现在完成时的用法和练习题
一. 用法：
（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。
与一般过去时的区别：
强调过去—一般过去式
强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。
试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
My mother went to Shanghai.
Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.
. I didn’t have breakfast.
I haven’t have breakfast yet.
（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：
--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
He has been in the army for ten years.
I have studied English since 1980.
（4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。
如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
I have been to Shanghai twice.
She has watched this film three times.
I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.
练习
1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。
___________________________________
2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。
___________________________________
3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。
___________________________________
4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽
___________________________________
5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二. 构成：
(1) 肯定句：
(2) 否定句：...have/has not done
(3) 一般疑问句：Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.
(4) 常用的时间状语有：
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
A.already和yet区别:
I have already finished my homework.
already用在_______，位于_______。“已经”
Have you finished your homework yet?
yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”
B.for 与since区别: for +时间段since+ 时间点
I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.
I have been here__________7 o'clock.
用since和for填空
1. ______ two years
2._______ two years ago
3. _______ last month
4.______ 1999
5._______ yesterday
6. _______ 4 o’clock
7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children
10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very young
13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years
三. have been in,have been to与have gone to的用法区别
（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm
have been here (there) / abroad
（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
H ave(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练习
I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John __________ England since he came back.
4) How long _________ have _________ this village?
5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.
7) I _________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there before.
11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.
12) He often _________ swimming.
13) __________ you __________ there last year?
14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?
四.注意
现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since 的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：
borrow → keep,buy → have,begin/start → be on, die → be dead,join → be in/be a member of-，come/arrive → be here/in, come/get back → be back,go/leave → be away(from),marry → be married(to),
【练一练】
在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________
动词来代替__________.
例如：
borrow →___________,buy →_______________,begin/start →_____________, die →_______________,join →__________________，come/arrive →_____________ come/get back →_____________,go/leave →_____________,marry →_______________,
练习
1) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
4)He came back two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③be come → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed ，open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door _____________ _______________ ________________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up ，die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I __________ ____________ at this school since ___________.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ___________ ____________ _____________ for __________ ______________.
⑦borrow → keep ，lose → not have ，buy → have ，put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold ，get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ________________ _____________ ______________ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
巩固练习
一．根据提示完成句子
1.他的爷爷去世三年了。
His grandfather ________three years ago.
His grandfather has_____ __________ _____3 years.
His grandfather has_____ __________ _____ 3 years ago.
2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？
How long have you_______the bike?
3 我买这本故事书三年了。
I ______this story book three years ago.
I have _______this story book________three years.
4.他参军十年了。
He ______the Army three years ago.
He has____ _______the Army ____ _______.
He has _____ a ______ _______the Army for 3 years.
5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。
Mary ________ to John ten years ago.
Mary_______ ________ _______ to John for ten years.
6.我入团2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
7. The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
8. I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
9. He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
10.He came back two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
二．改错
1.Hurry up! They wait for us.
2.Are you remembering his name?
3. I’m liking the film very much.
4. I’ll be glad if it will snow soon.
5. Does she goes to school every day?
6. I have seen Betty yesterday
7. I didn’t see the headmaster for weeks.
8. He’s just gone out, isn’t he?
9. His grandpa has died for two weeks.
三．根据提示完成句子
1.他的爷爷去世三年了。
His grandfather ________three years ago.
His grandfather has_____ __________ _____3 years.
His grandfather has_____ __________ _____ 3 years ago.
2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？
How long have you_______ the bike?
3 我买这本故事书三年了。
I ______this story book three years ago.
I have _______ this story book ______three years ago.
4.他参军十年了。
He ______the Army three years ago.
He has____ _______the Army ____ _______.
He has _____ a ______ _______the Army for 3 years.
5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。
Mary ________ to John ten years ago.
Mary_______ ________ _______ to John for ten years.
四. 汉译英
1）这本字典我已买了三年了。
2）他离开中国三年了。
3）我认识他们五年了。
4）他们已去了美国五年了。
五．单项选择
（）1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know （）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
（）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written （）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
（）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
（）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew （）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see （）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
（）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
（）11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in （）12、—Do you know him well ?
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
（）13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( )14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
( )15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
( )16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go D. has been
( ) 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
（）18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
（）19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
（）20、His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
过去完成时
一．【含义】
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如:
He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给Peter写信了。
二．【结构】
①基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:
We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.
在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。
②否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:
They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.
我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。
③一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.如:
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?
他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?
—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)
④. 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。如：
When I got there, the windows had been broken. 当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。
三．【用法】
①用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如:
My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。
②用在“after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如:
Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
在我回到家前,妈妈已经把饭做好了。
③和由for或since 引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here.
他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。
<与其他时态间的联系与区别>
1. 与一般过去时：和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：
By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.
截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。
We learned another English song last month. 上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。
2. 与现在完成时：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：
I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。
I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。
练习
I. 从下面各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
( )1. —Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?
—No, when I _____ France, he ______ to China.
A. had arrived, had gone
B. arrived to, went
C. got to, had gone
D. had got to, would go
( )2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
A. left, had arrived
B. left, arrived
C. had left, had arrived
D. had left, arrived
( )3. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned
B. have learned
C. learned
D. will have learned
( )4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed
B. was enjoying
C. has enjoyed
D. had been enjoying
( )5. Catherine ______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
A. has written
B. was written
C. had written
D. is writing
II. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Mary _____ already _____(try) the dress on before she bought it.
2. I was surprised to find that all my classmates _____(go) to the lab when I _____(get) to the classroom.
3. When she _____ (finish) her work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.
4. Mr. Feng _____ (teach) Unit 16 by the end of last week.
5. Mr. Smith _____(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _____(go) to Australia.
Key
I. 1-5 CDAAC
II. 1. had; tried 2. had gone; got 3. had finished 4. had taught 5. had lived;
完成时态专练
1. He ___________（turn）off the light. We can leave now.
2. By the time we got to the cinema, the film ___________（begin）.
3. She ___________（finish）her homework before I left school.
4. My mother ___________（be）a teacher since 2003.
5. He told us that he ___________（give）the book to his brother.
6. I ___________（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.
7. They ___________（stay）in China for a long time.
8. My father ___________（arrive）home before nine o’clock last night.
Key
1. has turned
2. had began
3. had finished
4. has been
5. had given
6. have washed
7. have stayed
8. had arrived
英语八种时态讲解-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
英语八大基本时态和被动语态要点指南 英语八大基本时态 一、一般现在时 定义：经常、反复发生的动作、行为及现在的某种状况。 结构：①am（第一人称单数）/is（第三人称单数）/are（其他人称）; ②has (第三人称单数)have(其他人称) ③行为动词，除了第三人称单数要由动词原形词尾-s /-es /y变为i，-es; 其他概用动词原形 时间状语：always（“总是，一直”，反义词为never）, usually（“通常如此，很少例外”，反义词为unusually）, often（“经常、常常，动 作重复，但中有间断”，反义词为never）, sometimes（“有时、不 时，动作偶然，常有间断”）, seldom（“很少，不常”）, never （“从不，未曾”）, forever（永远）, every week (day, year, month…)（每周，每天，每年，每月…）, once a week（一周一次）, on Sundays（在每个星期天）,now and then(时常) from time to time (不时地)，in the morning(afternoon, evening…)(在上午，在下午，在 晚上…) etc. Tips：（频度副词频率由高到低）always> usually > often > sometimes >Seldom > never 通常说来，always表示100%，usually表 示80%，often表示60%，sometimes表示40%，seldom表示20%， never表示0%。 否定式：①am/is/are+ not;②谓语动词若为行为动词，则在动词前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。（即后边的行 为动词用原形） 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首，且用be动词回答；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 用什么样助动词提问，就用相应助动词回答 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况或主语具有的状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则 无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示 “come、go、start、leave 、stay、arrive、return、begin、be”等的 动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞 机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
般将来时: 定义：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 构成：(1) be going to +动词原形 (2) will + do 用法：1)表示将来的动作或状态 一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，女h tomorrow (明天)， next week (下周)， from now on (从现 在开始)；in the future (将来)；someday (未来的某一天) 等。 2)表示将来经常发生的动作 ril teach you English every Wednesday next month. ★★★“be going to+动词原形"表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如: ?It is going to rain.要下雨了。 ②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。 Step Three: Do Some Exercise 一、用will或will not以及括号中的动词完成句子 1、I______________________ a Chinese song.(sing) 2、S ally ____________________ the tennis match.(not win) 3、Y ou _____________________ the one-day trip to Guangzhou.(enjoy) 4、F lora ____________________ at home this weekend.(not stay)
二、用括号内的词和be going to完成问答 1、(when/we/ have dinner? We / it / at seven o'clock) A When are we going to have dinner? B We are going to have it at seven o'clock. 2、(Where / you /meet your friends? We / them /at the school gate) A _________________________________________ B _________________________________________ 3、(you and Ling / play football/ today? No / we/ table tennis) A B 现在进行时一般过去时be+动词ingo 动词+ed 一般将来时be going to+实义动词原形; 一般现在时 动词变化 用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加s/es。 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加s/es。 动词+S的变化规则 1.一般情况下，直接加?s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh? ch. o 结尾,力n-es,女u： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以''辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i,再加?es,如：study-studies； 现在进行时动词加ing的变化规则 1）一般情况下,直接加ing,如cook-cooking 2）以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3）如果末尾是一个元咅字母和一个辅咅字母，双写末尾的辅咅字母，再加ing, 如1： run-running, stop-stopping, swim-swimming 动词过去式变化规则： 1）一般在动词末尾加?ed,女n： pull-pulled, cook-cooked
时态综合练习题 § a.一般现在时 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作。always、sometimes、often、usually、never等连用 ②表示现在的状态、能力、性格 ③表示普遍真理或客观事实 结构：肯定句主语＋动词（单三）＋其他 否定句主语＋don’t/doesn’t＋V原＋其他 一般疑问句Do/Does ＋主语＋V原＋其他？ Yes，主语do/does. No，主语don’t/doesn’t. § b.现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作。Look、now、listen、hear 结构：肯定句主语＋be（am/is/are）＋V-ing＋其他 否定句主语＋be not＋V-ing＋其他is not＝isn’t are not＝aren’t 一般疑问句Be＋主语＋V-ing＋其他？ Yes，主语be. No，主语be not. § c.一般将来时 ①将来某一时间段要发生的动作。Tomorrow、next year、in two years、in the future、some day 结构：肯定句主语＋will ＋V原＋其他 主语＋be going to ＋V原＋其他 否定句主语＋will not ＋V原＋其他 主语＋be not going to ＋V原＋其他 一般疑问句Will＋主语＋V原＋其他？ Yes，主语will. No，主语will not. Be＋主语＋going to ＋V原＋其他？ Yes，主语be. No，主语be not. § d.一般将来时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Yesterday、this morning、lastweek/month/year、ago、just now 肯定句：主＋动词过去式＋其他 否定句：主＋didn’t ＋V原＋其他 主＋wasn’t / weren’t ＋其他 一般疑问句：Did ＋主＋V原＋其他？ Was/Were＋主＋＋其他？ 练习 一、判断下列句子时态。 1、We are going to go on an outing this weekend. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2、They are cleaning the house. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3、She doesn’t have a little brother. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
八种常用时态讲解
初中英语动词时态 1、一般现在时 主要用于下面几情况： 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如： They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。 I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。 It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。 这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音乐。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？ 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词， 比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）：
Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如：
时态综合练习1 填空、选择 一、用动词的适当形式填空 1. Listen!The children _______________(sing)in the classroom. 3. Look! The woman over there ______________ (look) at you. 4. Mary ______________ (visit) her grandparents next Monday. 5. Miss Li ______________(have) an English class every Tuesday. 6. I ______________ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow evening. 7. Joan often ______________ (catch) the No.11 bus to work. 8. He _____________much about Chinese.(not know) 9.Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But yesterday was rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bus. 10. My mother usually ____________(watch) TV and ___________(wash) clothes on Sunday morning? 12. Today is a sunny day. We ______________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 13. ______________your sister often ______________(go)shopping? 14. The boys ________________ (swim)in the river now. 16. Everyone in my family_________ (be) busy now. But my brother ____________(play) with the cat. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1.They ____ climbing mountains. A. like B. likes C. liking ( ) 2.Tom and Jack _____ some reading every day. A. do B. does C.doing ( ) 3.My brother_____ hard. A. study B. studys C. studies ( ) 4.Joe doesn’t _____ any money now. A. have B. has C. having ( ) 5.Tom’s English teacher _____ him questions very often. A. ask B. asks C. asking ( ) 6.Mary and May ______ exercise under the tree now. A. take B. are taking C. taking
语法探知：现在完成时态 一、掌握结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 二、掌握用法： 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice （次数）等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用. e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句, in(during) the last(past) ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 我们知道英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或短暂性动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作在一瞬间之内就能完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+段时间，since+点时间/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。（但在否定句中短暂性动词可以与for和since短语连用。） 如：They’ve left London for five days. (×) They’ve been away from London for five days. (√) 三、掌握短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move—be in/at open—be open die—be dead close—be closed become—be borrow—keep begin/start—be on put on—wear leave—-be away (from) buy—have fall asleep(ill)—be asleep(ill) end/finish—-be over catch a cold—have a cold join the army—be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party—be in the Party/ be a Party member get to do —do (get to know—know) get married —be married get up —be up begin to do —do (begin to study—study)
时态综合 【key points】 时态综合——用法 一般现在时：现在的状态和经常反复的动作一般过 去时：过去的状态和动作 现在进行时：现在正在进行的动作时态 综合——构成 一般现在时： 主语 + be (am/is/are) + 其他 主语 + 实义动词(原形/单三) + 其他一般 过去时： 主语 + be(was/were) + 其他 主语 + 实义动词过去式 + 其他现在进 行时： 主语 + be + 动词-ing + 其他时 态综合——标志词 一般现在时： in the morning / on Sund ays / every day / usually, often, always…一般过去时： yesterday / last week / two hours ago / just now 现在进行时： now, right now, at the moment / look, listen / these days 小试牛刀 【exercise】 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。 1.He (get) up at six o’clock every day. 2.Look! The dog (run) after a cat. 3.We (swim) yesterday afternoon. 4.—Where is Tom? —He (lie) on the beach. 5.Lucy cleaned the room and (take) a walk. 6.He always (stay) at home last summer vacation.
时态综合——句式变换一 般现在时： ①I am in Zhengzhou. 否定 I’m not in Zhengzhou. 一般疑问 Are you in Zhengzhou? 特殊疑问 Where are you? ②Tom loves cats. 否定 Tom doesn’t love cats. 一般疑问 Does Tom love cats? 特 殊疑问 What does Tom love? 一般 过去时： ① I was in Zhengzhou. 否定 I wasn’t in Zhengzhou. 一般疑问 Were you in Zhengzhou? 特殊疑问 Where were you? ② Tom loved cats. 否定 Tom didn’t love cats. 一般疑问 Did Tom love cats? 特 殊疑问 What did Tom love? 现在 进行时： Tina is looking for her dog. 否定Tina isn’t looking for her dog. 一般疑问 Is Tina looking for her dog? 特殊疑问 What is Tina looking for? 【小试牛刀】 1.Lily is 8 years old. 否定： 一般疑问：特 殊疑问： 2.Mr. Li likes playing the piano. 否定： 一般疑问：特 殊疑问：
英语时态8种基本时态讲解 一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二．种类：（基本时态） 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时 三．用法： 1．一般现在时： 1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。 一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。 2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋… She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00 every day. 3）注意： a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes ,
once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening. They go home once a week. We usually do our homework at home. b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east. The light travels faster than the sound. c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country. 4）第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s. play---plays stay---stays 例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
第四讲初中英语时态综合讲解（2） 现在完成时 一、现在完成时定义： 1、表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 2、也可表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续持续下去。 二、基本结构：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其他。 1、当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。 2、当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。 3、现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。 4、过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 三、基本句式：否定式: 主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has. (肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't. (否定) 四、基本用法： 1、动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。 如：(1)-Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ -Yes,I have. I've just had it.我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） (2)-I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。 (3)-Have you found your lost pen yet?你找到丢失的钢笔了吗？ -No,I haven't found it yet.没，我还没有找到。 2、表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for 和since等表示一段时间的状语，多为延续性动词。 如：He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这教书。(可能还要继续教) I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。 3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 以already, just和yet为标志：already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 以ever和never为标志：ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 以动作发生的次数为标志：若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 以so far为标志：so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 五、现在完成时的时间状语： For+一段时间（时间段） since+时间点或时间状语从句 so far (到目前为止，迄今为止) ever（曾经） never（从来不） just（刚刚） yet（还）
完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主+ have/has had. No, 主+ had现在完成时的用法 2) 过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。 2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink. A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy 解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
初一五种基本时态讲 解及练习
英语语法（时态） 几种简单时态： （1）一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生动作或存在的状态，或说明主语特征。 ①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：ofte n,usually,sometimes,always,every （day等）,once/twice,a （week等）,on （Sunday 等）,never,in the （morning 等）。 女口：They go to the Palace Museum once a year（他们每年去一次故宫）/ They often discuss bus in ess in the eve ning（他们经常在晚上商谈生意） ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 女口：Our teacher said that the earth turns round the sun.（地球绕着太阳转）/ Light travels faster than sound .（光传播比声音快） ③表示十分确定会发生（如安排好的事情）或按照时间表进行的事情，用一般现在 可以表达将来，句子中可以有将来时间。 如: The train for Haikou leaves at 8 : 00 in the morning.（开往海口的列车上午8 点开车） ④在时间状语从句中（以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导）和条件 状语从句中（以if,unless引导），用一般现在时代替一般将来时，句子可以有将来时 间。 女口：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany（你一至H德国就给我打电话）If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.（如果明天下雨我们只好呆在家） ⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作，动词以come, go为主。 女口：Here comes the bus.（车来了）/ There goes the bell（铃响了）。 （2）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能是一次性，也可能经常发生。 ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时，时间状语有：at （eight）（yesterday morning）, （ten minutes） ago, when弓丨导的时间状语从句。 女口：I got up at 6: 00 this morning.（我是早上六点钟起床的”
初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.