 12．您最近过的怎么样生意如何 How are you doing these days and how about your business 13．这笔款项已经过期10天 the payment is already 10 days overdue 14．我写信提醒您…… I am writing to remind you that …15．请您…… would you please … 16．市场部经理 Marketing Manager 17．人事部经理 manager of personnel department 18．将要在12月14号到16号召开的会议 the meeting to be held
大学英语作文万能模板 （一）段首句 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
研究生课程教学大纲 课程名称：高级实用英语写作 一、课程编码：240002 课内学时： 48 学分： 2 二、适用学科专业：全校各类博士专业（非英语类） 三、先修课程：大学英语 四、教学目标 通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握英文写作的用词、句子结构及段落、篇章的特点；掌握英文书面语言的表达方式；能较熟练地进行记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文以及摘要、读书报告的写作，提升实用性语篇及学术性语篇的组织模式及特征运用能力。 五、教学方式 采用过程教学法，教学重点放在学生写作过程和写作能力上，充分培养学生的思维能力。强调在学生写作过程中帮助他们发现、分析和解决问题。教师通过多样化的教学活动，侧重在语篇水平上指导写作，包括构思、写提纲、写初稿和修改等各个写作环节。教师的指导贯穿于整个写作过程直至最后成文。主要教学活动包括课堂讲授和学生分组讨论、写作练习、同伴互评与教师评阅反馈相结合。 六、主要内容及学时分配 本课程重点是以学术话题为基础，突出段落和整篇文章的写作实践。共分为六个单元，每个单元包含四部分：预习、阅读、句子写作和段落写作或文章写作。考虑到学生语言学习的互动需要，精心设计了相应的话题讨论和写作练习，使学生能够有更多的机会积极地参与到教学实践之中。为配合写作话题，选择了一定数量的阅读文章作为写作实践的输入。这些原版文章具有很强的趣味性和可读性，是学生进行写作实践的最好参照模仿坐标。 1.Introduction 3 学时 2. Writing paragraphs 6 学时 3. Writing Essays (Narration) 7 学时 4. Writing Essays (Process) 7 学时 5.Writing Essays (Cause or Effect) 7 学时 6. Writing Essays (Opinion) 7 学时 7. Writing Essays (Compare/Contrast) 7 学时 8.Writing Summary and Book Report 4 学时 七、考核与成绩评定 成绩以百分制衡量。 成绩评定依据：平时作文成绩占20%, 出勤及课堂表现占20%，期末笔试成绩占60%。 八、参考书及学生必读参考资料 （美）Nancy Herzfeld-Pipkin．Writing for Academic Success[M]．THOMSON中国人民大学出版社2007年3月第一版. 九、大纲撰写人：邹岩
湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲 课程名称：商务英语写作课程代码：05440 第一部分课程性质与目标 一、课程性质与特点 二、商务英语写作是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业（专科）的专业基础课。本课程 是一门介绍商务文书种类及其作用、写作规范、具体格式、写作方法以及商务交流中应遵循的原则，融商务相关知识与英语写作能力为一体以实用为主导的课程。 三、课程目标与基本要求 本课程的教学目的是培养学生掌握商务英语写作的基础知识，了解商务英语书信的基本格式和写作技能，熟悉主要的商务英语写作类型，提高商务英语书面表达能力。通过本课程的学习和训练，学生能撰写一般商务书信（包括求职简历、备忘录、会议纪要、建议书、营业报告等），意思表达清楚，用词比较准确，无重大语法错误。 本课程要求学生学习商务英语应用文的基础知识，掌握相关的商务知识，训练商务英语写作的基本技能，在加强和提高英语专业基础知识和基本技能的同时培养实际运用语言的能力和独立工作能力，最终达到商务英语专业专科生水平。 本课程终结时，学生应达到如下要求： 1.熟悉常用商务英语文体； 2．能熟练掌握英语书信等商务文件的写作格式； 3．能较熟练地运用英语商务书信中常用的表达方式； 4．能结合实际情况，撰写能较清楚表达写作者意图的一般商业书信等商务文件。 三、与本专业其他课程的关系 商务英语写作课程的先修课程是商务英语口语，商务英语阅读。本课程所学基本词汇和基本句型与商务英语口语，商务英语阅读的基本词汇和基本句型相互渗透，相辅相成。通过学习本课程，学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高，且能为后续商务函电课程的学习打好基础。 第二部分考核内容与考核目标 第一单元 一、学习目的与要求 本单元主要讲述商务英语写作的基本概念。学习本单元的目的是要了解商务英语写作的写作要求，写作形式与写作过程及步骤。在学习过程中，要注意下列问题：（1）商务英语写作的目的；（2）商务英语写作的体裁形式与写作要求；（3）商务英语写作的进行步骤。 二、考核知识点与考核目标 （一）商务英语写作的进行步骤（重点） 识记：商务英语写作的步骤： （1）计划 （2）调研 （3）组织 （4）起草 （5）修改 （6）编辑及校对 （7）列出注意事项
VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1．学分： 1 学时：16 （理论学时：16 实验学时：0 ）2．课程类别：限选课 3．适用专业：非英语专业本科 4．适用对象：非英语专业本科三年级学生（第五学期） 5．先修课程：大学英语 6．教材与参考书目： 教材：教师讲义 参考书：《新世纪实用英语写作》，张玉娟，陈春田，外语教学与研究出版社，2003 《英语应用文写作大全》，《英语应用文写作大全》编写组，社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》，杨晓钰，重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》，傅似逸，北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》，韩铁椿、陈汉华，上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》，李予军编著，国防工业出版社，2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》，杨若东、袁锡兴，中国人民大学出版社，2004 《英语论文写作》，石坚、帅培天，四川人民出版社，2005 《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006 二、课程介绍 1．实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。
Chapter one—Principles of Business Communication 4C原则：Conciseness(简洁), Clarity（明晰）, Correctness（准确），Courtesy(礼貌) Effective written workplace communication needs to show: ● A style which is clear and concise（conciseness, clarity） ● A tone which is polite but not overly modest (courtesy) ● A presentation which contains no errors of format and language (correctness) Workplace writing types: ●Informative writing: inform the reader about a product or service The aim is to improve understanding. ●Persuasive writing: persuade the reader that this product or service is a good one and worth buying The aim is to stimulate emotions and develop enthusiasm. Levels of formality in business communication: ●Bottom-up communication: To a superior=more formal ●Top-down communication: From a superior=more formal ●Sideways communication: To and from people of same rank=less formal Chapter two—Writing Memos Memos writing guidelines: A memo (memorandum) is an administrative document. It ●Is used only for communication within a company. It is an intra-company document and is not used for inter-company communication ●May be distributed top-down ( from superiors to subordinates) or bottom-up ( from subordinates to superiors) ●Deal with a single topic ●Names its sender(s) and recipient(s) clearly ●Has short, easily readable paragraphs ●May have sub-headings and numbered sub-sections ●May be distributed electronically or in hard copy Using the right language is not only a question of selecting correct vocabulary and grammar. Speakers and writing also need to take into account: ●who they are addressing( the audience) ●why they are speaking or writing( the purpose) ●how they are communicating( the method) Using formal language increase the ‘social distance’between a sender and a recipient. Informal language reduces this distance. Chapter three—Writing Letters of Request
1. 成功的四个步骤 Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance on the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are still in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, casual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter how well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair of sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless you're sure that he or she likes the smell,don't use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You're no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the legend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude his or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed within the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn't share often with anyone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a new journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, and keep on through out the whole way. 简评 看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly....If you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose.For businessman Orgrowmups，casual clothes are recommended.”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待，要抓住机会，抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life
《英语写作I》 课程简介 课程编号： 课程名称：英语写作I 英文名称：English writing I 课程性质：学科基础课 开课对象：非英语专业 课程学分： 前修课程： 主要参考教材： 1.丁往道等，《英语写作手册》，外语教学与研究出版社，1994 2.杨立民等，《现代大学英语（基础写作）》，外语教学与研究出版社，2005 3.吴文仲等，《实用英语写作》，外语教学与研究出版社，1997. 课程简介： 本课的目的在于培养学生初步的英语写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及简单的应用文。写作课的开设时间在三年级第二学期。内容的安排从如何用词和句子结构入手，要求学生根据提示作文，或模仿范文写作，或根据一定的情景进行串写，进而过渡到掌握段落写作技巧、篇章布局和短文写作。 理论教学大纲 课程性质： 中（英）文课程名称：英语写作I （English Writing I） 学分：4 学时：40 一、讲授部分 第一章文稿格式 教学目的与要求 学习写作，应明确什么是好的文稿格式。在标题的写法、纸边留空、段落开端的缩进、大写、词的移行等方面，都应遵照通行的规则。不管写什么，都要细致、认真，写得或打得整齐干净，还要尽可能避免错误。写好后，还要仔细校阅一两次，因为可能要做最后的改正或改动。经常这样练习写作，必然会取得进步。重点与难点 安排、标点 课时数：2 主要内容： (1)安排 (2)移行 (3)大写
(4)标点（结合教材第十章标点符号） (5)书法 第二章用词 教学目的与要求 从修辞学角度对词汇进行分类：一般／具体，正式／非正式，含蓄／非含蓄，文学／技术，修辞格，成语，典故，等等。在认识各类语汇性质的基础上学习不同性质语汇的具体运用。英语词汇极多：《牛津英语词典》收了四十多万个词。当然并没有人认识或需要使用这么多词。常人为了一般的目的只用其中很小的一部分。学习用英语写作的学生应先学会使用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。有时初学者会误用一些词，但他用的词往往并不全错，只是不恰当、不准确、不地道、或不生动有趣。因而对选词的方法有基本的了解是会有帮助的。 重点与难点 修辞格 课时数：6 主要内容： (1)词的类型 (2)词义 (3)一般词汇和具体词汇 (4)习语 第三章造句 教学目的与要求 写好句子是培养写作能力的基础，本章要求学生首先能写出语法正确，用词适当的句子，进而训练学生熟练掌握不同句型的运用。 重点与难点 本单元重点是英语的惯用法：固定句型，习惯用语。这是英语“地道”的重要因素。 课时数：8 主要内容： (1)完整句和不完整句 (2)句子的类型 (3)陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 (4)简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句 (5)松散句、圆周句和对偶句 (6)短句和长句 (7)好的句子 (8)完整
实用英语写作模板-投诉信 ★以下是###英文写作翻译频道为大家整理的《实用英语写作模板-投诉信》，供大家参考。更多内容请看本站频道。 范文 Directions： You found something wrong with the telephone bill you have received from the local post office. You made a call to inquire about this; however the person who answered the call was very rude. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the post office, explaining the situation and giving your suggestions for improvement. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You don餿 need to write the address. Don餿 sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead. Dear Sir, I am writing to let you know the deplorable attitude of one of your staff member. I received my telephone bill for the previous month from you and thought there were some errors in calculation： I had been overcharged for two overseas calls. However, when I called your Complaints Department, the girl who answered my phone was very rude. For one thing she interrupted me continually, for another she even said that the fault was my own. Needless to say, such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable. I would like to suggest that the girl in question should be disciplined, and instructed on the proper way to deal with clients. And I hope she can make formal apology to me.
中南大学选修课小贴士 新生到了第九周，自然要面对选修课的选择。根据历年的经验，选修课的高分率一直是大家密切关注的话题，下面的一些具体分析希望对大家有帮助。 经济管理类 1-01 现代管理基础 石英老师的课比较麻烦，交手写论文，老师还是挺不错的，她的课上能有挺大的收获。 1-02 传统文化与管理智慧 课比较水，老师讲诸子百家，最后考试百度一篇相关文章交上去就过了老师讲得很好而且从不点名只是画勾签到，不下课提前很早就放学。上过的同学说考试架势很足，分2个教室考，三个老师监考，不过考的内容文科生很好答，与传统文化相关，都是上课讲的东西，比如“中庸”是什么之类的，分数不定. 1-03 西方经济学概论 考试就是解释一些名词概念，挺简单的，带一本经济学的书或者偷着用手机就搞定了。但是上课要查人、写作业、签到。 内容相当丰富（12周），微观宏观都有，偶尔点名，就是钟美瑞老师口音过重，很难听懂，非本地人建议不选。成绩89 1-04 宏观经济学 据说考题十年没变过了。 1-05 微观经济学 老师上课有激情，考试交论文。 1-06 证券投资理论与实务 交论文，其他的不清楚了。 1-07 基础经济学 上课满满四节课，每次点名。考试的内容，我当时的老师在考试前一节课有提及。最后是一个很客观的分数。 1-08 技术经济学 每次课都要交作业，会点名，期末考试都是平时讲过的内容，考试时要检查学生卡，分两教室排座位。 不建议选，点名，交作业，最后考试，分数普遍不高 1-09 金融学 老师很认真,考试很严。 老师好认真，每次都点名。不过最后考试很水，都要带电脑过去的。题目都是上课ppt里有的 1-10 市场营销 至少要来上三节课：第一节课观察行情，倒数第二节课听取考试要求，最后一节课考试。老师讲的很好。有课堂作业，分给得高。 1-11 经贸谈判
大学英语应用文写作教学中的几点总结 应用文写作是英语语言在各种实际社会生活中的写作运用, 实用英语种类繁多,用途各异,篇幅有长有短,内容既有严肃而正式的各种证明材料、证书，也有各种日常生活中常用的自传简历，卡片英语，书信，日记以及论文写作知识等。教学过程中既涉及到语言知识,也涵盖了社会和文化知识。 1. 应用文写作原则 实用英语写作和普通英语写作一样,要求表达清晰而完整的思想,而不同于造句、改错、单句翻译。因此,仅仅具备一般语言知识还是不够的,实用英语写作除了掌握语言知识外,还要注意思想内容、题材选择、逻辑条理、书写格式等方面的知识。 在语言方面,应当在原有基础上提高思想表述的准确性、生动鲜明性以及趣味性;在思想内容方面努力做到言之有物、观点清楚、条理分明。要注意大量地进行摹拟练习。必须牢记某些固定短语,更要熟练掌握缩略语。 实用英语写作要求写作者严肃认真,一丝不苟,从遣词造句到谋篇布局,都应当仔细琢磨,反复推敲。要写好英语应用文,首先要有扎实的语言基本功、包括掌握常用词汇和基本语法;其次要多读英语应用文典范文章。如果说英语口语的提高取决于听力,那么英语应用文写作能力的提高则取决于阅读能力。写作者要大量阅读,并把听与说,读与写有机结合在一起。某些常用客套语、固定词组、常用缩略语要背诵、烂熟于心。对英语电报、电传的参考用语 也要死记硬背。最后,掌握实用英语写作的基本方法,是按固定格式模仿练习,相应改变人名、地名、日期、单位等。可以说,这是应用文写作的捷径。英语实用写作的大忌是先写中文,然后逐字译成英文。这样写出的文章必定十分生硬。实用英语文章的写作,应当用英文进行思考,用英语进行构思、排列、设计段落。尤其不应生造不合英语习惯的句子。这样做,自以为得计,其实效果适得其反。在实际交往中,西方人与中国人有不少差异,实用英语写作的作者要更有效地了解中西方文化背景。比如中国人一般不当着客人的面打开礼品,而是等客人走后才拆开礼品,西方人则当着客人的面打开礼品并赞不绝口,使客人高兴。中国人在邀请赴宴的请柬上写个“谢”字,人家就知道你不来,这叫“谢绝”。如果在请柬上写上“忝陪末座”,人家就会恭候大驾。这与西方人不同。西方人要专门回信,表示接受或婉拒。现代中国人一般不发回贴。以上是英语实用写作中的基本指导原则。这些基本原则是十分重要的,但在具体写作过程中,写作者还应当注意以下一些问题,即了解并掌握英语应用文写作的一些要求与步骤。 2．应用文写作过程中学生易犯的错误及对策 问题一：许多学生在学习中并没有对应用文的格式引起足够的重视，或由于缺乏平时的训练，写出来的作文往往格式混乱，不符合英文习惯。例如把日期写在信函的右下角，并按照汉语习惯写成年，月，日的格式；把称呼直接写成了单位名称；写地址时总是按照汉语习惯由大到小排列等。在平时作文练习中还发现许多学生存在着字迹潦草，书面凌乱，乱涂乱改，不注意字母的大小写及标点符号乱用等不良习惯。
大学英语作文范文精选20篇 2012-05-06?|?阅：1??转：1404 ??|??分享? * 腾讯空间 * 人人网 * 开心网 * 新浪微博 * 腾讯微博 * 搜狐空间 * 推荐给朋友 * 举报 ??修改 ? 1.?????? 成功的四个步骤 Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance on the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are still in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, casual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter how well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair of sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless you＇re sure that he or she likes the smell,don＇t use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You＇re no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the legend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude his or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed within the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn＇t share often with anyone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a new journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, and keep on through out the whole way. 简评 看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly．．．．If you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose．For businessman Orgrowmups，