2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项 designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2．【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家 会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting， meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3．【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia， 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C 项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指 的是cases，可数名词）；D 项sums“金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如： large numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。 4．【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But 和in
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic __1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert __2__ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising __3__ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the __12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials __14__ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October, 2009, though most of those __17__ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not __18__ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people. 1. [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated 2. [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted 3. [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums 4. [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme 5. [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by 6. [A] progress [B]absence [C] presence [D] favor 7. [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice 8. [A] over [B] for [C] among [D] to 9. [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 英语（二）试题-1-（共14 页）
英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
考研英语一和英语二的5大区别 考研英语一和英语二的难度、区别具体如下： 一、适用专业不同 适用英语一的专业： ⑴所有学术硕士全部适用(十三大门类，110个一级学科) ⑵8类(法律硕士含法学专业与非法学专业)专业硕士适用：临床医学(1051)、口腔医学(1052)、公共卫生(1053)、护理(1054)、法律硕士(非法学专业)(035101)、法律硕士(法学专业)(035102)、汉语国际教育(0453)、建筑学(0851)、城市规划(0853) 适用英语二的专业： 7类专业硕士适用：工商管理(1251)、公共管理(1252)、会计(1253)、旅游管理(1254)、图书情报(1255)、工程管理(1256)、审计(0257) 选用英语一或英语二的专业 金融(0251)、应用统计(0252)、税务(0253)、国际商务(0254)、保险(0255)、资产评估(0256)、社会工作(0352)、警务(0353)、教育(0451)、新闻与传播(0552)、出版(0553)、艺术(1351)、工程(0852)、农业推广(0951)、兽医(0952)、风景园林(0953)、林业(0954)、军事(1151)、体育(0452)、应用心理(0454)、文物与博物馆(0651)、药学(1055)、中药学(1056) 二、考察目标不同 1.语法知识 英语一
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。 英语二 考生应能熟练的运用基本的语法知识，其中包括： ⑴名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法; ⑵动词时态、语态的构成及其用法; ⑶形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法; ⑷常用连接词的词义及其用法; ⑸非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法; ⑹虚拟语气的构成及其用法; ⑺各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的构成及其用法; ⑻倒装句、插入语的构成及其用法 区别分析： (1)英语一要求考生熟练运用基本的语法知识，没有列出具体的要求，表明学习语法不是目的，灵活的运用才是考查目标。英语一中长难句无处不在，语法的作用就是帮助考生见句拆句，攻克了长难句，英语一才会较快的有质的提高。 (2)英语二列出了八个基本的语法知识点，明确了考试范围和考查方向。范围规定好了，大家复习起来就有数，也相对容易些，建议考生把这些知识点加以梳理，并达到熟练掌握和灵活运用。 (3)英语一应重点放在长难句上，英语二应放在语法知识点的梳理上。 2.词汇 英语一： 考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
考研英语二翻译两大要点 说起考研英语二翻译，很多童鞋就一脸不屑：“不就是15分吗？我随便答一下就7、8分了，不用学！” 可是大家仔细想想，考研战场上可是分分必争啊。少了这几分，你会被多少人赶超过去。所以大家还是赶紧和太阳城考研1号小编看看考研英语二翻译的两大要点吧~ 一、段落衔接 考研英语二翻译要求大家把一篇英文翻译为中文。所以整个语篇的完整性、语义和段落之间的衔接是考查的重点。 翻译时，不仅要对每个句子进行理解和表达，而且要注意到整个语篇的完整含义和结构。因此大家提笔翻译之前一定要通读全文，理解了文章大意之后再去翻译，这样就基本不会出现前言不搭后语，上下文不连贯的情况。 二、语言表达 考研英语二翻译的句型和词汇都比较简单，它更考察大家的汉语水平。翻译时要在表达出句子基本意思的同时，注意汉语的表达。 考研英语二翻译评分细则中就提到了文字优美，所以大家必须要注重汉语表达。那怎么实现文字优美，提高自己的汉语表达？ 实际上，大家可以在翻译时多使用四个字的词语或成语。 如：2010年翻译中有一句“I had no money”。很多童鞋看到这个句子就高兴了，觉得这也太简单了，不就是我没有钱吗。可是在你沾沾自喜的时候，别人已经把这个句子美化为“我身无分文”，或
“我生活拮据”，这样一下就比你多了两三分。是不是细思极恐？ 当然，学会这两点还不足以搞定考研英语二翻译，大家还要扎扎实实的复习，要重视每一句每一个词翻译的准确性。这一点对基础薄弱的童鞋尤为重要。 《考研圣经》在你手，基础薄弱不用愁！逐词逐句解真题，英语逆袭真神器！ 考研英语二复习书推荐，大部分人都在用的： 一、词汇： 1.《非常词汇》 适合人群：英语一和英语二通用 推荐理由:??800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词，让你不再由A背到Z，背单词不再那么枯燥，记忆量大大变小了。赠送5大赠本，其中一个《必考词+基础词+超纲词》超赞！， 2.闪过英语考研《必考词汇应用全书》 适合人群：备考时间不充足的人 推荐理由：为什么适合备考时间不足的人，因为它的“薄、准、
2010考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years. The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0 1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people. Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1
考研党们仔细看：考研英语一和英语二的区别问题一：考研英语二和英语一难度差别大吗？ 回答：考研英语一难度比考研英语二要高，不仅仅是考察的方向不同，文章的难度也有很大的差异。英语一阅读文章更加抽象，需要深层的理解能力，考题也多是概括推理的细节题；英语二文章较为浅显，更好理解，考题多考同义替换。另外就是翻译题和写作题的差别，这个大家都懂，不详细说了。 问题二：考研英语一和考研英语二复习资料一样吗？ 回答：目前市面上有英语一英语二通用的真题，虽然说题型差别不大，但是建议还是不要选择这种通用的，毕竟考点有差异，需要针对性的复习。英语一资料相对英语二多样化一点，英语二资料较少，精品也比较少。我了解的比较好的资料就是《考研圣经》，解析很细，适合英语基础不好的同学。 问题三：英语一和英语二词汇表一样吗？ 回答：词汇表虽然是一样的，考察的词汇考点很不一样，英语一喜欢考一下特殊用法和词类活用，也有同义替换，近义词辨析，比较多样化，难度也比较高；英语二考察最多的就是各种“同义替换”，难度稍微低一些。针对性的进行掌握词汇就好。 问题四：考研英语一和英语二翻译难度哪个大？ 回答：虽然只看形式，英语二是一段文章，英语一是五个长难句，好像英语一更简单。但是实际上，英语二的句式都比较简单，英语一的长难句构造复杂，更难理解。不过二者都要注意，一定要训练自己的英语汉语转换思维，这是高分的关键。 问题五：考研英语一和英语二写作有哪些差异? 回答：除了分值的不同（英语一大作文20分，英语二大作文15分），材料也不同。英语一考察的是图画作文，英语二考察的是图表作文，图画作文还要注重理解深层含义，结合社会热点谈自己的看法和观点，文章要更有深度；图表作文则是需要整合表中的信息，简单的作出汇总和分析即可，难度较低。
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完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make?it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away?from)机器。”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointt hatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandthei nformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacingla borwithmachinesorforeignworkers.最近出现了很多(anumberof)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(makeapoint)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly?high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(haveaccessto)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(standout),不管他们身处什么工作领域(fieldofemployment)。
考研党们仔细看：考研英语一和英语二的区别 问题一：考研英语二和英语一难度差别大吗？ 回答：考研英语一难度比考研英语二要高，不仅仅是考察的方向不同，文章的难度也有很大的差异。英语一阅读文章更加抽象，需要深层的理解能力，考题也多是概括推理的细节题；英语二文章较为浅显，更好理解，考题多考同义替换。另外就是翻译题和写作题的差别，这个大家都懂，不详细说了。 问题二：考研英语一和考研英语二复习资料一样吗？ 回答：目前市面上有英语一英语二通用的真题，虽然说题型差别不大，但是建议还是不要选择这种通用的，毕竟考点有差异，需要针对性的复习。英语一资料相对英语二多样化一点，英语二资料较少，精品也比较少。我了解的比较好的资料就是《考研圣经》，解析很细，适合英语基础不好的同学。 问题三：英语一和英语二词汇表一样吗？ 回答：词汇表虽然是一样的，考察的词汇考点很不一样，英语一喜欢考一下特殊用法和词类活用，也有同义替换，近义词辨析，比较多样化，难度也比较高；英语二考察最多的就是各种“同义替换”，难度稍微低一些。针对性的进行掌握词汇就好。 问题四：考研英语一和英语二翻译难度哪个大？ 回答：虽然只看形式，英语二是一段文章，英语一是五个长难句，好像英语一更简单。但是实际上，英语二的句式都比较简单，英语一的长难句构造复杂，更难理解。不过二者都要注意，一定要训练自己的英语汉语转换思维，这是高分的关键。 问题五：考研英语一和英语二写作有哪些差异? 回答：除了分值的不同（英语一大作文20分，英语二大作文15分），材料也不同。英语一考察的是图画作文，英语二考察的是图表作文，图画作文还要注重理解深层含义，结合社会热点谈自己的看法和观点，文章要更有深度；图表作文则是需要整合表中的信息，简单的作出汇总和分析即可，难度较低。 问题六：所有的学硕都是英语一？专硕都是英语二吗？ 回答：大部分是这样的，但是主要还是要看自己报考学校的专业目录和科目，以这个为准。最好是先了解好了再去买资料。
考研英语二翻译题复习误区 复习过程中，面对翻译题型，存在两种趋势：一种就是盲目的练习，还有一种就是在考试中放弃。考研英语二翻译复习中存在以下几个误区，下面是我个人的一些见解，希望大家可以用到。 考研英语二翻译误区一：复习可不可以放在最后？ 根据近几年的考研英语出题趋势来看，考研英语对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考查的比重在不断加大，尤其是在英译汉部分，考试主要的考查方向更侧重于考察大家综合运用语言的能力。 大家明白了考研英语翻译的考试趋势，复习的话就要有针对性。所以说考试复习建议大家最好不要放在最后进行，最后一个月时间还要复习备考英语作文。 考研英语二翻译误区二：英汉翻译不注重意译 汉语和英语在语义表达的习惯上有很大的差别，而且英语单词的意思较多，往往一个单词有很多种意思，很多人在翻译时不会根据句子的意思来翻译，造成翻译译文比较的生硬。 建议大家在翻译过程中，注意汉语翻译要根据原文语境去翻译，且避免拖沓，做到通达、准确。对于译文的组合，一定要注意结构。例如强调结构在汉语中，翻译时的独特变化。 考研英语二翻译误区三：翻译复习多练习模拟题 这简直就是谬论，虽然说翻译不能光看不练，但是一定要注意不能用模拟题进行练习，模拟题出题人的水平参差不齐，所选择的题材和体裁都不一定适合考研翻译，与真题的由较大差异。 真题题目是真正的英语专家经过仔细的筛选，按照考研英语的大纲一一核对，并经过审题人的层层审查，最终形成了考试试卷。建议大家用真题进行练习。 我当时用的是北大博士吕升运主编的《考研圣经》，书中的真题资料翻译译文给的是“雕梁画栋”模式，从句子的词砖、句架等多个方面形象生动的解析翻译过程，即使说是基础不好的人，也能很容易学会这种翻译方式。大家可以学习这种翻译手法，多练习一些真题翻译，什么模拟题就还是不要练了吧！ 相信只要经过一段时间的练习，只要大家付出努力，克服这些误区。考研
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied