2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid?Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are
5.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is 6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets.But they 9 hit cyclists.If the target was changed to 10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another 12:people became immensely inventive n hinting targets.Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but stile arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take.A one-hour light is now ballad as a two-hour flight.
The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are muti dimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a 17. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time,money.quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.
1.[A] therefore [B]however [C] again [D] moreover
2.[A] Emphasize [B]Identify [C] Assess [D] Explain
3.[A] nearly [B]curio [C] eagerly [D] quickly
4.[A] claim [B] prove [C] check [D] recall
5.[A] threatened [B] ignored [C] mocked [D] blamed
6.[A] punctuality [B] hospitality [C] competition [D] innovation
7.[A] Yes [B] So [C] Besides [D] Slit
8.[A] hired [B] trained [C] rewarded [D] grouped
9.[A] only [B] rather [C] once [D] also
10.[A]comfort [B] revenue [C]efficiency [D]security
11.[A] fried [B] quiet [C] cautious [D] diligent
12. [A] purpose [B] problem [C] prejudice [D] policy
13.[A] report [B] revealed [C] admitted [D] noticed
14.[A] break [B] trip [C] departure [D] transfer
15.[A] moral [B] background [C] style [D] form
16.[A] interpret [B] criticize [C] sacrifice [D] tolerate
17.[A] task [B] secret [C] product [D] cast
18.[A] leading to [B] calling for [C] relating to [D] accounting for
19.[A] specify [B]predict [C] restore [D]create
20.[A] modify [B] review [C] present [D] achieve
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
"Deskilling" is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the "core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline.
The question of who should pay for res killing is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do massive res killing program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. But even if you cannot close that gap, may be you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden: When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that res
killed the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.
21.Research by the World Economic forum suggests_________.
A.an urgent demand for new job skills
B.an increase in full-time employment
C.a steady growth of job opportunities
D.a controversy about the " core skills"
22.AT&T is cited to show _________.
A.the characteristics of res killing programs
B.the importance of staff appraisal standards
C.an immediate need for government support
D.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy
23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada
A. have driven up labour costs
B. have proved to be inconsistent
C. have met with fierce opposition
D. have appeared to be insufficient
24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was
A. a call for policy adjustment.
B. a change in hiring practices.
C.a lack of medical workers
D.a sign of economic recovery.
25. Scandinavian Airlines decided to_
A. Great job vacancies for the unemployed.
B.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs.
C.Retrain their cabin staff for better services
D.finance their staff′s college education
Text 2
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 blini by 2050,and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will bed to nearly double to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason: Br exit.
Br exit is sen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food.The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats,down form almost the-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to sufficient,the argument goes, would bots the farming industry.political sovereignty and even the nation's health. Sounds great — but how feasible is this vision?
According to are port on UK food production from the University of Leeds,UK,85 per cent of the country's total land area disassociated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively —meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis.Just 25 per cent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all he nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 per cent
boost in crop production.
Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
26.Some people argue that food self sufficiency in the UK would
[A] be hindered by its population growth
[B] contribute to the nations well-being
[C] become a priority of the government
[D] post a challenge to its farming industry
27.The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK
[A] farmland has been inefficient
[B] factory style production needs reforming
[C]most land is used for meat and dairy production
[D] more cornfields will be converted for farming
28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to_—
[A] its farming technology
[B] its dietary tradition
[C] its natural conditions
[D] its commercial interests
29.It can bel eared from the last paragraph that British people__
[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce
[B]enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
[D] are trying to grow new varieties of grains
30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is____
[A] defensive
[B] doubtfu1
[C] tolerant
[D] optimistic
Text 3
Big Tech's 'buy and kill' tactics come under scrutiny When Microsoft bought task management app W under list an c mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft′s owe Office dominates the market for "productivity" software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smart phone world.
Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it has used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many "Acquit-hires" that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.
To Microsoft's critics, the fates of W under list and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. "They bought the seedlings and closed them down," complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tc comment.
Like other start-up investors,Mr Harold's own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: "I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don' t know."
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions oven the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, there quest has raised the prospect of
regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.
Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn, rifling ugh such small deals — many of them much less prominent Thar Wanderlust and Sunrise — might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies
(Apple,Microsoft, Google,Amazon an ace book) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1br intuitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.
However,critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a "buy and kill" tactic to simply close them down.
31.What is true about Wanderlust and Sunrise after their acquisitions?
A. Their engineers were retained.
B. Their market values declined.
C.Their tech features improved.
D. Their products were re-priced.
32.Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend to_
A. exaggerate their product quality
B.eliminate their potential competitors
C.treat new tech talent unfairly
D.ignore public opinions
33.Paula mold is concerned that small acquisitions might_
A. weaken big tech companies
B. worsen market competition
C. harm the national economy
D. discourage start-up investors
34.The US Federal Trade Commission intends to_
A. limit Big Tech's expansion
B. encourage research collaboration
C. examine small acquisitions
D.supervise start-operatives
35.For the five biggest tech companies,their small acquisitions have
A. brought tilt financial pressure
B.raised few management challenges
C.set an example for future deals
D. generated considerable profits
Text4
We're fairly good a judging people based on frat impressions thin slices of experience ranging from a grim photographs to a five-minute interaction.and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive l none study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing."
the late psychologist Na line Lambada asked participants to watch silent
I0-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor' coverall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1(00) by nines as they watched the clips. occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
Critically,another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment. before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Lambada suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances,rather than letting the complex interplay of sublet signals form a holistic impression.She found similar
interference where participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection."It's as if you re driving a stick shift,"says Judith Hall,a psychologist a No rhea stem University,"and if you start thinking about it too much,you can't remember what you're doing.But if you go on automatic pilot, you're fine.Much of our social life is like that."
Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College studentships of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with expressionists when the students weren't t asked to analyze their rationale, And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feigns rather than on details but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process — Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances.In one study, particle completed a battery of eight tasks.including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules. Comprehending vocabulary)and four that tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products or figures of speech)Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition"gut feelings," hunches,"my heart"),Us of their gut hurt their performance on the fist four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the rest Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.
36.Catalina Milady's study deals with
[A] the power of people's memory
[B] the reliability of first impressions
[C] instructor- student interaction
[D] people's ability to influence others
37.In Milady's study, rating accuracy dropped when participants_
[A] focused on specific details
[B] gave the rating in limited time
[C] watched shorter video clips
[D] discussed with one another
38.Judith Hall mentions driving to show that ____.
[A] reflection can be distracting
[B] memory may be selective
[C] social skills must be cultivated
[D] deception is difficult to detect
39.When you are making complex decisions,it is advisable to_
[A] collect enough data
[B] list your preferences
[C] seek expert advice
[D] follow your feelings
40.What can agleam form the last paragraph?
[A] Generating new products takes time
[B] Intuition may affect reflective tasks
[C] Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity CATION GROUP
[D] Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness
Part B
Directions:
Read the flowing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do Ned to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
A. Stay calm.
B. Stay humble.
C. Decide whether to wait
D. Be realistic about the risks.
E. Don't make judgement.
F. Identify a shared goal.
G. Ask permission to disagree.
How to disagree with someone more powerful than you Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic. What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41. C
You may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experience or information to your thinking — all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
42. F
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who's trying to advance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.
43. G
This step may sound overly deferential but it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control.You can see something like,"I know we sen to be moving toward a is t quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work. I'd like to layout my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing him to verbally opt in. And,assuming he says yes,it will make you fell more confident about voicing your disagreement.
44. A
You might feel your heart racing or your face tuning red,but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the ms sage. It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what signals to read.Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we fell panicky,we tend to talk louder and faster.Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.
45. B
Emphasize that you're only offering your opinion,not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion,but it's till an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline,we will never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your opinion(as a position,not as a fact),demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.
Section III Translation
46. Directions;
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection. laughter,and warmth. While that may well be-true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.
In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with some one near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangest, it's fen due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the
time,however, this be lief is false.As it tuns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.
【参考范文】
我们通常认为朋友和家庭成员是我们交流，快乐和温暖的最大源泉。然而这或许是正确的。但是，最近研究人员也发现与陌生人交流实际上可以改善情绪并找到出人意料的归属感。在我们的一系列研究中，研究人员建议，芝加哥区域的通勤者可以借助乘坐公共交通工具与身边的人交流。通常来说，那些听从指示的乘客远比那些被告知独自站立或静坐的人感觉要好得多。我们在日常生活中之所以羞于与陌生交流是因为我们不恰当的焦虑感——他们或许不愿意和我们交流。然而，大多数时候，这个想法是错误的。正如实验结果显示，很多人实际上非常乐意交流——甚至有可能因你的关注而感到满足。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are organism an online meeting Write an email to Jack, an intentional student.
(1) invite him to participate,and
(2) tell him the details
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of thee-mail. Use "Li Ming"instead.
Do not write the address. (10points)
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
To avoid the spread of novel corona virus, I am going to hold an online meeting instead of the traditional method , and you, as an outstanding international student, I cordially invite you to give an online lecture to us at our university.
I believe that the students will not only learn from you, but also be inspired by your extensive knowledge. I hope that you will be available for a lecture at 10:00 a.m. this Saturday in our Internet space. You will be welcome to participate fully in the activities of the conference, where 45 minutes is allocated for your lecture and 15 minutes for the Question-and-Answer session.
I hope you are interested in this online meeting. We all look forward to seeing you at this online meeting. Your acceptance of this invitation will be greatly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing.you should
(1) interpret the chart,and
(2)give your comments
You should write about150 words on the ANSWER SHEET(15points)
【参考范文】
From the information given in the chart, we can see the survey on the methods of workout among citizens in a certain city. It can be seen that physical excise al one dominates the most by occupying the 54.3%, next to which is workout with friends at about 47.&%. And 23.9% and 15.8% are attributed to exercises with family and group activities.
There are two primary reasons behind this. On one hand, it is strongly convinced that that is mainly due to the fact that people gl owingly attach importance to physical health by doing some outd oor exercises, especially when we are all faced with the Covid-19 all over the world and universal sub-health situation. On the other hand, due to the burdensome workload and overwhelming social requirements, it is more common for people to enjoy the carefree time. Taking all analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that this phenomenon is attributed to the contemporary health condition among people and nowadays social needs. And it is advisabl e for us to promote health with friends and family to forge cl oser bound.
2021年考研英语真题及答案（完整版） 2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。 To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 。 He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。 Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 。 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified 11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
2021年考研英语真题及答案 2021年考研英语真题及答案（完整版） 2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, onthe whole, poor at considering background information when making individualdecisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the abilityto make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohnspeculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makersto be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 ,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likelyto send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six otherdefendants only to probation on that day。To 8 this idea, he turned to theuniversity-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should notdepend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but DrSimonsohn suspected the truth was 11。He studied the results of 9,323
[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified. [D]scientific work calls for a critical mind. 35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test? [A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development. [B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery. [C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science. [D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science. Text 4 If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2023 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案 Section I Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this Section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A Directions: For Questions 1 - 5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 5 points Welch's Personal Information Place of Birth Philadelphia Year of Birth 1901 Transfer to Barnard University Year 1920 Major at University 1 Final Degree PhD Year of Marriage 1928 Growing Up In New Guinea Published Year 2 Field Study in the South Pacific Age 3 Main Interest 4 Professorship at Columbia Started Year 5 Death Age 77 Part B Directions:
2023年考研真题及答案解析（英语二） 导论 2023年考研真题及答案解析（英语二）是针对2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二科目的一份综合性文档。该文档以Markdown文本格式输出，旨在提供给考生们参考和备考的工具。本文档包含真题及答案解析，旨在帮助考生们了解考试内容和解题思路。 文档结构 以下是本文档的详细结构： 1.考试概述 2.真题展示 3.答案解析 4.考试技巧 5.考试资源推荐
6.结语 1. 考试概述 2023年考研英语二科目是中国硕士研究生入学考试中的重要科目之一。这门考试主要测试考生在英语阅读、翻译和写作等方面的能力。考试时间为120分钟，总分为150分。 2. 真题展示 本文档将提供2023年考研英语二科目的真题展示。考生可以通过阅读真题，了解考试的难度和内容。 以下是2023年考研英语二科目的部分真题示例： 阅读理解 题目一 Passage 1 With nearly five billion people living in China and India, the growth in the number of cell phones in use in those countries has huge implications. Cell-phone growth rates in both countries are growing more than twice as fast as in the United States. For companies that produce and provide services for wireless systems, India and China take on even more
2021年考研英语二复习指导-考研真题-招生简章-真题-分数线-参考书-辅导班
考研英语二复习指导 2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲?公布，与去年英语(二)大纲相比，2022考研英语(二)考试大纲没有任何变化。为了帮助大家对英语(二)大纲有更深刻的认识，本文从考试性质、评价目标和试卷结构三个角度，对2022年英语(二)考试大纲的考查要求和内容进行解析。 一、考试性质 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。即，英语(一)是针对学术硕士研究生的考生，英语(二)是针对专业硕士研究生的考生。 专业硕士研究生主要包括会计硕士等19种专业学位，2022年新增加的金融硕士等19种专业学位招生工作尚待教育部发文明确。其中：MBA、MPA、工程管理MPM以及新增的工程管理MEM等硕士专业学位仅面向在职人员，应届生不能报考。如报考工商管理硕士125100(MBA)、公共管理硕士125200(MPA)以及工程管理硕士MEM的考生必须具有大学本科毕业后三年以上(含三年)工作经验，或者大专毕业后五年以上(含五年)工作经验，或者具有硕士或博士学位并有两年以上(含两年)工作经验。 二、评价目标 1. 语法：英语二明确了八个语法知识点 英语(一)大纲要求考生能熟练地运用根本的语法知识，没有专门列出对语法
知识的具体要求，而英语(二)专门列出了考生需要掌握的八个语法知识点，明确了考查方向和备考范围。这在一定程度上意味着英语(二)语法考查范围相对较小，更注重考查考生的根底知识，难度会比英语一大大降低。专家建议考生把这八个语法知识点认真吃透，并加以灵活运用。 2. 词汇：英语二词汇的复习重点有别于英语一词汇 英语(一)大纲要求“考生能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组〞。而英语(二)大纲要求“考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右的常用词汇以及相关常用词组〞。可见，英语(二)不会像英语一那样偏重对词汇词义和用法的深度挖掘，而是主要偏重考查“常用〞的词汇和词组，其考查的难度大家就心里有底了。 此外，英语一对词汇还提出了更全面的要求“除掌握词汇的根本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的根本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等〞。而英语二提到的是“考生应能根据具体的语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义〞。英语一与英语二的词汇要求侧重点不同，英语一的要求相对较高，考生复习起来难度和任务量也较大，而英语二对词汇的要求相对较低，更多的只是考查考生根据语境推测非常用词词义的能力。 在阅读能力要求方面，英语二大纲去掉了“生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%〞这一条。可见，英语二涉及到的生词量问题较少，考查生词的可能性也降到了最低。 3. 阅读能力：英语二阅读能力要求相对较低 英语一大纲要求“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料
2021年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析 2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细 解析 Section I Use of English : Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional
2021年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解:TEXT2 2000 Passage 2 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the
2021考研英语二真题和答案 2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of English 1. C for 2. A faith 3. D price 4. B Then 5 . D When 6. B produce s 7 . C connect 8. D to 9. B mood 10 . A counterparts 1 1. B Lucky 1 2. B protect 1 3. A between 1 4. C introduced 1 5 D inside 1 6. A discovered 1 7 . C fooled 1 8. B willing 1 9. A In contrast 20 . C unreliable Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21. Who will be most threatened by automation D Middle-class workers 22. Which of the following best represent the author’s view C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on______. A creative potential
25. In this text, the author presents a problem with______ B possible solutions to it Text 2 26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on_____ D social media as a reliable source of news 27. The phrase “bee f up 〞 (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_____ A sharpen 28. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people_____ B verify news by referring to diverse sources. 29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is C readers ’ misinterpretation 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online Text 3 31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind B It failed to pay due attention to patients ’ rights. 32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with_____ C necessary adjustments. 33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that_____ D the value of data comes from the processing of it. 34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is_____ D the monopoly of big data by tech giants. 35. The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is B cautious Text 4 36. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by____ _ B its rigid management 37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____ ？ A the interference from interest groups 38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by ？ A removing its burden of retiree health care
2022年考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Harlan C oben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; an d that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer.For him, writing is a 1 job, a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that a plu mber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t wo rk with pipes today. 3 , like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not 4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. 5 that most best selling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to 7 their writing income. As Harlan Coben has suggested it’s a8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be less socializ ing with your with your family. It’s a15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular. There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for16 your writing and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as mach and as widely as they can. It’s the one 17 supporter-s omething you can’t do without. Time is finite, the older you yet, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you are a writer, that means 20 writing. 1.[A] difficult 2.[A] combined 3.[A] If 4.[A] enough 5.[A] Accept 6.[A] well-known 7.[A] donate 8.[A] cause 9.[A] highlight 10.[A] relations 11.[A] until 12.[A] put up with 13.[A] intelligent [B] normal [B] compared [B] Through [B] strange [B] Explain [B] well-advised [B] generate [B] purpose [B] sacrifice [B] interests [B] because [B] make up for [B] occasional [C] steady [C] confused [C] Once [C] wrong [C] Remember [C] well-informed [C] supplement [C] question [C] continue [C] memories [C] while [C] hang on to [C] intensive [D] pleasant [D] confronted [D] Unless [D] easy [D] Suppose [D] well-chosen [D] calculate [D] condition [D] explore [D] skills [D] before [D] cut down on [D] emotional
2021年考研英语二真题
绝密★启用前 2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语〔二〕 〔科目代码204〕 考生考前须知 1.答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位置〞框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填〔书〕写局部必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写局部必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。 考生姓名： 考生编号：
might feel rather different〞—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free,