学硕考英一，专硕考英二。确定自己的专业后可以在院校官网查询考试目录，就知道自己考英一还是英二。
英语一比英语二难，具体的区别在新题型、翻译和作文：
1、新题型
英语一：3种备选题型。
⑴文章其中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字。根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
⑵各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7-8个)重新排序，其中有2-3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
⑶长度约500词的文章前或后有6-7段文字或6-7个概括句或小标题。根据文章内容，从这6-7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
英语二：2种备选题型。
⑴多项对应。
分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。
⑵小标题对应。文章前有7个概括句或小标题。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
2、翻译
英语一：阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语。
英语二：阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
3、写作
小作文都是一样的，区别在大作文。
英语一：根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文。提示信息的形式一般是图片
英语二：根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图表
请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线【博联教育解析】 请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线是多少，博联教育的老师经常遇到博联教育学员咨询这样的问题，很多同学在备考的过程中比较关心请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线，现在考研不是很透明，有时候为了照顾本校考生等原因并不会把请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线等信息公开化，这就给很多跨校考生带来了不便。博联教育为大家列出近两年的请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线，以供考生了解请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线。博联教育为大家提供的2014年请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线,供想了解请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线的同学们参考，请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线如下： 博联教育为大家提供的2013年请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线是多少,希望能为努力找寻请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线是多少的学子们，提供一些参考，请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线如下： 公安大学学校设有公安学、公安技术等两个一级学科国家重点学科，诉讼法学、公安学、公安技术、公共安全工程与技术交叉学科等4个北京市重点学科。有法学一级学科博士后科研流动站，法学、公安学、公安技术等3个一级学科博士学位授权点，法学、公安学、心理学、安全科学与工程、公安技术等5个一级学科硕士学位授权点，法律、警务、安全工程和公共管理等4个硕士专业学位授权点。更多考研问题可以咨询本科设有13个专业，18个专业方向，专业和专业方向覆盖了公安法制、治安、刑事犯罪侦查、国内安全保卫、经济犯罪侦查、禁毒、公安情报、犯罪预防与矫正、公安管理、警务保障、涉外警务、警务指挥与战术、刑事科学技
术、安全防范、交通管理、网络安全管理等公安主要业务工作。学校的所有学科专业建设紧贴公安实践需求，形成了公安学科专业齐全、主干学科特色鲜明、多种学科协调发展的学科专业体系。 公大是公安部直属学校，所以?中国人民公安大学考研还是有一定难度的，我们要做的是，天道酬勤，努力才有收获！只要学习方法得当，坚持努力，最后的胜利一定会属于你。看完请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线，考生们应该对请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线有所了解了，公大对于分数有一定的要求，对于身高和体质各方面也有一定的要求，尤其是女生考公大，还有录取比例的限制。所以提早准备胜算比较大一些，关于更多请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线的问题，或者是请问公安大学考研英语录取分数线之外的更多信息，登陆博联教育的官网查看，或者是关注博联教育微博，更多考研信息尽在博联教育。
2019年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points） Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However 【答案】[C] However 【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显著的的体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。前文wonderful way（好方法）与后文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入however（然而）。另外，however也是考研完形填空中的高频词。其他选项：therefore（因此），otherwise （否则）和besides（此外）此处不符合语境，故正确答案为[C] However。 2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces 【答案】[D] helps
2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(2) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(2)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(2) He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(2006，英语一) Issue 的词意较多，常见意思为“发布，发行”，issue 在本句中，译为发布，和一张娱乐卡和赌场这个场所搭配使用，不符合语境和措辞。本句中，issue熟词生义为“发给，供给”，本句句意为“威廉姆作为一名经常光顾的消费者，赌场发给威廉姆一张娱乐卡，此卡可以让威廉姆在赌场积攒积分，换取食物和饮料，同时，赌场也可以用娱乐卡追踪用户的赌博活动。 [F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail wholesale demand from the food service sector
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 英语（二）试题-1-（共14 页）
Mba英语二写作历年真题及解析 2016年 Section IV Writing Part A 47。Directions： Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend，Jack，wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。Write him a reply to 1）thank him，and 2）give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。Use Li Ming instead。 Do not write the address。（10 points） Part B 48。Directions： Write an essay based on the chart below。In your writing，you should 1）interpret the chart，and 2）give your comments。 You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。（15 points）
Section IV Writing 47、 [参考范文] Dear Jack， Your letter of congratulations was received。Thank you for your nice words on my winning the c ontest。In the letter， you asked me about the skills to do translation，so the following are my a dvice for you。 Firstly， you should analyze the sentence structure， thus catching the meaning of the sentence。 Secondly， find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target l anguage。 Thirdly，revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistransl ations or missed meanings。 I hope my advice helpful。 Wish to see you soon。 Yours sincerely， Li Ming 第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest. 第二段：写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，比如多加练习、多与外国人交流，多多接触国际事务等。本篇老师主要从这些方面进行论述，表达如下As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals i n this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience. 第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study. 落款：Yours sincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名：Li Ming特别注意Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。 48、 [参考范文] Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling。 The numb er of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%，while stu dents who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %。 There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart。To begin with， as the pr esent society is filled with fierce competition， most college students nowadays are under great pr essure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation。Therefore， they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress。 Secondly，with the fast advancement of t he living standards of Chinese families， traveling is increasingly affordable to most college stude nts。 For this reason， students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to m ake some friends。 From my perspective， no matter what reason it is for， traveling is of great benefit for students 今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。 第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。 第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%，另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。 最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。
2018考研英语一、二新题型及完型深度 解析 各位参加2015年考研考试的亲爱学子大家好，这次考试英语顺利的落下了帷幕，大家特别关心今年新题型和完形填空，我用一点时间讲讲新题型和完形填空的情况。 {C}一、{C}新题型考察简单 {C}1、{C}英语一：段落句子填空题 首先完形填空新题型纯粹是波澜不惊，他基本上保持了考研英语命题稳健的基本优点。今年在考试过程中，我们说不管是英语一还是英语二的题型，基本上让广大的考生考出自己的水平。 另外，今年的题型比较简单。比如说在2014年初考试的时候，英语一的新题型考到了培训，而这次新题型考的是常见的段落句子填空题。 这篇文章出题风格和往年不一样，往年往往是五个独立段落，或者是在某一段的最后一段出一道题，比如说42题、43题，都是在我们的段尾出题，但是41、44、45都是段落中间出的题，这一点在降低难度，而不是在提高难度。 这篇文章注意一下来自于马丁所著的一本书《阅读的方法》讲的是高级阅读技巧，这本书的第一单元就是这个。 以下是英语一新题型参考答案： 41题正确答案选的是C。非常简单，只要找到这篇文章只要对一下就全出来了。这里我们说最主要的是这句话，对于这句话我们41题选择的是C，在这里这个词它也可以对应后面的句子。 42题是E。你可以做进一步的推理，关于这个课文的重要。我们之所以选择E，因为E 空前的两句都重复了“推理”这样的字眼。还有E段的最后也提出了读者的推测。所以选择E。 43题是G。这个考点和去年的考点差不多。 44题是B。B选项的意思是因素。 45题是A。A具体描述了许多不同的阅读路径和方式，这是对45空前后的细化。 2、英语二：小标题题 对于英语二的新题型这次考的小标题题，这一点老师们和同学民都预测到了，而今天考的小标题题又是简单的。 这里说一下英语二的新题型。今年考的是要小标题题，这篇文章选自外国网站上的文章。他讲的是能够帮助你渡过困难时刻的一些古老的秘诀，能够帮助你渡过人生比较困难的时刻。 对于这篇文章相对来说比较简单，我们找到了这篇文章在网站上的出处，你会发现我们的命题人越来越中规中矩。我们知道命题人在很大的程度上要和全国160万的考生斗智斗勇，他不能有太多的把柄和错误被广大的考生抓住，所以你会发现今年的这篇文章在报刊上
考研英语一和英语二的5大区别 考研英语一和英语二的难度、区别具体如下： 一、适用专业不同 适用英语一的专业： ⑴所有学术硕士全部适用(十三大门类，110个一级学科) ⑵8类(法律硕士含法学专业与非法学专业)专业硕士适用：临床医学(1051)、口腔医学(1052)、公共卫生(1053)、护理(1054)、法律硕士(非法学专业)(035101)、法律硕士(法学专业)(035102)、汉语国际教育(0453)、建筑学(0851)、城市规划(0853) 适用英语二的专业： 7类专业硕士适用：工商管理(1251)、公共管理(1252)、会计(1253)、旅游管理(1254)、图书情报(1255)、工程管理(1256)、审计(0257) 选用英语一或英语二的专业 金融(0251)、应用统计(0252)、税务(0253)、国际商务(0254)、保险(0255)、资产评估(0256)、社会工作(0352)、警务(0353)、教育(0451)、新闻与传播(0552)、出版(0553)、艺术(1351)、工程(0852)、农业推广(0951)、兽医(0952)、风景园林(0953)、林业(0954)、军事(1151)、体育(0452)、应用心理(0454)、文物与博物馆(0651)、药学(1055)、中药学(1056) 二、考察目标不同 1.语法知识 英语一
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。 英语二 考生应能熟练的运用基本的语法知识，其中包括： ⑴名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法; ⑵动词时态、语态的构成及其用法; ⑶形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法; ⑷常用连接词的词义及其用法; ⑸非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法; ⑹虚拟语气的构成及其用法; ⑺各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的构成及其用法; ⑻倒装句、插入语的构成及其用法 区别分析： (1)英语一要求考生熟练运用基本的语法知识，没有列出具体的要求，表明学习语法不是目的，灵活的运用才是考查目标。英语一中长难句无处不在，语法的作用就是帮助考生见句拆句，攻克了长难句，英语一才会较快的有质的提高。 (2)英语二列出了八个基本的语法知识点，明确了考试范围和考查方向。范围规定好了，大家复习起来就有数，也相对容易些，建议考生把这些知识点加以梳理，并达到熟练掌握和灵活运用。 (3)英语一应重点放在长难句上，英语二应放在语法知识点的梳理上。 2.词汇 英语一： 考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
考研英语历年分数线介绍和走向 考研是一场战争，但拼的不仅仅是时间;答题是一种战略，但绝不是题海战术。当你决定考研的时候，首先应该有一种整体的布局，全程的规划。简单点说，就是：1、考什么，各科需要达到什么样的程度;2、你现在处于什么水平，你达到要求的程度需要如何努力;3、需要如何分配自己的时间精力，进而形成自己的复习计划。 考研的终极目的是“真题-答题-拿分”三位一体、行云流水的一个过程。这样的话就会出现一个重要的问题，就是你英语单科要考多少分才够呢?我希望正好就是75分，不多不少。75算不上多好，但从可行性角度考虑，75是大家可以触及的高度，而80+则要有天时地利人和的相加。写这篇文章的目的在于使大家了解，你也可以英语一考出75+-5的结果，也就是70-80的区间。如果想要超越80，这已经难度很大了，而且花费时间太多，考出这个单科成绩的性价比太低了。为这几分劳碌不如花同样的时间在专业课，也许能多考十几二十分。因此，我们英语的目标是75。75分刚好也是研究生英语课免修免考的门槛，达到75分的人研究生英语课不用修，自动有学分，成绩默认为80分。而80分已经超过转博的要求，这就意味着考一次而过两次，再也不用面对博士入学考试了。所以，考到75分就是你幸福的开始。 今年英语考试试题感觉还是比较简单的，我本人在做题的时候写的也蛮有感觉，全部写完了还有一段时间，这是我没有想到的。平时做真题的一定要注意时间，练习在规定时间内完成，四篇阅读一般控制在70分钟左右。个人感觉考研的阅读除了文章句子很长很难懂以外，最难的就是要弄清楚出题人的做题思路。很多时候文章明明看懂了，可是就是做不对，这个是最让人郁闷的事情。关键问题就是你做题的思路和出题的思路不一样。这是研究真题的重点! 做阅读的方法有很多，有的先看题然后看完文章再做题;有的人看一道题目就去文中找答案，然后再做下一题。具体用哪种方法要自己在阅读的过程中积累经验灵活运用。平时第一种方法用的比较多，这样的方法方便理解全文，对于那种作者意图或者文章主旨的题很适用。但是对于文章特别难懂或者很简单的，用第二种方法很方便，就是文章看不懂也能拿到分数。 新题型是最简单同时也是最难的题，它的技巧性很强。选标题和选段落相对来说还算比较简单，排序就是很难了，一个顺序弄错了就会让后面的全错了。个人认为新题型考试的时候至少要做到6分以上，要以10分为目标。平时注意新题型的练习，在距离考试两个月的时候就可以适当提高新题型的练习量，每天两道吧。 今年感觉好的同学多一点，因为卷子难度低一点。大家知道国家线跟平均分不一样，国家线的变动，我想在现在这个情况下由于录取的机率大一点，可能分数线依然不会动。这是我个人的想法。平均分可能会涨2分左右，但是国家线依然和去年保持差不多，就是在55分左右，经济管理类在64分左右。如果学生参加的是自主定线的学校，有可能英语线应该在60分。这是我个人的预测和意见，仅供参考。 考研是一件很辛苦的事情，一路走下来都不容易。这里的辛苦不只是身体上的，更多的是心理上的。特别是越到最后心理压力就会越大。平时可以给好友或者家人打打电话吐槽一下，缓解一下自己的压力。然后千万不要想自己考不上怎么办。就告诉自己一句话“不管怎么样，我一定能考上!!!”。当然，考研中也有运气的成分，但是这不是我们能控制的，所以不要多想这些我们不能左右的东西。学习是一件耐得住寂寞的事情，天道酬勤!!!只要努力了，结果并不会有你预想的那么差。 现在复试是大头。“And then a hero comes along, With the strength to carry on,
2017年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（完 整版） 感谢：凯程洛老师提供真题。 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案 SectionI Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the 8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a
2010 Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft. The 787 and 350 respectively . Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference . But a group of researchers at Stanford University , led by Ilan Kroo , has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr Kroo , lies with birds . Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird ’w sings curls upwards behind the wingtips . a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves . Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%. When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different . Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and I as Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions , and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter. There are , of course , knots to be worked out . One consideration is safety , or at least the perception of it . Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles , and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows , A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines. It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes ’wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight. As it happens, America ’asrmed forces are on the on case already. Earlier this year the country ’D sefence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin . There are reports that some