变化中的英语复习资料
Section One : Multiple Choice
1. When we speak of languages as living or dead we mean the language
_______. A. are not used now. B. have living speakers or not. C. do not
work now. D. are actually living or dead 正确答案：B
2. Standard English refers to the English ________. A. of writing. Bewitch British people use . C. which American people use. D. which British and
American people use 正确答案：A
3. RP refers to _________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3316780911.html, work English. B. General American.
C.BBC English and General American.
D. Educated Southern British
English 正确答案：D
4. When we say RP, we mean it is a(n) ________. A. variety of spoken
English. B. variety of written English. C. regional dialect. D. accent. 正确答案：A
5. About some special terms, the statement that _______ is NOT true. A. a language is the major means of human communication. B. a dialect is a variety of a language. C. a variety is a language distinct from others. D. the
term accent has to do only with the sound of the language 正确答案：C
6. In Activity 5, you were asked to listen to some regional varieties of English, but ______ is NOT included. A. Cornwall. B. London cockney. C.
Northumberland. D. Midland 正确答案：D
7. About language change, the statement that ______ is NOT true. A. change in language matches change in p eople’s lives. B. language change is usually even and steady. C. languages change over time. D. new words enter
the language to match new sorts of experience 正确答案：B
8. When you meet some old, native speakers of English who are hard to understand, you know, it is probably because ___________. A. your English is too poor. B. they are speaking a variety of English. C. they speak poor
English. D. you do not listen carefully enough 正确答案：B
9. Dialects refer to ______________. A. different ways of speaking. B. different written systems or different grammatical structures. C. both A and
B. D. a form that is quite different from a language 正确答案：A
10. New words are from ________. A. old words used with new meaning. B. Words made up by pronouncing the initial letters of several words C. words
borrowed from other languages D. all of the above 正确答案：D
11. Rasselas was written in 18th century by _______________. A. Mark
Twain B. Samuel Johnson C. WordsworthD. D. Shakespeare 正确答案：B 12. The Tempest was first printed in 1623, written by ____________. A. Mark Twain B. Samuel Johnson C. Shakespeare D. Geoffrey Chaucer 正确答案：C
13. The Canterbury Tales was a famous collection of stories in verse, written by ___________. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Shakespeare C. Bernard
Shaw D. Samuel Johnson 正确答案：A
14. Angles and Saxons were _______________. A. Latin-speaking Romans
B. French-speaking Normans
C. Scandinavian people
D. Native British
people 正确答案：C
15. The final conquer of the British Isles was in _________________. A.1st century B.C. by the Scandinavian people B.5th century A.D. by the Normans C.11th century A.D. by the Normans D. World War II by Germans
正确答案：C
16. Standard English can be pronounced ___________. A. only using a Received Pronunciation B. only in the accent of educated North American Speakers C. either in educated southern British accent or educated North
American accent D. with a variety of accents 正确答案：D
17. Standard English started in _________________. A. the South East of England B. the east of England C. the south of England D. London, Oxford
and Cambridge 正确答案：A
18. Standard English started in ______ century. A.5th B.11th C.14th D.15th
正确答案：C
19. Standard English started spread all over the country because
_______________. A. English was allowed to be taught in schools B. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote in English C. William Caxton set up a printing
press in 1475, and printed books D. All of the above 正确答案：D 20. The
core of English lexicon is ______________. A .French words B. Latin and Greek words C. The words brought back by the overseas D. Of Germanic
origin 正确答案：D 21. When you recognize a word and know what it means, you have a _______ knowledge of it. A. receptive B. productive C. descriptive D. prescriptive 正确答案：A 22. Talking to people needs
_________ knowledge and practice. A. receptive B. productive C.
descriptive D. prescriptive 正确答案：B 23. Received Pronunciation
____________. A. is a regional accent B. belongs to south East of England C. is accepted and understood worldwide D. is the same thing as Standard
English 正确答案：C 24. When a teacher corrects a student’s mistakes ,he is doing _________ teaching. A. receptive B. productive C. descriptive D. prescriptive 正确答案：D 25. English is not alone, not unique in being an international language. There are other international languages, such as
____________. A. Spanish B. Swedish. C. Japanese D. Danish 正确答案：
A 26. An American teacher, who made an especially important contribution to the American way of spelling some English words, he is ____________.
A. Noah Webster
B. Mark Twin
C. Webster Merriam
D. Thomas McCauley 正确答案：A 27. When India was independent, the New Constitution recognized as official languages ______ languages out of about 200 in use.
A.2
B.3
C.5
D.14 正确答案：D 28. Most educated Indians speak
_________ languages. A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 正确答案：C 29. Britain was an imperial power for about _________ . A.80 years B.100 years. C.2 centuries D.3 centuries 正确答案：D 30. By the discovery of the New World, it is meant the discovery and settlement in _______. A. Australia B. North America C. India D. South East Asia 正确答案：B 31. In the three Circles
of English language users, _______ belong to the Outer Circle. A. native English speaking countries B. colonial countries of Britain and USA C. countries using English as a foreign language D. countries using English as
an international language 正确答案：B 32. About the use of English
worldwide in information age, the statement that _______ is NOT true. A. the number of users of English is important B. who the users of English are and what they do with it are important C. the label “Information Age” is often given to the end of this century D .the most important language for communicative use at the scientific and technological developments in
English 正确答案：C 33. Among the main International languages invented or simplified, _________ is the most famous and successful. A. Esperanto B. Interlingua C. Ido D. Basic English (Nuclear English) 正确答案：A 34.
About the disadvantages of English as a global language, the statement that _________ is NOT true. A. the English grammar and sounds are difficult, and vocabulary is too large B. the English has inconsistencies C. English belongs to a different language family D. English is deeply rooted in the
culture, customs, literature of UK and USA 正确答案：D 35. Languages are
like tools, ____________ A. as they develop and become complex , so they become powerful and effective. B. They all evolve from simple to complex form. C. They are all like living organism. D. But tools may evolve,
languages do not . 正确答案：D
36. The international use of English is because ____________ A. English is more developed and complex. B. B. English is more flexible and adaptable.
C. Of political, cultural and economic reasons.
D. All of the above. 正确答案：C
37. Languages re like living organism, _______ A. they all evolve from simple from to complex form.. B. They are made y human beings and used for human purposes. C. They all change, but languages do not really evolve.
D. Only A and B. 正确答案：C
38. The applications of science include ______________. A. international travel B. international travel and tourism C. medical technology and
entertainment D. all of the above 正确答案：D
39. Science and technology cannot do without symbolic systems. Symbolic systems ________ A. are necessary for thinking and for sharing and recording the results of thinking. B. Include language C. Include
mathematics D. All of the above 正确答案：D
40. The dominance of English in science is ___________ A. the result of US political supremacy and scientific achievements B. because English is much more suitable than other languages. C. The language of the United Nations.
D. The language of the British empire. 正确答案：A
41. The special difficulty of scientific English for the readers is that
___________ A. they assume much shared knowledge B. the style is impersonal and remote C. the papers are about abstractions. D. All of the
above. 正确答案：A
42. English is the language of international air traffic control because
__________ A. natural languages are full of ambiguity, but English is an exception. B. English reduces ambiguity C. Any uncertainty of the language used would be disastrous in air so English is the only choice D. None of the
above 正确答案：D
43. Of the varieties of English that are designed to avoid ambiguity, the following statement that _____________ is NOT TRUE. A. the English of international air traffic control is used by all ground control staff and flight crew. B. Sea-speak is used internationally in ship-to-shore communication, and it is similar to Police-speak. C. Jargon, argot and slang arte also designed by and for very special groups of users. D. One of the above
statements is not true. 正确答案：D
44.. Communicative approach is ____________. A. a view of ELT that put first understanding and being understood by another person B. learning by constantly doing dialogue practice C. a course designed to match the future work and needs of learners D. a way of learning and teaching that teachers
and students communicate with each other 正确答案：A
45. Error analysis is _______________. A. way of learning by studying common mistakes in order not to make any mistakes B. teaching in the belief that mistakes are necessary to learning and useful to teachers C. a way of teaching that teachers correct the students’ mistakes in the exercises whenever they occur D. a research method in order to see how good the
students have learned 正确答案：B
46. ELT is the short form of ______________. A. English learning and teaching B. English language teaching C. Elementary learning and teaching
D. Elementary language teaching 正确答案：B
47. The most important factor that reinforces the international role of English is ___________. A. television B. travel and transport C.
entertainments D. developments in IT 正确答案：D 48. IT is the shout form of ___________. A. international net B. international tourism (travel) C. information technology D. information transformation 正确答案：C 49. The
term “interlanguage” is used for ___________ A. languages that are understood internationally B. languages that are internal to a country C. the languages of learners who has only partial control of a language D.
languages that change rapidly 正确答案：C 50. The New Englishes can be
called _______.But their meanings are quite different. A. regional varieties of English B. emerging English C. local standard Englishes D. all of the
above 正确答案：D 51. Of the New Englishes , the following statement that
______ is NOT TRUE. A. they arte regular and can be described. B. They are easily understood locally, but not so easily elsewhere C. They change very fast and are unstable and unacceptable D. They have many mistakes or
deviations from standard English. 正确答案：C
52. According to the Quirk view, some teachers in schools in Britain have felt unable to correct their students’ faulty English, because they
__________ A. were afraid of making students feel humiliated and resentful.
B. Were uncertain what was, and was not, correct.
C. Did not want to spend time correcting the students’ mistakes.
D. Thought students would not learn from the correction of their mistakes. 正确答案：A
53. Local varieties are not so difficult to learn as Standard English because ___________ A. the grammar is simpler. B. Mistakes do not matter so much.
C. The vocabulary is not so large
D. Students can feel that the language
belongs to their country and their culture. 正确答案：D 54. The Quirk view is a(n) ___________ view. A. deficit B. liberation C. open D. correct 正确答案：A
55. In the Kachru view, the local English _________ A. should be taught, learned and respected B. is not less good than the Standard English C. is not
a failure of the education system D. all of the above 正确答案：D
56. In quirk view, people learn English mainly for ___________ use. A.
regional B. national C. international D. global 正确答案：C
57. Language changes because language use is a creative process. Only
_______ is not the result of linguistic creativity. A. Pidgins B. Creoles C.
Lingua franca D. interlanguage 正确答案：C
58 From the learner’s point of view, _________ is not the disadvantage of learning a local standard English. A. Local Standards are useful only within the region B. Local Standards offer limited access to written materials C. Local Standards are not well respected outside the local community D.
Local Standards are easier to learn, but they still need time and efforts. 正
确答案：D
59 Language learning represents a big investment of time and effort. All learning is associated with ______________. A. an opportunity cost. B. The students’ desire C. The learners’ enjoying their education D. The decision of
the government’s educati on committee 正确答案：A
60 Saying that all languages are equal, it means that ____________ A. all languages deserve respect. B. All languages must be taken seriously. C. languages serve perfectly well the purposes of those the use them. D. All of
the above. 正确答案：D
61. Saying that all languages are equal is rather like saying that people are
all equal. It means that ________ A. people are actually all equal, and so re
all languages. B. People are actually all equal, but all languages are not. C. People are actually not equal, but all languages are equal. D. People are
actually not equal, nor are all languages. 正确答案：D 62. Mr. Fletcher the
language teacher said, German is disagreeable, French is elegant, and Italian is musical. It is ______________ A. true because actually they are. B. His preference and prejudice. C. Where languages are unequal actually. D. All
of the above 正确答案：B 63. When people say that one variety of a
language has more prestige than another, they mean that the variety
___________ A. belongs to the time when the speakers lived. B. Belongs to a place where the speakers live C. Is connected with speakers who have wealth, education, and power. D. Is connected with speakers who are born
into a social class. 正确答案：C 64. “My Fair Lady “ was an excelle nt film
made from a play called “Pygmalion”, which was written by the famous Irish playwright, _________ A. George Bernard Shaw B. Geoffrey Chaucer
C. Shakespeare
D. Oscar Wilde 正确答案：A 65. The term “false
beginners” are used for students who __________ A. say they are beginners, but actually are not. B. Are thought, perhaps wrongly, to be beginners. C. Have forgotten the early stages f learning a language. D. Are not serious in
their wish to learn 正确答案：C 66. There are _________ stages in the study of a language. A. two B. three C. four D. five 正确答案：A 67. There
are three different ways in which English differs with use. They are
_________ A. vocabulary, grammar, and formality. B. Regional, historical and social variety C. Written, spoken and scientific English D. Formal,
informal, and casual ways of expression 正确答案：A 68. English varies
with the topic or subject that is spoken or written about, which is a matter of ____________ A. the special vocabulary B. the special vocabulary and style
C. spoken English and written English
D. academic purposes 正确答案：B
69. Of a shrinking world, it is fight to say ____________. A. the world’s shrinkage is almost even. B. For most people the world do not shrink at all C. The world only shrinks for the rich, the powerful, and the privileged D.B
and C. 正确答案：C 70. Jules Verne was French writer, who wrote
__________. A. Around the World in Eighty Days B. Persuasion C. Gone With the Wind D. Wimbledon 正确答案：A 71. English is at present the
single most important language in international use because ___________.
A. English is well suited to international use
B. English is musical, precise and beautiful and easy to learn
C. A and B and English allows you access to
a fine culture. D. None of the above 正确答案：D 72. Of an international
language, it is right to say that ___________________. A. it is useful only if it is learnt well by very large number of people B. lonely a musical, exact, interesting language is likely C. beauty and exactness in a language is not
just a matter of individual judgment D. none of the above 正确答案：D 73.
By cultural imperialism is meant _____________. A. the spread to other places of products and cultural ideas that are associated with English B. some countries try to conquer other countries by way of culture. C. Some countries use military forces as well as culture to conquer other countries D.
To threaten other countries by way of their cultures through English 正确答案：A 74. At the beginning and intermediate stages of learning, people are
concerned almost entirely with ______________. A. information about English B. proficiency in English C. grammar and vocabulary of English D.
speaking and reading of English 正确答案：B 75. After studying the course,
you have a clearer idea than before of where you stand in the worldwide community of users of English. You are in the _______ of users. A. Inner
Circle B. Outer Circle C. Expanding Circle D. None of the above 正确答案：C 76. Information about English enables one to do the things except
__________. A. to assess accurately situation in which communication is difficult B. to set realistic targets that can actually be attained within the limits of time available C. to frame specific goals that enable one to make good use of opportunities D. to defend oneself from being influenced by the
cultural imperialism 正确答案：D 77. When s shop puts a big notice saying “Sale!” or “Offer will never be repeated!” or “Don’t miss our special offer!” by “Sale!” it means that ______________. A. some new goods are just out B. the shop owner wants to sell the shop C. the shop wants to have a
salesman or a saleswoman D. the shop offers a better price 正确答案：D 78.
The most commonly used language of international trade is English, while other languages are also in use, such as French, German, __________. A. Portuguese, Spanish B. Spanish, English C. Latin, Greek D. Italian,
Esperanto 正确答案：A 79. A shared language, a common language, is technically called a ____________. A. Lingua Franca B. Makeshift language C. Pidgin D. Creole 正确答案：A 80. Pidgin means a a language,
used only for purposes of trade. It is said to come from a _______ pronunciation of the English word “business”. A. Latin B. Greek C. American D. Chinese 正确答案：D 81. Pidgin means a a language, used
only for purposes of trade. It is said to come from a _______ pronunciation of the English word “business”. A. Latin B. Greek C. American D. Chinese
正确答案：D 82. Pidgin means a a language, used only for purposes of trade. It is said to come from a _______ pronunciation of the English word “business”. A. Latin B. Greek C. Ame rican D. Chinese 正确答案：B
83. Macao, the colony of Portugal in the past, once used a language called Macanese, which is a ____________. A. Pidgin B. Creole C. Lingua Franca
D. Dialect 正确答案：B
84._______ is a makeshift language, and evidence of human inventiveness.
A. Lingua Franca
B. Pidgin
C. Creole
D. Variety 正确答案：B
85. Black English is now a _________________. A. Pidgin B. Creole C.
Lingua Franc D. Variety of English 正确答案：D
86. “He lazy, a’s why he no like play.” It is an example of ______________.
A. Pidgin
B. Creole
C. Black English
D. Faxed English 正确答案：C
87. People say business is a creative activity, but __________ said “Getting and spending we lay waste our powers.” A. Bernard Shaw B. Mark Twain C.
Wordsworth D. Professor Guide 正确答案：C
88.About the African slaves in North America and the Caribbean islands, the statement that ___________ is NOT correct. A. they came from the
coast of Africa B. they worked on plantains C. they produced sugar and cotton D. the trade in African slaves start from 18th century
正确答案：D
Section Two: True or False:
1. RP is the short form of received pronunciation.
正确答案：T
2. Lisa Dolittle is a girl in the story “Pygmalion”, written by the famous written Mark Twain.
正确答案：F
3. There are, at present, about 5000 languages in use in the world.
正确答案：T
4. As time goes by, individual language, that is, idiolect, changes too.
正确答案：T
5. Latin is a living language, and it lives in modern European languages.
正确答案：F
6. Standard English is better than any other English varieties.
正确答案：F
7. Learners want to learn to read and write Standard English for international use, and they want to speak like native speakers.
正确答案：F
8. Most native speaker can understand several dialects , and have difficulty with others.
正确答案：T
9. Although they don’t speak a RP, English dialect speakers almost always understand it.
正确答案：T
10. “English in a Changing world” was written by Gu Yueguo.
正确答案：F
11. English is the language of science, excluding other languages.
正确答案：非
12. Science is the methodical investigation of our own and other world, and technology si the application of science.
正确答案：是
13. The present image of the world is a globe, hanging in profound blackness. It is blue, with bands of white cloud washing across it.
正确答案：是
14. Science and technology cannot do without symbolic system.
正确答案：是
15. Tourism brings damage to cultures and environments.
正确答案：是
16. Natural languages are full of ambiguity, but English is an exception, that is why English is the language of international air traffic control.
正确答案：非
17. Television became generally available after the second world War.
正确答案：是
18. Television makes English more accessible and provides a better motive of learning it .
正确答案：非
19. TV promotes the global use of English.
正确答案：是
20. Edutainment is an invented word, meaning education and entertainment together at the same time.
正确答案：是
21. IT is the short form of international net.
正确答案：非
22. The end of the 20th century is often called the age of raped communication.
正确答案：是
23. English will dominated the making of databases and the processes of retrieval and transfer of information.
正确答案：非
24. The development of IT forced English to be an international language
正确答案：非
25. ELT is the short form of English Learning and Teaching.
正确答案：非
26. Communicative approach is a view of ELT that puts first understanding and being understood by another person.
正确答案：是
27. Error analysis is a way of learning through studying the mistakes.
正确答案：是
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3316780911.html,nguage is shaped by the experiences of the people who use it and change with their changing needs.
正确答案：T
29 Samuel Johnson is the one who make one of the earliest really good English dictionaries.
正确答案：T
30. English belongs to a big language family called the Indo-Tibetan family.
正确答案：非
31. Mandarin and Cantonese belong to the same language family.
正确答案：是
32.Chinese belongs to the Sino-Japan language family.
正确答案：非
33. In general it is easier to learn a new language that belongs to the same family than one that belongs to another family.
正确答案：是
34. Latin should help people understand English better and write it better.
正确答案：是
35. English is the earliest language4 spoken in England
正确答案：非
36. The final conquest of the British Isles was in 11th century by ;the French-speaking Normans.
正确答案：是
37. Standard English began as a regional variety.
正确答案：是
38. Standard English change more slowly than spoken English.
正确答案：是
39. Standard English vary much from one part of the world to another, because different people have varying interests and experiences and the vocabulary to match. 正确答案：非
40. British spellings of English words are much more difficult than the American spellings, and this caused a lot of troubles to Americans.
正确答案：非
41. Basque is a regional language in Spain, and the Spanish government tried to stamp it out.
正确答案：是
42. When the Indian government gave equal right and status to Hindi and English, there were demonstrations against the use of English.
. 正确答案：是
43 speakers have feelings about the language they use, that is called language attitude. 正确答案：是
44. Standard English is same all over the world, which makes it a global language.
正确答案：非
45. The American War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1785.
正确答案：非
46. 1620, English Puritan settlers left Plymouth from the New World in the Mayflower.
正确答案：是
47. The statue of Liberty is in Washington harbor.
正确答案：非
48. Thanksgiving is a family holiday celebrated to remember how the first generation of immigrants had celebrated, on the anniversary of their landing, their thankfulness that they were still safe, and had food and shelter.
正确答案：是
49. The differences between American and British spelling are man-made, not naturally occurred.
正确答案：非
50. British English and American English are mutually intelligible.
正确答案：是
51. At the height of the British Empire, there were British possessions in every continent.
正确答案：是
52. Thomas Macaulay advised that English language universities should be set up in Hong Kong.
正确答案：非
53. The British settlers in Australia in the beginning were mostly explorers.
正确答案：非
54. The world of the late 20th century needs an international language, and Englsih is ideally suited to international use.
正确答案：非
55 Standard English is better than non-standard varieties.
正确答案：非
56. English is used internationally because it is in some sense special and better the languages.
正确答案：非
57. English is used internationally because it is more flexible than other languages and more adaptable.
正确答案：非
58. Languages are often called the tools of thought, and they are actually similar to tools.
正确答案：非
59. The international use of English is the result of evolution.
正确答案：非
60. A social variety is the sort of language which is associated with a part of society. 正确答案：是
61. Languages are actually not equal. It is emerged in educational contexts.
正确答案：是
62. False beginners refer to students who need basic instruction in the sounds, the grammar, and the vocabulary of a language before they can progress, but who do not recognize the need.
正确答案：是
63. Progress in the study of English means learning and practicing English that varies with use.
正确答案：是
64. Code switching here refers to switching between languages.
正确答案：是
65. Style means choice of suitable words, and has to be consistent.
正确答案：是
66. Studying a subject means learning the words that go with it. This is true of whatever language \you study.
67. Trading is a fundamental activity, necessary to all societies.
正确答案：是
68. Pidgin is a makeshift language, the result of human inventiveness and creativity in doing business.
正确答案：是
69 Pidgin is a language for a wide range of purposes, not only to do with coastal trade.
正确答案：非
70. Macanese was a Creole and now is for practical purpose.
正确答案：是
71 Creole can be learned by children as a mother tongue, but pidgin can not.
正确答案：是
72. Pidgins and Creoles are both mixed languages.
正确答案：是
73. Tok Pisin is a Creole, and is now the national language of Papua New Guinea. 正确答案：是
74. The creolised features of English are actually grammatical mistakes.
正确答案：是
75. Errors in faxed English are just not regarded as grammatical mistakes, and are ignored.
正确答案：是
76. Faxed English is quite easy to trite and understand, because mistakes are expected and ignored.
正确答案：非
77. E1L is English as a mother tongue (first language); ESL: is English as a second language; EFL is English as a foreign language.
正确答案：是
78.. Intelanguae is a new term used to show respect to the language learners
正确答案：是
79. Creoles and New Englishes are quite different. Creoles are not well respected, while New Englishes are respected.
正确答案：非
80. Tok Pisin is a Creole, and can be understood by competent English users with some difficulties.
正确答案：非
81. It is not good for Hong Kong people to study an local standard English.
正确答案：是
82. The Quirk view of Emerging Englishes is a liberation view.
正确答案：非
83 In the Kachru view, all the deviations form standard English are mistakes and should be corrected.
正确答案：非
84. In the Kachru view, people learn English mainly for national use.
正确答案：非
85. In the Quirk view, the local English should be taught, learned and respected. 正确答案：非
86. Language changes because language use is a creative process.
正确答案：是
87. All learning is associated with an opportunity cost.
正确答案：是
88. The shrinking world means the world is getting smaller in size.
正确答案：非
89. “Around the World in Eighty Days” was written by a French writer, Jules verne. 正确答案：是
90. The story of “the building of the tower of Babel” was taken from “Bible”.
正确答案：是
91 The world only shrinks for the wealthy and privileged individuals and societies. 正确答案：是
92 Linguistic reasons explain the unique position of English in the contemporary world.
正确答案：非
93 .English is the language best suitable for international use.
正确答案：非
94. any language used internationally tends to spread the culture of its country of origin.
正确答案：是
95. Cultural imperialism is now a reality in our experience, while military Imperialism is a history.
正确答案：是
96. Studying English simply means becoming proficient in using it
正确答案：非
97. Learning about English is very useful for advanced learners because it can give perspective to study and make possible informed decisions.
正确答案：是
98. In the worldwide community of users of English, you stand in the Outer circle. 正确答案：非
99. English is at present the single most important language in international use.
正确答案：是
2020年中考英语考纲词汇ABC（全） 1600个大纲词汇是中考必考核心词汇，对于这些词汇要求听说读写译都得会，掌握其搭配、结构和习惯表达。 ps:真的没有永久记住单词的方法，就是要多看多听多说多写、常复习。没事的时候，打开这个专栏，努力背单词。 A a(an) [?, e?(?n)]art.一（个、件……） 用法：不定冠词的常见用法 ①第一次提到，表示泛指。 ②含有数量“一”的概念，但是不如one强烈。 ability [??b?l?t?]n.能力；才能 a man of ability 有能力的人 the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 able [?e?b(?)l]a.能够；有能力的 be able to do sth. 有能力做某事 about [??ba?t]prep. 对于，关于；大约；在…...周围 be about to do 即将......
We were about to go when it suddenly rained. 我们正要出发，突然天下雨了。 look about 四处寻找 run about 到处跑 What/How about…? above [??b?v]prep.在……上面 above all 最重要的是 Above all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves. 最重要的是，工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。 注意：above的反义词为below abroad [??br??d]ad.到（在）国外 from abroad 从国外，从海外 His parents have just come back from abroad. 他的父母刚刚从海外回来，我们去看望他们吧。 go abroad 出国 absent[??bs?nt]a.缺席；不在 accept [?k?sept]vt.接受
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_U n i t2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n P r o b l e m s -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Unit Two Communication problems Teaching Objectives 1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate. 2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other. 3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings. Teaching allotment six academic hours Focus points 1.key words and phrases assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly 2.difficult sentences 1) When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. 2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. 3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. 3.grammar focus prefix “mis---”的不同意义 Related Information It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting 2
中考大纲词汇表 A a (an) art. 一（个、件…… ）ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的 about ad. 大约；到处；四处 prep. 关于；在各处；四处above prep. 在…… 上面 a. 上面的 ad. 在…… 之上 abroad ad. 到（在）国外absent a. 缺席，不在 accent n. 口音，音调 accept vt. 接受 accident n. 事故，意外的事 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 达到，取得 across prep. 横过，穿过 act n. 法令，条例v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事 action n. 行动active a. 积极的，主动的 activity n. 活动 add vt. 添加，增加 address n. 地址 advantage n. 优点；好处advertisement n. 广告 advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议 afford vt. 负担得起（…… 的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供 afraid a. 害怕的；担心 after ad. 在后；后来prep. 在…… 之后；在…… 后面conj. 在…… 以后 afternoon n. 下午，午后 again ad. 再一次；再，又 against prep. 对着，反对 age n. 年龄；时代 ago ad. 以前 agree v. 同意；应允 agreement n. 同意，一致；协定，协议
air n. 空气；大气 airline n. 航空公司；航空系统airplane n. （美）飞机 airport n. 航空站，飞机场 alive a. 活着的，存在的 all ad. 全部地 a. 全（部）；所有的；总；整 pron. 全部；全体人员 allow vt. 允许，准许 almost ad. 几乎，差不多 alone a. 单独的，孤独的 along ad. 向前；和…… 一起；一同 prep. 沿着；顺着 aloud ad. 大声地 already ad. 已经 also ad. 也 although conj. 虽然，尽管always ad. 总是；一直；永远America * n. 美国；美洲American a. 美国的；美国人的n. 美国人among prep. 在…… 中间；在（三个以上）之间 amuse vt. （使人）快乐，逗乐ancient a. 古代的，古老的 and conj. 和；又；而 angry a. 生气的，愤怒的 animal n. 动物 another a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的pron. 另一个 answer n. 回答，答复；回信；答案v. 回答，答复；回信；（作出）答案ant n. 蚂蚁 any pron. （无论）哪一个；哪些任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么 anybody pron. 任何人，无论谁anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事（物） anyway ad. 不管怎样 anywhere ad. 任何地方 appear vi. 出现
lab=laboratory[l?b] n. 实验室 lady [?le?d?] n. 女士，夫人 lake [le?k] n. 湖 land [l?nd] n.v. 陆地；土地登岸(陆)；降落 The plane landed safely at last. The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. 走陆路至海岛的另一端比从海路走快捷。 building land 建筑用地 my native land 我的祖国 The airliner landed safely. 客机安全降落了。 language[?l??ɡw?d?] n. 语言 large [lɑ?d?] a. 大的，巨大的 last [lɑ?st; (US) l?st] a.vt. 最近刚过去的；最后的；持续 Our holidays lasted seven days. December is the last month of the year. 十二月是一年的最后一月。 How long do you think this fine weather will last? 你认为这样的好天气会持续多久？ 近义词辨析：the last/the latest the last 可指一系列事物中最后一个。
The last bus leaves at 11:15 p.m. 末班公车晚上11点15分开出。 the latest 意为“最近的，最新的” She always dressed in the latest fashion. 她总是穿最新款时装。 late [le?t] a.ad. 晚的，迟的晚地，迟地 My flight was an hour late. 我那趟航班晚了一个小时。 in the late afternoon 在傍晚 in late summer 在夏末 She married late. 她结婚晚。 late into the night 到深夜 They danced late into the night. 他们一直跳舞到深夜。 be late for...... 迟到 later [le?t?] a./ad. 更迟的：后来 later on 后来，以后 sooner or later 迟早 laugh[lɑ?f] n. /v. 笑，大笑；嘲笑 laugh at sb/sth. 嘲笑某人/某事 It is impolite to laugh at others.
A a ability able about above abroad absent accent accept accident ache achieve across act action active activity add address advantage advertisement advice advise afford afraid after afternoon again against age ago agree agreement air airline airplane airport alive all allow almost alone along aloud already also although always America American among ancient and angry animal another answer ant any anybody anyone anything anyway anywhere appear apple April area arm army around arrive art article as Asia Asian ask asleep at Atlantic attention August aunt Australia Australian autumn available avoid awake away B baby back background bad bag ball balloon bamboo banana bank baseball basic basket basketball bathroom be beach bear beat beautiful because become bed bedroom bee beef before begin behaviour behind believe bell below beside besides between beyond big bike bill bird birth birthday biscuit bit bitter black blackboard blind blood blow blue board boat body book boring born borrow boss both bottle bottom bowl box boy brain brave bread break breakfast breath breathe bridge bright bring brother brown brush build building burn bus business busy but butter butterfly buy 1
变化中的英语辅导材料（一） I. Unit content in Chinese 本单元介绍语言，尤其是英语的变化；英国英语的社会方言及地区方言；以及一些用于讨论语言的专门词汇。 II. Main points of the unit The unit is titled Changing English in a Changing World. The important word that you should bear in mind is “change”: languages change with time and people. While reading the unit, you should make an effort to understand or better, remember the special vocabulary used in talking about language as well as the important facts about language change. At the end of the unit, you should be able to answer the following questions: a. What is meant by “living” and “dead” languages? b. What do language, dialect and accents mean? c. Why is it difficult to understand native speakers? c. Explain what is meant by the following: Standard English, Network English, RP. d. How many languages are in use today? Why is a more exact number not possible? III. Self-assessment Part A Choose the correct answer. 1. When we speak of a language as being dead we mean that it _________. A. does not have a written form B. does not have living speakers C. has not been translated D. has been forbidden by the government
考纲词汇表(1600个单词和300条短语) A a a (an) art. 一（个、件……） a bit (of) 有一点，一会儿 a few 有些，几个 a kind of 一种 a little 有点儿，一点儿 a lot （of）许多，大量 a number of 一些，许多 a pair / piece / set of 一双/ 张/ 套（副）ability n. 能力，才能 able a. 能够，有能力的 about ad. 1大约2到处prep.3 关于 above .prep. 在…上面a.上面的ad. 在之上abroad ad. 到（在）国外 absent a. 缺席，不在 accent n. 口音，音调 accept v. 接受 accident n. 事故，意外的事 according to 根据……，按照 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 完成, 达到 across prep. 横过，穿过 act n. 法令/条例v. 演出/行动action n. 行动active ad . 积极的,主动的 activity n. 活动 ad (缩) = advertisement n.广告 add v.添加，增加 add…to…把…加到…上add up to 合计达……address n. 地址 adult adj. 成年的；n. 成年人 advantage n. 优点, 好处 advice n.劝告，建议advise vt. 忠告，建议aeroplane = airplane = plane n. 飞机 afford vt. 负担得起;抽得出（时间;提供 afraid a. 害怕的，担心 after ad. 在后prep. 在…之后conj.在…以后after all 毕竟 afternoon n. 下午，午后 again ad. 再一次，再，又 against prep. 对着，反对 age n. 年龄;时代 ago ad. 以前 agree v. 同意；应允 agree with 同意 agreement n. 同意，一致；协定，协议 ahead ad. 在前，向前，提前 ahead of time 提早 aim v．瞄准，打算n. 目的；打算 aim at 瞄准，针对 air n. 空气，大气 airline n. 航空公司, 航空系统 airport n. 航空站，飞机场 alive a. 活着的，存在的 all ad/a 全部地，所有的，pron.全部 all kinds of 各种各样的 all over 遍及 all right 行了，好吧，（病）好了 allow v. 允许，准许 almost ad. 几乎，差不多alone a. 单独的，孤独的 along ad. 向前prep. 沿着；顺着 aloud ad. 出声地；高声地 already ad. 已经 also ad. 也 although conj. 虽然，尽管 always ad. 总是；一直；永远 America n.美国American a.美国人的n.美国人among prep. 在（三个以上）之间 ancient a. 古代的，古老的 and conj. 和；又；而 and so on 等等 angry a. 生气的，愤怒的 animal n. 动物 another a. 再一别的pron. 另一个 answer n. 回答回信；答案v. 回答，答复 ant n. 蚂蚁 any pron.任何的；（疑问句、否定句） Anybody/anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事（物）anyway ad. 不管怎样 anywhere ad. 任何地方 appear v. 出现，露面; （公开）演出 apple n. 苹果 April n. 4月 area n. 面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域arm n. 臂, 支架 army n. 军队 around ad. 在周围prep. 在…周围；大约 arrive vi. 到达；达到arrive at / in 到达 art n. 艺术，美术；技艺 article n. 文章；东西，物品；冠词 as ad.& conj.像…一样,如同；因为prep. 作为，当作as a result （作为）结果 as ... as 像，如同 as for 至于 as long as 只要 as soon as 一……就 as usual 和往常一样 as well as 也；还；而且 Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的;亚洲人的n.亚洲人ask v. 问，询问；请求，要求；邀请 ask for 请求 asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡 at prep. 在（几点钟）；在（某处） at first首先 at home 在家 at last 最后 at least 至少at most 最多 at noon /night 在正午/在晚上 at the age of 在......岁的时候 Atlantic n. 大西洋 a. 大西洋的 attention n. 注意;关注; 注意力; (口令)立正! August n. 8月 aunt n. 伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨 Australia n. 澳洲；澳大利亚 Australian a.澳洲的;澳大利亚人的n.澳大利亚人autumn n. 秋天，秋季 available a. 可利用的 avoid v. 避免, 消除
英语和美语的一二区别 -----0814070313 陆晓敏 虽然英语和美语两种语言的主体部分（语法、词汇、读音、拼写等）是相同的，但最重要的是美语在其发展过程中受其独特的历史、文化、民族、地域等各种因素的影响，形成了自己的特点，与英语有显著不同。英语和美语的主要差异表现在词汇、读音、拼写及说话的气质等方面，尤其是某些词汇的表示意思。 一、词语方面的区别 主要指英语和美语在表示相同的事物时，选用不同的词语，或相同的词语在英语和美语中具有不同的内涵，也指相同的词语在用法上的不同。英语和美语中所用的词语不同，涉及到生活中许多细小方面。再例如在教育方面，英国人称之为public school的学校，在美国则叫prep school，指的是由私人赞助，多为富家子弟就读的私立学校，其目的是准备学生日后进入高等学府深造。美国由政府出资兴办的public school在英国则称作council school，因为这类学校统归Education Committee of the County Council管辖。英国学校中的班级称作form，在美国学校中则叫grade或class。英国大学中的男生被称作university men，在美国大学中则被叫做college boys。英国大学中的教师叫staff，统称之为dons，而在美国大学中则叫faculty。再如，人行道在英国叫pavement，在美国叫sidewalk。英国人把钱包叫做purse或wallet，美国人则叫做pocketbook。而英国叫做pocketbook的记事本或备忘录，在美国则叫memorandum book。吃饭时美国人称最后一道食品为dessert（甜食），英国则只把其中的水果叫dessert ，其余的叫pudding。英语和美语中对股份有限公司的说法也不一样，英国叫limited liability，写作Ltd.，如Matsushita Electric Trading Co., Ltd.美语中则叫incorporated，写作Inc.，如Tandem Manufacturing Inc.。以上所举的只是少数的几个例子. 二、在用法上的区别 指英语和美语在其用法上的差异，如 1）have作“有”讲时，英、美英语在它的使用上有很大的差异。英语中惯用have作为助动词直接进行否定或疑问，而美语则把have作为普通行为动词来处理。 e.g. GB：Have you a pen? Y es, I have. / No, I haven’t. I haven’t a pen. GA：Do you have a pen? Y es, I do. / No, I don’t. I don’t have a pen. 2）在一般将来时中，英国英语在第一人称作主语时用shall；第二人称和第三人称作主语时常用will。而美国英语在各种人称中一般都用will。
Unit 1 ●Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the structure of the passage Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d 2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed 3) He never let on. 4) He usually walked there with the help of his son 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station 6) He like basketball, dances, and parties 7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him. 8) He was proud of his son 9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 4. Understanding the reference Words. 1)the difficulty in coordination the steps 2)whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart 4)the baseball team 5)sat down to fight 6)what the son has achieved 7)sensed 8)the reluctance to walk with him ●Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8)engage 9)subject 10)saw to it that 11)coordinate 12)participate 2.Word-building patience
变化中的英语复习重点总结 1.全世界语言→ 4000-5000种(P7) 2.Dead language → no living speakers (P7) 3.Historical variation → variation over time Regional variation → variation in different places (P15) 4.RP Standard English Network English: Standard English → Written English RP → Received Pronunciation ( Also Southern Educated British English) Network English → Educated American English (P19) 5.V ocabulary change in English (P23-24) 6.词汇来源：Borrowing(e.g dim sum), Abbreviations(e.g MTR), Translations(e.g dragon boat)(P28-29) 7.英国语言→English, Welsh(Wales地区) Gaelic （Scotland地区）( P36) 8.Dialects→ Different ways of speaking the same language Accent → We are talking only about the sounds of the language in some places (P39) https://www.doczj.com/doc/3316780911.html,nguage family: English →Indo-European family(印欧语系) Chinese → Sino-Tibetan family(汉藏语系) P64 10.英国历史上三次被入侵： 1) BC 1st– AD 5th→Latin- speaking Romans 来自Mediterranean 2)AD 5th - 8th and 9th→ Scandinavian斯堪的纳维亚人(Angles盎格鲁人, Saxons撒克逊部族, Jutes朱特族人) invaded Britain 来自North West Europe 3)AD 11th→French-speaking Normans 来自Normandy(P69-70) 11.Standard English: A: Come from → South East B: Reason →. Its importance is matter of culture and history(P75 ) 13. A good English dictionary contains about 450,000 separate entries.(P86) 14.Receptive(听读) →You recognize a word and know what it means.
machine [m???i?n] n. 机器 mad [m?d] a. 发疯的；生气的 go mad with sth. 因某事而发狂 Hearing the good news, he almost went mad with joy. 听到那个好消息，他欣喜若狂。 be mad about 对……入迷 Most of the young students are mad about pop music. 绝大多数青年学生对流行音乐着迷。 be mad at 对……恼火 The manager was mad at his speech. 经理对他所说的话很恼火。 magazine [m?ɡ??zi?n] n. 杂志 magic[?m?d??k] a. 有魔力的 main[me?n] a. 主要的 make(made, made) [me?k] vt. 制造，做；使得 I made up my mind to study English well. 近义词辨析：make/produce/do/let ①make与produce, 作“生产、制造”讲时，二者可以互换。They produce cars in the factory.=They make cars in the factory. 这家工厂生产轿车。 ②make与do 二者表示不同的“做”，通常说做一个动作用do来表示，而制作一种以前并不存在的东西，则用make。
--What are you doing? 你在做什么？ --I’m cooking. 我在包饺子。 ③make与let “让……”的意思。Let一词含有提出建议的意思，而make一词则带有强制性，命令的意味。 Mum let me stay at home last night. 昨晚妈妈让我呆在家里。make (good)use of 好好利用...... We should make good use of the knowledge we have. 我们应该充分利用我们的知识。 make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠 make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错误 make a telephone call (to )（给……）打电话 make a face 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 make sure 确保，确认 make up 组成，占 Are all animal bodies made up of cells? 所有动物的身体都是细胞组成的吗？ make up for 祢补，补偿 Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence. 勤能补拙。make up one’s mind 下定决心 We make up our mind to study hard. 我们下定决心好好学习。
2019 年中考英语大纲词汇表 1. a art. 任何一个; 某一个; 每一; 一种; 一份 2. ability n. 水平; 才能，才智 3. able a. 能，能够;能干的，有才华的 4. about ad. 大约;几乎; 到处p rep. 关于; 在周围 5. above ad. 在上面; 上述prep. 在?之上; 超过 6. abroad ad. 在国外，往国外; 在外传扬;到外 7. absence n. 缺席; 缺乏，不存有 8. absent a. 缺席的; 茫然的v. 使( 自己) 离开 9. accent n. 音调，腔调;重音; 重音符号; 重要性 10. accept v. 接受; 同意 11. accident n. 意外事件 12. ache v.&n. 疼痛 13. achieve v. 取得( 成绩等); 达到( 目的) ，取得(胜利) 14. across ad. 交叉地prep. 穿过;在?的对面; 遍及? 15. act n. 行为，举动;(戏剧的)一幕; 法案v. 行动 16. action n. 行动，行为，活动;作用;战斗，战绩 17. active a. 活跃的; 主动的; 在活动中的;现役的 18. activity n. 所做的事情，活动，工作; 活动性，活力 19. add v. 加，增加; 附言
20. address n. 地址v. 写收信人的地址;发表演说;称呼 21. advantage n.优势，益处，利益 22. advertisement n. 广告 23. advice n.劝告，忠告，建议 24. advise v.劝告，忠告，建议;通知 25. afford v. 有( 能找到) 充足的时间(金钱)去( 做某事) 26. afraid a. 害怕，畏惧 27. after prep. 在?之后; 追赶; 依照ad. 之后，后来 28. afternoon n. 下午 29. again ad. 再( 一次)，又( 一次); 重新 30. against prep. 反对;逆着;预防; 与?对比; 靠着 31. age n. 年龄;老年;时代; 很久v.变老，长大 32. ago ad. ?以前 33. agree v.赞同，同意; 与?相符;( 性情等) 投合 34. agreement n. 同意，一致;协定，协议 35. ahead ad. 在前面，在前头，向前 36. air n. 空气; 空中; 气氛;态度v.发表( 意见等) 37. airline n. 航线;航空公司 38. airplane n.飞机 39. airport n.飞机场 40. alive a. 活着的，在世的; 有活力的; 充满着?的
A a （an） art. 一（个、件... ） ability n.能力；才能 able a.能够；有能力的 about ad.大约；到处；四处 prep.关于；在各处；四处above prep.在...... 上面 a.上面的 ad.在..... 之上 abroad ad.至U （在）国外 abse nt a.缺席，不在 acce nt n. 口音，音调 accept vt.接受 accident n. 事故，意外的事 ache vi.& n.痛，疼痛 achieve vt.达到，取得 across prep. 横过，穿过 act n.法令，条例v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事 action n.行动 active a.积极的，主动的activity n.活动 address n.地址 advantage n. 优点；好处 advertiseme nt n.广告 advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议 advise vt.忠告，劝告，建议 afford vt.负担得起（...... 的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供 afraid a.害怕的；担心 after ad. 在后；后来prep.在...... 之后;在 ... 后面conj.在........ 以后 after noon n. 下午，午后 again ad. 再一次；再，又 against prep.对着，反对 age n.年龄；时代 ago ad. 以前 agree v. 同意；应允 agreeme nt n. 同意，一致；协定，协议 air n.空气；大气
airline n.航空公司；航空系统 airpla ne n. （美）飞机airport n.航空站，飞机场alive a.活着的，存在的
V ocabulary and Structure Ⅰ. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. (8 points) 1.relocation (a) a small group representing a large group 2.accessories (b) the statement that shows an organization" s assets against its liabilities at a particular time 3.catalogues (c) research carried out for a number of companies on the performance of different products 4.product range (d) when the company moves，e.g. to another part of the country 5.hard sell approach (e) leaflets and booklets which a company produces to give information about their products 6.the balance sheet (f) all the products sold by a company 7.omnibus survey (g) a direct way of persuading people to buy things 8.sample (h) items which are additional to the main product and which can be used with it Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences，using the appropriate phrasal verbs from the box below. Remember to put the verbs in their correct forms. (7 points) take on get down to come to get through call on carry out look into sum up run out of put of 1.They new staff to deal with the increase in orders. 2.(During a presentation) And finally，，let us look at the main points again. 3.It was a disaster！The restaurant wine and everybody had to drink water. 4.If we don"t business soon，it"ll be time for lunch. 5.I"ll that in a moment. 6.It"s going to take a long time to this agenda. 7.I"ll be you when I" m next in town. Ⅲ. Choose a word or phrase from the list for each space in the passage below. Make changes ff