高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习
A dog four legs. A bird two legs. Our school a library.
We 37 chairs in our classroom. My sister a nice toy car.
You two small eyes. My sister three pens. Come here and an apple.
My dog one eye only. Cats four legs. Dogs two ears.
Everybody _____ a dream. Everything _____ its time.
They each _____ a book. Each of them _____ a book.
Do you a bike ? Do they any salt ? Does he a bike ?
Does a rabbit four legs ? I don’t any rice . We don’t any salt .
He doesn’t have a pen . 4. She doesn’t have any envelopes
?在肯定句中，主语是（I, we, they）时用have，主语是第三人称单数he, she, it 时用has
?在疑问句和否定句中无论什么人称作主语，都用have。
?Something, everything等做主语时用has。Each of加名词做主语时用has。
?复数主语开头加each，如they each仍旧用have.
?had 是has和have的过去式。
◆用法：
1、has have had也可以作为一般动词，意为“拥有”“进行”“吃”“使得”“让”等。如果后接不定式，意为“不得不”。例如：
a) He has a good pen. 他有一支好笔。
b) We have supper at 6:00. 我们六点钟吃晚饭。
c) I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发。（我让我的头发被剪了，昨天）
d) I have to leave now. 我得走了。“have to do sth必需做某事，不得不”
e) Can I have a toy? 我可以要一个玩具吗？
2、如何变疑问句？一般现在时时,借助助动词do/does.现在完成时时,则直接将have/has提到句首。例如：
He has big eyes. -- Does he have big eyes?
He has finished his homework. -- Has he finished his homework?
3、后接过去分词，构成现在和过去完成、完成进行时。例如：
a) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经到北京去了。
b) I have been a teacher since then. 从那时起我就一直当教师。
c) They had left when I got there. 我到那里的时候，他们已经走了。
d) He has been working hard since early morning. 丛一大早他就一直在下劲干活。
时态问题
（1）一般现在时（A表示当前的状态；B表示当前一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；C客观真理。）
（2）一般过去时（A表示过去某段时间的状态；B表示过去某段经常反复发生的动作）
（3）一般将来时（A将来某段时间内的状态；B表示将来某段时间内经常反复的动作）
（4）现在进行时（表示说话当前正在进行或者刚刚完成的动作）
（5）过去进行时（表示在过去的某段时间内正在进行的动作或者状态）
（6）过去将来时（以过去某点为基础，表示在其后将要发生的动作或者状态）
（7）将来进行时（表示将来的某个或段时间内正在进行的动作或状态）
（8）现在完成时（表示已经发生的动作对说话现在有影响或结果）
（9）过去完成时（表示已经发生的动作对过去的某个点有影响或结果）
（10）现在完成进行时（表示从过去的某个点起到现在一直在进行并对现在有影响和结果的动作）
A.现在完成时：have / has done
（一）意义
1.表示经历或动作的结果，强调这个动作对现在造成的结果或产生的影响
I have turned off the radio, so you can sleep quietly.
He has recovered from his illness. He is playing football now.
例题：⑴— Alvin, are you coming with us? —I’d love to, but something unexpected _______.
A. has come up
B. was coming up
C. had come up
D. would come up
⑵—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made
B. wouldn't make
C. don't make
D. haven't made
注意：如果动作被说明在某个具体时间发生，则必须用一般过去时
I saw the film yesterday.
例题：⑴ Judy is going to marry the sailor she _____in Rome last year.
A. meets
B. met
C. has met
D. would meet
⑵ The year 2010_____remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape.
A. sees
B. has seen
C. saw
D. had seen
2.和for, since, how long连用表示持续到现在的动作或状态。在肯定句中，使用的动词为延续性动词。
He has come here for three days.
been
His father has died for 20 years.
been dead
They have married for two years.
been married
He has left home for three months.
been away from
例题：⑴—How are you today ?
—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel
B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel
D. haven’t felt
⑵—How long ________ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
注意：并非所for 和how long引导的句子都得用完成时，如果动作已经结束就用一般过去时
Glad to see you back. How long did you stay in the wonderland of Yunnan?
例题：⑴Mr Robert, who is said to have returned to London with his family, _____at Beijing University for eight years.
A. has been teaching
B. was teaching
C. taught
D. have taught
⑵—Where have you been recently?
—I ______in Beijing on business for a week last month.
A. have been
B. had been
C. had gone
D. was
⑶ I____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived
B. was living
C. have lived
D. had lived
3.注意区分几个短语：
have been to 去过某地
have gone to 已经去了某地
have been in 在...地方
4.常见的时间状语：before , already, yet, recently, lately, till now, up to now, so far, ever, once, since, since then, for, in/for/during the past/ last few years
例题：Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save
B. saves
C. had saved
D. has saved
（二）固定句型
1.It is +时间段+since+从句（过去时）自从某人做某事多久了
was (过去完成时）
It is five years since I came to work.
改错：It is already 10 years since he becomes a lawyer.
2.It is the first(second, third...)time that从句（现在完成时）
was (过去完成时）
It is the third time that the boy has been late for school.
例题：This is the first time we ____ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see
B. had seen
C. saw
D. have seen
3.主语+be+最高级所修饰的先行词+that+定语从句（最好用现在完成时）
Gangnam Style is the funniest song that I have ever heard.
Twilight is the best vampire movie that I have ever seen.
例题：It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
B.过去完成时：had done
1.常常用来表示发生在过去的两个事件中先发生的那个动作，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开某一过去时间而孤立存在
He told me that he had already seen the film.
When they got to the field, the football match had already started.
例题：⑴ The hotel wasn't particularly good, but I ______in many worse hotels.
A. was staying
B. stayed
C. would stay
D. had stayed
⑵The moment I got home, I found I ______my jacket on the playground.
A. had left
B. left
C. have left
D. was leaving
⑶We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____each other for years.
A. knew
B. have known
C. had known
D. know
⑷I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ______before my eyes.
A. swim
B. swum
C. swam
D. had swum
2.和by, before等词连用
By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 words.
He hadn’t learned any Chinese before he came to China.
例题：By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had been graduating
D. had graduated
3.固定句型
①前三句型同现在完成时(见前文）
②hardly/scarcely...when ｝
no sooner...than ｝一...就...
We had hardly got into the room when it began to snow.
We had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.
例题：⑴ He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since
B. as
C. when
D. than
⑵Hardly had I caught sight of her ____ I recognized her _____ I hadn’t seen her for ages.
A. then; as
B. when; since
C. before; because
D. when; though
C.将来完成时：will have done
表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作，常与by，before或其它时间状语连用
I will have learnt 2000 words by the end of this term.
I hope we will have got everything ready before you come tomorrow.
例题：—Could you meet me at the airport ?
—I'd like to, but I _______Beijing when you return.
A. will have left
B. was leaving
C. will leave
D. have left
D.现在完成进行时have + been +现在分词
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
E. have+been +过去分词，构成现在完成时被动语态
English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。
【高考真题】
1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,31)The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored
B. has been restored
C. is restoring
D. is being restored
2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,28) Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having
B. have
C. have had
D. had had
3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,31)-----Why do you want to work for our company?
-----This is the job that I ______for.
A. looked
B. am to look
C. had looked
D. have been looking
4.(2010高考英语重庆卷,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
A. remains
B. is remained
C. is remaining
D. has been remained
5.(2010高考英语重庆卷,24)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______on the market in 1973.
A. had come
B. has come
C. came
D. comes
6.(2010高考英语浙江卷,15)For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of
7.(2010高考英语浙江卷,5)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat B．would eat C．have eaten D．will be eating
8.(2010高考英语天津卷,10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting
B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited
D. is being exhibited
9.(2010高考英语天津卷,4)We ______on this project for four hours. Le t’s have a rest.
A. are working
B. have been working
C. worked
D. had worked
10.(2010高考英语四川卷,18)You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
A．will expect B．will be expected C．expected D．were expected
11.(2010高考英语四川卷,16)一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．are finishing C．are to finish D．have finished
12.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,30)The employees ______ that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A．advise B．have advised C．are advised D．had been advised
13.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,29)We ______on our project day a nd night in the past two weeks.
A．had worked B．have worked C．will be working D．has been advised
14.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being b uilt
15.(2010高考英语陕西卷,21)I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing
B. had coughed
C. coughed
D. cough
16.(2010高考英语山东卷,30)Up to now, the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save
B. saves
C. had saved
D. has saved
17.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,30)I ______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do C．am doing D．had done
18.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,24)Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
19.(2010高考英语江西卷,30)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders
B shouldered
C is shouldering
D has been shouldering
20.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)---Is everyone here?
---Not yet……Look , there______ the rest of our guests!
A. come
B. comes
C. is coming
D. are coming
21.(2010高考英语江苏卷,30)--Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
----We_______ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were
B. have been
C. had been
D. will be
22.(2010高考英语江苏卷,23)—why, Jack, you look so tired!
---Well, I ______the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been painting
23.(2010高考英语湖南卷,34)I'm tired out.. I ______ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped
B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping
24.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Liste ning to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
25.(2010高考英语湖南卷,31)I walked slowly through the market, where people ______ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell
B. were selling
C. had sold
D. have sold
26.(2010高考英语湖南卷,27)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone______ it. Was it you?
A. has done
B. had done
C. would do
D. will do
27.(2010高考英语湖南卷,24)This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named
B. named
C. is named
D. names
28.(2010高考英语福建卷,31)——Guess what ,we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
——How nice! You ______ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
29.(2010高考英语福建卷,28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
30.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
31.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,28)When you are home, give a call to let me know you______ safely.
A. are arriving
B. have arrived
C. had arrived
D. will arrive
32.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,21)— Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
— N0, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing
B. would do
C. had done
D. do
33.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19)Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize
B. don’t realize
C. haven’t realized
D. wasn’t realizing
34.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,15)Linda ，make sure the tables ______ before the guests arrive.
A. be set
B. set
C. are set
D. are setting
35.(2010高考英语北京卷,28)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ______ for me.
A. had done
B. did
C. would do
D. were doing
36.(2010高考英语北京卷,26)--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I ______ myself clear. We want to return on Octobe r 20.
A. hadn't made
B. wouldn't make
C. don't make
D. haven't made
37.(2010高考英语北京卷,24)--I'm not finished with my din ner yet.
--But our friends ______ for us.
A. will wait
B. wait
C. have waited
D. are waiting
38.(2010高考英语北京卷,22)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words ______.
A. are dropped
B. drop
C. are being dropped
D. have dropped
39..(2010高考英语安徽卷,34)一We’ve spent too much money recently．
一Well，it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives______ around all the time.
A．are coming B．had come C．were coming D．have been coming
解析
1.【答案】D【解析】本题考查被动语态。Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.
2. 【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。
3. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。
4. 【答案】A【解析】考查时态。remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时。选 A项。
5.【答案】C【解析】考查时态。since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项。
6. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。从For many years可知，此处谓语动词用完成时态；排除C项和D项；又因后一句用的是现在时态，故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”。
7. 【答案】D【解析】本题考查条件句的时态。根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。
8. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意为：“像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世博会文化展上进行展览。”根据句意可知是现在进行时含义，剧中主语时traditional folk arts，是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式，主语又表示“物”，具有被动含义，所以选择C。
9. 【答案】B【解析】考察动词时态。句意为：“我们四个小时一直做这个项目。让我们休息一下吧”，句中出现for four hours这个时间状语，可以判断出使用现在完成时，根据句意又可知动作在持续进行当中，所以用现在完成进行时，故选B。
10. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。
11. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态。在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，此处为until引导的时间状语从句。故用现在完成时，选D。意为：“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”
12. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。
13. 【答案】B【解析】动词的时态。根据句中时间状语in the past two weeks可以推断出应该用现在完成时，表示动作的持续，故选B项。
14. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时，“many a+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。
15. 【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：我得去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。late1y表示“最近”，与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，因此答案选A，此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。
16. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。
17. 【答案】B【解析】B考查动词的时态。根据语意可知：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实，因此应该用一般现在时。
18. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。语意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据语意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。
19. 【解析】考查时态。句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人——一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色。因为有since而且是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时，即she has been shouldering作定语，修饰a role．
20. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come用于进行时通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因
此D项不恰当。
21. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。
22. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
23. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断选D项。
24. 【答案】C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。
25. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B项。
26. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句意为：“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”
27. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态和语态。根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。
28. 【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证，再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项伟现在完成进行时，D项伟将来完成时，均不符合句意。
29. 【答案】 D【解析】考察时态。由句中arrive及before leaving their hometowns.可知，此空应为现在完成时，选C，其他三项不符合时态要求。
30. 【答案】C【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，因此believe后的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示过去即将发生的动作，短语make a'fortune意为“赚大钱”，结合语意，此处应用被动语态，因此答案为C
31. 【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：当你到家时，给我打个电话，好让我知道你平安抵达。由When you are home可知宾语从句中应用现在完成时表示已经发生的动作，因此答案为B。
32.【答案】A【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，因此答案为A。
33. 【答案】A【解析】考察时态。句意为：“抱歉，我刚才没有意识到我挡了您的道了。”这里要用一般过去时，说明说话者在刚才没有意识到自己挡了别人的路，现在已经意识到了，所以要用一般过去时说过去的事实，但是不能用一般现在时。34. 【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。在make sure后的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时，且the tables与set之间是动宾关系。故选C。
35. 【答案】【解析】考察时态。句意为：“过了很久我才完全理解他们为我所做的事情。”此句主句时态为一般过去时，而“他们为我所做的”是发生在我理解之前，故表示过去的过去所发生的事情，即此处需要用过去完成时，选A
36. 【答案】 D【解析】考察时态。句意为：“——对不清，我没听清楚，你是说你在9月20日回来吗？”“—不好意思，我没有表达清楚，我们想在10月20日回来。”由句意可知此处需要现在完成时，即表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即D项正确。
37. 【答案】D【解析】考察时态。句意为：“——我爱没有吃晚饭呢。——但是朋友正在等我们呢。”由语境可知此处表示正在发生的动作，雇佣现在进行时，即D项符合题意。
38. 【答案】A【解析】考察动词时态及语态。句意为：“在美国一些地区的口语中，单词结尾"r"这个音节不被发音了。”由句意可知“sounds”和“drop”之间的被动关系，故需用被动语态，排除BD，C项为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被……”，不符合语境，故选A。
39. 【答案】B【解析】考查时态。从对话可知他们谈论现在的事情，现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去一直延续到现在。句意为：“我们最近花了太多的钱”“不奇怪啊，我们的亲戚朋友一直不断的来”。
七年级英语语法----时态讲解及其练习 一、一般现在时 定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但要学会就必须深刻体会，so please 将其狂读3遍） 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,） e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be（am、is 、are）动词的用法 肯定句：I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句：I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答： Are you +其它？ 肯定回答：yes, I am. 否定回答：no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它？ 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答：no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它？ 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________ ；我用_________，你用__________ ，______________-连着她他它。 含实义动词的结构：肯定句： 主语（I, we, you,they,）+动词原形+其它。
初一英语时态专题复习 一、一般现在时：（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。 1、标志：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）, on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年） 2、结构： （1）主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括There be +n.） 练习：1.I______(be) a student. My name_____(be) Tom. 2. Where _____(be) my shoes? They___(be) here. 3.Who ____(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she ___(be) Kate. 4. You and I ___(not be) in Class Six. 5.___(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_____(be). 6. ____ her parent tall? No, he____. （2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用助动词do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句） 行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goes .1)His parents _______(watch) TV every night. 肯定句1) My brother _________(do) homework every day. 2)His parents _________(not watch) every night.否定句2)My brother________(not do)homework every day. 3)_____his parents_____(watch) TV every night?一般疑3)______ your brother _____ homework every day? Yes, they _______. No, they _______. Yes, he______. No, he _________. 4)When___ his parents _____(watch) TV? 特疑4)When _____ your brother ____(do) homework? They watch TV every night. He does homework every day. 二．现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。 1、标志: now（现在）listen（看）look（听） 2、结构:主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing) 现在分词的构成：1.-ing: eat-eating 2.辅音字母+e: take-taking 3. sit, put, begin, run, swim, stop, get, shop,（双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing.） 练习：1. Jim __________________(take) photos in the park now. 2. Jim_________(not take) in the park now. 3. _______________Jim____________(take) photos in the park now? Yes, he _____. No, he _______. 4. Where _________Jim ____________ photos now? In the park. 三、情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形2、主语+ can’t/may not/ mustn’t+动词原形 3、Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？ 四、非谓语动词（是固定搭配） 1. like+ to do不定式/doing动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do 4. would like to do sth. 5. enjoy doing sth. 6. thanks for doing 7. stop doing sth 8. let sb. do sth. She wants _____(have) a party. Does he like _______(swim)? Thanks for _______(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops ____(talk). 五．祈使句： Go straight and turn left/ right. Go through Fifth Avenue. Take a taxi（Take a bus，Take a walk……） 六．综合练习：1.Mr Green _____(be) a worker. Now he ____(work) in the field. 2.Listen! Who_______(sing)? 3.What time ____ your brother usually _____(do) his homework? 4.You can_______(come) here by bus. 5. Who ____(have) a ruler? 6.Are they_____(clean) the room? 7.-____ you____(eat) dinner? – Yes, we are. 8.Jack ____(have) a soccer ball, but he ____(not have) a basketball. 9._______Jim _______(like)______(run)? 10.They _____(be) from Canada. They______(not speak) Chinese. 11. He wants _________________(be) tall. 1.我们正在吃晚餐。2、我们每天6点起床。
英语语法：初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。
The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.
小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳—一般现在时 一、一般现在时： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 l、当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？ 如： What do you often do after school ? 3、当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ?
英语语法大全之种时态 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】
师大附小 英语语法大全小学教育 Jwwang 2017-8-16
目录 一、什么是时态？ (1) 1.1 时间的定义 (1) 1.2 状态的定义 (1) 二、动词的十二类时态 (2) 2.1 一般式 (2) 2.1.1 一般现在时（DO） (2) 2.1.2 一般过去时（DID） (2) 2.1.3 一般将来时（WILL DO） (2) 2.2 进行式 (3) 2.2.1 现在进行时（AM/IS/ARE DOING） (3) 2.2.2 过去进行时（WAS/WERE DOING） (3) 2.2.3 将来进行时（WILL BE DOING） (3) 2.3 完成式 (4) 2.3.1 现在完成时（HAVE/HAS DONE） (4) 2.3.2 过去完成时（HAD DONE） (4) 2.3.3 将来完成时（WILL HAVE DONE） (5) 2.4 完成进行式 (5) 2.4.1 现在完成进行时（HAVE/HAS BEEN DOING） (5) 2.4.2 过去完成进行时（HAD BEEN DOING） (6) 2.4.3 将来完成进行时（WILL HAVE BEEN DOING） (6) 2.5 过去将来时 (7) 2.5.1 一般过去将来时（WOULD DO） (8) 2.5.2 过去将来进行时（WOULD BE DOING） (8) 2.5.3 过去将来完成时（WOULD HAVE DONE） (8) 2.5.4 过去将来完成进行时（WOULD HAVE BEEN DOING） (8)
过去完成时态 （一）定义：①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】 （二）基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词 （三）用法： （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
种时态总结 1 英语语法16时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do 为例)： 例：He is a student.他是一个学生。 ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。（常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表） 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。 ⑤主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。 2
④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例： He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。（褒义） 3
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例：When he lived in country，he was always helping the poor. 住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。 4. 一般将来时 ①基本结构是will do。 例：We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. 4
一、选择题 1．— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A．Where you bought the book B．Where you buy the book C．Where did you buy the book D．Where do you buy the book 2．—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A．am watering B．have watered C．watered D．water 3．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 4．Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A．finish B．finishing C．are finished D．have finished 5．—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A．am cooking B．cook C．cooked D．will cook 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 8．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 9．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 10．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 11．My mother when I got home yesterday.
—般将来时态的理论 一.意义: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening …… 二. 构成及变化 一般将来时常用的两种结构 be going to+动词原形: 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。 shall／will+动词原形: 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿第一种方式： 1. be going to +动词原形 1.肯定句 主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份 My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。 2.否定句 主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形+其它成份 I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份…? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？ 5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟go ，come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约. 第一种方式：will /shall +动词原形 （在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will） 1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份 I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。 2.否定句主语+ will /shall+ not + 动词原形+其它成份 They won’t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。 3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？ 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？ 附: Shall I /we …常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you…?他们的回答比较灵活。 1．Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure , let’s go . 否定No , let’s go to the cinema. 2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t.
小学英语语法大全-时态 一、一般现在时 1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。 2、构成： 1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他如：I am a student. He is Jim’s father. They are from Japan. 2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成： ①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他 如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. ②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他 如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则： ① 如：read-reads，swim-swims ② 如：wash-washes，watch-watches， do-does ③如：study-studies， fly-flies ④如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换：
二、现在进行时 1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now ，look ，listen 等词。 如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成：be 动词（am/is/are ）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing ） 3、动词现在分词构成： ① 如：read-reading ，drink-drinking ，eat-eating ，look-looking ② 如：write-writing ，make-making ， ride-riding ，take-taking ③ 如：sit-sitting ，swim-swimming ，put-putting ，run-running ，stop-stopping ，get-getting ，begin-beginning ，jog-jogging ，forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。 如：Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换：
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要 发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,
小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳一般现在时
小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳 ~~ 一般现在时 一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句：主语+be(am ,is ,are)+其它。 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 l、当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？ 如： What do you often do after school ? ２、当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？ 如： How does your father go to work? 三．第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式） (1)多数动词直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs……. (2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :watches goes does washes brushes (3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries 但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says