完成时态
1）过去完成时态的构成：
肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词
否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词
疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词
简略回答: Yes, 主+ have/has had.
No, 主+ had现在完成时的用法
2) 过去完成时适用场合
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。
3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。
4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.
A. studied, had gone
B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes
D. had studied, had gone
解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.
A. enjoyed
B. was enjoying
C. had enjoyed
D. would enjoy
解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.
A. has been in
B. had been in
C. had been to
D. had gone to
解析："小培说她去了海南三个月"。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.
时态综合例题：
１--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?
---They _____ tea in the garden.
A. are drinking
B. drank
C. have drunk
D. drink
2. My mother often asks me _____early .
A. get up
B. got up
C. getting up
D. to get up
3. Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.
A. taught
B. caught
C. bought
D. brought
4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.
A. got on
B. got off
C. slowed down
D. picked up
5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent
B. has borrowed
C. has bought
D. has had
6. ---Do you know ______?
---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible.
A. when will he be back, comes, will let
B. when he will be back, will come, will let
C. what time will he be back, will come, let
D. what time he will be back, comes, will let
7. We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
A. will go
B. have gone
C. go
8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.
A. be building
B. be built
C. build
9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.
---OK, Mom.
A. Put up
B. Put on
C. Put down
D. Put away
10. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry, I prefer to ____ rather than _____.
A. to stay at home, go out
B. to go out, stay at home
C. stay at home, go out
D. going out, stay at home
一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)：
1. A policeman saw two thieves ______a girl's mobile phone on the bus and he caught them at once.
A. to steal
B. stealing
C. stole
D. stolen
2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Let's ______them success.
A. wish
B.to wish
C.hope
D.to hope
3. He is so careless that he always ______his school things at home.
A. forgets
B.forgot
C.leaves
D.left
4. ----Who ______the computer? I want to use it.
----Timmy. He ______ it for a week.
A. borrowed, has borrowed
B.has borrowed, bought
C.has borrowed, has kept
D.bought, has borrowed
5. Look! One of the girls ______the door.
A. cleans
B.is cleaning
C.clean
D.are cleaning
6. If you don't feel well, you may just ______.
stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read
7. ----Where can we get a baseball?
----Let's ______.
A. lend Jim one
B.lend one to Jim
C.borrow one from Jim
D.borrow one of Jim
8. ----My model ship doesn't work.
----Don't worry. I'll have it ______this afternoon.
A. repairing
B.made
C.repaired
D.mend
9. You ______wash your hands before meals.
A. need
B.must
C.can
D.may
10. Will you ______the light? It's dark in the room.
A. get on
B.get off
C.turn on
D.turn off
11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may ______me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang.
A. ask
B.say
C.tell
D.call
12. There is going to ______a game in our school this afternoon.
A. has
B.have
C.be
D.are
13. You'd better______smoking. It's bad for your health.
A. eat up
B.give up
https://www.doczj.com/doc/085229143.html,e up
D.get up
14. ----How do you like this book?
----I think it has nothing to______with our study.
A. make
B.do
C.take
D.hold
15. ----Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him.
----He ______the office.
A. has been to
B.has been in
C.has gone to
D.has gone in
16.The bus kept the people ______for twenty minutes.
A. wait
B.to wait
C.waiting
D.waits
17.I believe the scientists will______a better way to heal the disease.
A. get on with
https://www.doczj.com/doc/085229143.html,e up with
C.go on with
D.catch up with
18.----Why do you often ______this pink blouse?
----Because it fits me well.
A. put on
B.wear
C.buy
D.try on
19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he ______him.
A. went over
B.fell behind
C.put off
D.dropped off
20. The Internet ______it easy to get much new information in a short time.
A. finds
B.makes
C.feels
D.takes
参考答案：1--5 BACCB 6-10 BCCBC 11--15 DCBBC 16-20 CBBBB
二、选择最佳答案填空(动词时态)：
1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime.
A. had found, had been
B. had found, was
C. found, had been
D. found, was
2. It so happened that they________ the novel before.
A. had read
B. would read
C. were reading
D. read
3. She________ for nearly two hours.
A. kept talking
B. kept to talk
C. has kept talking
D. kept to talking
4. Spring_______ after winter.
A. comes
B. came
C. has come
D. had come
5.-I hear some noise in the next room.
-Oh, yes. Your sister_______ there.
A. cries
B. is crying
C. cried
D. was crying
6. All the students__________ to plant trees and there's nobody in the classroom.
A. go
B. will go
C. have gone
D. wound go
7. Stop! A little boy_________ the street.
A. is crossing
B. crosses
C. crossed
D. has crossed
8. The girl________ to milk since last winter.
A. learns
B. learned
C. has learned
D. would learn
9. What__________ to you this morning?
A. happens
B. is happened
C. happened
D. was happened
10. -The old man looks healthy.
-Yes. He________ some running after he gets up.
A. does
B. did
C. has done
D. will do
11. She didn't pass the exams because she________ her lessons well.
A. wasn't prepared
B. wasn't been prepared
C. hadn't prepared
D. was preparing
12. This story_______ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.
A. is happened
B. was happened
C. happened
D. has been happened
13. -Mr King came back to our village.
-Really? For what?
-The old man________ the noise in the city.
A. is hating
B. hates
C. was hating
D. has hated
14. His father ________ for a week.
A. died
B. will die
C. has been died
D. has been dead
15. My mother is ill. I _______stay at home and look after her.
A. has to
B. must
C. would
D. have to
16.---Do you know the Frenchman?
---Yes. I ______him for two years.
A. know
B. have known
C. knew
D. have been known
17. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home.
A. spend
B. had spent
C. have spent
D. will spend
18. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lot of factories_______.
A.have been taken place, have been set up
B.have taken place, have been set up
C.have taken place, have set up
D.were taken place, were set up
19. ---When did Kate's grandma die?
---While the doctors______ on her.
A. are operating
B. were operating
C. operate
D. operated
20. ---Who are you looking for?
---Mr White.
---Wait here for a while. The class meeting_______ over in half an hour.
A. is
B. will be
C. was
D. has been
21. If she's not at home, you ______ try telephoning her at the office.
A. will
B. could
C. would
D. need
22. All the new words ______ up in the dictionary yet.
A. have looked
B. haven't looked
C. have been looked
D. haven't been looked
23.I don't want to speak to her, but I ______.
A. do
B. have to
C. have to speak
D. must to
24. Hurry up, or you _____ the train.
A. miss
B. lose
C. will miss
D. will lose
25.The new library ____ next week.
A.. will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built
26.---Where's Mabel?
---She _____ ping pong behind the teaching building.
A. is playing
B. was playing
C. played
D. had played
27. Quite a few tall buildings _______ the last two years.
A. have been put up
B. were put up
C. had put up
D. put up
28. Man-made-satellites______ into space by many countries.
A. was sent up
B. is sent up
C. have been sent up
D. has been sent up
29. I _______ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?
B. copy B. will coup
C. copied
D. have copied
30. Nobody knew _______ a living in that country.
A. to do
B. to make
C. how to do
D. how to make
31.The old man needs at most five hour's sleep a night ,but he__________ for over seven hours tonight.
A. has fallen asleep B has slept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep
32.I'm really getting too fat. From now on, I________ more exercise and eat less food.
A have done
B do
C am doing
D will do
33. You don't need__________ her. I_________ her for several times.
A describe, had met
B describe, meet
C to describe, have met
D describe, met
34. His speech in English was difficult__________.
A in following
B for being followed
C to follow
D to be followed by
35. When he was a child, he tried to find ways_______ people________ life more.
A. to help, enjoy
B. help, to enjoy
C. help, enjoying
D. to be helped, to enjoy
36.What did your class teacher ________you to _______at the meeting?
A. tell, say
B. ask, speak
C. tell, speak
D. ask, talk
37.______the bus until it _______.
A. Get off, stops
B. get off, will stop
C. Don't get off, stops
D. Don't get off, will stop
38 The living standard of the people in Shanghai_______ in the last ten years.
A. has raised
B. has risen
C. has been raised
D. has been risen
39 -What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?
-He_______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. has driven
B. drove
C. drives
D. is driving
40. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.
A. had begun
B. began
C. has been on
D. has begun
1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB
21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。
2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。
4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started. 我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been. 老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5. 如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6. 表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。
Jack, you are also here! I didn’t see you. 杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。
随讲随练
1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding. [2006年全国II卷]
A. will plan
B. has planned
C. would plan
D. had planned
【初中英语】过去将来时复习 一、初中英语过去将来时 1．—Uncle Sam said he ________ my birthday party, but he never showed up. —That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything! A. will attend B. would attend C. has attended D. had attended 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——Sam叔叔说他将参加我的生日聚会，但是他从没有出现。——那是Sam叔叔，他忘记所有事情了。A.一般将来时；B.过去将来时；C.现在完成时；D.过去完成时。根据showed可知与过去有关，Sam叔叔说将参加聚会，但是没来，所以用过去将来时，故选B。 【点评】考查过去将来时，注意平时识记，理解句意。 2．Mr. Wu said he ______ us to the zoo the next week. A. would take B. will take C. take D. takes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:吴老师说他下周会带我们去动物园。在这个句子中，said 后面跟的是一个宾语从句，从句中的时态是由主句决定的。主句中said 用的是过去时，故宾语从句中也需用过去时态。the next week 下周，是一个将来的时间。故应该用过去将来时。故选Ａ。 【点评】考查动词时态。 3．I didn't know when he _____ back. He said he would call me when he _____ home. A. would come, got B. came, got C. will come, gets D. came, would get 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意为：我不知道他什么时候回来。他说他一回来就给我打电话。前句是when引导的宾语从句，根据语境应用一般过去时。后句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。故选B。 【点评】考查从句的时态。 4．—Would you like to go boating with me? —Sure.________ A. I'd like B. I'd love C. I'll be glad D. I'd love to 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】—你想与我一起去划船吗？—当然，我乐意去。I'd like后缺少了to；I'd love后面同样缺少to；I'll be glad 后缺少to；原句中would like to do sth.是愿意去做某事，回答的时候用I'd love/like to。故选D。
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
现在完成时讲解与练习 1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和 主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。（现 在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等 表示一段时间的状语。\ 如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 3．结构 1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t. 2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它 eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet. （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗 -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如 -Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。 How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次 （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始， 一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与 表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动 词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out → be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work →work等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主+ have/has had. No, 主+ had现在完成时的用法 2) 过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。 2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink. A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy 解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
时态详解：过去将来完成时 一、过去将来完成时的用法 过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作会业已完成。这个时态用得相对比较少，通常主要用于转述方面，即用于间接引语中。如： She said she’d have finished her exams by then.她说那时她会已经考完试了。 The party would have arrived by four o’clock.这一行人将于4时前到达。 She said she’d have finished her exams by then.她说那时她会已经考完试了。 二、构成方法 过去将来完成时由“would+have+过去分词”构成。 三、基本用法 过去将来完成时的基本用法就是：表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作。如： I thought Sophia would have told you something. 我想索菲娅会已告诉你一地情况。 He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home. 他知道他到时她会已经回家。 The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir. 我们建成水库的日子不远了。 He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month. 他说到下月底就不用我的照相机了。 I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back. 我猜我们回来时妈妈已经做好一些三明治了。 四、过去完成时用于虚拟语气中 若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If I'd left sooner, I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词+其他） 基本用法 。 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. ~ 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.
英语语法动词八种时态详解：过去将来时 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个”将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中； B）表示过去习惯性的动作； C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，
她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 He didn’t expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢
一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时态讲解及练习 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下: 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的-e 结尾的动词只加–d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致） 3)过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt
recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
语法探知：现在完成时态 一、掌握结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 二、掌握用法： 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice （次数）等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用. e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句, in(during) the last(past) ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 我们知道英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或短暂性动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作在一瞬间之内就能完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+段时间，since+点时间/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。（但在否定句中短暂性动词可以与for和since短语连用。） 如：They’ve left London for five days. (×) They’ve been away from London for five days. (√) 三、掌握短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move—be in/at open—be open die—be dead close—be closed become—be borrow—keep begin/start—be on put on—wear leave—-be away (from) buy—have fall asleep(ill)—be asleep(ill) end/finish—-be over catch a cold—have a cold join the army—be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party—be in the Party/ be a Party member get to do —do (get to know—know) get married —be married get up —be up begin to do —do (begin to study—study)
精品文档 一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达. 4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点, since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long time . ⑥She hasn’t h ad a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.
时态详解：过去将来完成进行时 一、过去将来完成进行时的用法 过去将来完成进行时表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文决定。如： I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.我听说到七月份，你就在这里教了10年书了。 二、过去将来完成进行时的构成 过去完成进行时由“would have been+现在分词”构成。如： He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. 他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。 I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years. 我知道到那时他他就在那儿工作满30年了。 S he told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.她告诉我到年年夏天她在那所大学教书就满20年了。 三、间接引语与过去将来完成进行时 在间接引语中，若主句为过去时态，则用于宾语从句中的间接引语则要把将来完成进行时改为过去将来完成进行时。如： I know by this time next week y ou’ll have been working here for 30 years. →I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years. She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer. →She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer. 五、过去将来完成进行时的情态意义 “would have been+现在分词”结构除用于表示过去将来完成进行时外，有时其中的 would 也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。如： “What interesting job have you found?” Helen asked him; he knew she would have been thinking about it. “你找到什么有趣的工作啦?”海伦向他问道。他知道海伦一定会一直想这件事的。
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
现在完成时的讲解和练习题 一、构成：主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他 否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语+ have/has. (否定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't. 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在 （一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态 常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如： ※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人 过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？ （二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有： ①for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 ②since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. ③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. ④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延 续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。非延续性动词，又叫瞬间动词，短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died. 常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下: 1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,
一、英语时态总结 （一）现在 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里，我们重点讲解一下最常见的11种时态的用法和注意事项。 1.一般现在时： A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 eg: It is a nice day. 今天天气很好（表现在存在的状态） B)习惯用语:这个要在平时自己积累，因为习语太多，不做过多解释。 eg: Believe it or not, we won the game. 我们赢得了比赛，信不信由你。 口语中常说believe it or not，意思是：“信不信由你”“我说的是真的”。believe itor not是一个固定说法，相当一个插入语，短语中的believe没有词形变化。 C)经常性、习惯性动作。 eg: He always helps others.（他总是帮助别人。） D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致. eg: He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说过太阳从东方升起
这个句子要注意，前边虽然said是过去式，但是后边“太阳从东方升起”是个客观真理，故不需同前边一样用过去式，而用一般现在时。总而言之，记住：客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。 E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 eg: When does the plane leave? 飞机什么时候起飞 eg:The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 飞机将在今下午三点起飞 这个句子注意一下，飞机起飞本来是将来时，但为什么不用将来时，因为这里表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，飞机起飞时间是规定、计划好了的。 F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 eg: When you finish your homework, I will have waited for 3 hours. 当你完成家庭作业时，我将已经等了三小时了。 2.现在进行时(be doing)的用法：表示现在正在做的动作，但要注意短暂性动词不能用于进行时，(短暂性动词：指该动词所表示的动作一发生就立即结束，该动作不能延续，但会产生某种结果或影响，即只表示一个短暂的动作，不能表示延续状态。常见的短暂性动词如: close, die, come, go, leave, break, lose, buy, join,recieve, borrow, become, start, begin, post, arrive等)。 3.现在完成时(have done)：重要考点，初二以后几乎都是完成时态。 A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 eg: I have just finished my homework.