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医学博士英语写作总结

医学博士英语写作总结
医学博士英语写作总结

医学博士英语写作总结

一、原则与要求:不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!!2-5个长句!不写或少写短句!!一般真题范例在10-15句左右。

二、现场写作技巧

①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。②翻译标题,有标题就译,没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。

精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇

1.下降、减少reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall;上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase;

2.禽流感H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全food safety;

3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies;应急反应immediate response to;

4.关注民生concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’slivelihood/well-being;

5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system

6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care,服务体系service system;

7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene;个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene

8.lite清淡的;protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食;

9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施

10.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病,

11.虫媒insect pollination;虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borne infectious disease:

12.肾病综合征:nephrotic/renal syndrome;

13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热;

14.爆发流行:break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion

15.传染:infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable,contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;

communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

communicativea. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的

16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flutransmits by air/wind;person to person transmission

17.传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation

18.污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate

19.福祉well-being, happiness;

20.衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile

21.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的

22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压hypertension

23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon;亚健康sub-health

24.过劳死karoshi; death from overwork

25.长期以来for a long time ; over the years

26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in goodhealth

27.分类be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according totheir origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/beroughly classified into three kinds.

28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations;

基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basicrule or principle;

29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

30.民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people;合作者co-worker; collaborator;copartner; coagent;

31.死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise. The death tollcontinues to rise.

There have been more deaths from drowning.

How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少?

32.归结为boil down to;come downto;

归因为/归功于be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to;

归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。

33.大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive;大规模流行large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak

34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial,seemingly;

因果关系cause-and-effect relationship,causal relationship/relations;

孤立现象an isolated phenomenon;

复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate;

极端复杂性extreme/ exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。

35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances;

养老保险endowment insurance;

退休养老金retirement pension;

Health Care Reform医疗改革

36.激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity;

37.月经期menstrual period

38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace

39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care

40.安乐死euthanasia;

41.得绝症的terminally ill;

42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care

濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient

43.Secondhand Smoking ,also called “involuntarysmoking” or “passive smoking”.

摘要作文写作模板

对某个生活或卫生习惯的告戒或提示类的文章

一、正面陈述问题

一、第一段的第一句,也就是全文的主题句(topic sentence of the whole summary):

用中文总结出来一句:本文揭示了/说明了一个问题。。。:

This article reveals that_____________ has become one of the prominent issues which are closelyrelated with people’s health/ of the modern Chinese society/inthe area of antibiotics alone.如早餐问题已经成为了与人们健康息息相关的突出问题;或也可以说成了社会问题;也可以说成了某个领域的问题(抗生素领域)。

Most people take it forgranted that ____ should _____. However, it is not always the case.

很多人都想当然地认为什么应该怎么样。然而事实并非如此。(这几个句子要看情况,并不是都有用的,如果文章中出现了这样的句子“很多人都想当然觉得早餐不是那么重要-Most peopletake it for granted that breakfast is not significant”,但是实际上不是这样的,那么就

可以用到这个句子)Scientists found that these problems are actuallycaused by _irrational diets and eating habits__. (科学家们发现这些问题是由什么引起的,如老年人的心脏血管等问题,然而实际上是因为不当饮食习惯造成的)This is indicated in a survey recently made in shanghaiby who.(该观点由谁在上海做的一个调查报告中可以得出),也就是如果你这篇文章是由卫生部的报告(report)中得出的,或指出的,那么就可以这么写。如果并是的,那么这个句子可以不写。

二、第二段

Firstly, balanced /regular…. is especially good for the health of …首先,平衡什么的饮食尤其对什么好。

In addition, … should besuggested to… , largely because it helps people to …

此外,什么应该多选用于干什么,主要是因为它帮助人们什么。

Furthermore, it ishelpful to reduce the possibilities of being in the danger of suffering from cardiovasculardiseases.

再者,它能帮助减少患心血管疾病的危险的几率。

Finally, but not theleast point is that fat and oily food usually attribute to cardiovasculardiseases. Therefore, it is better to take in light food instead of fatand oily food.

最后,但并非最后一点就是油腻的食物常导致心血管疾病,所以应该选用油份较少的食物而

不是过分油腻的食物。

It commonly leads to cardiovasculardiseases.

It usually attributes to cardiovasculardiseases.

常常导致心血管疾病.

三、第三段

In general, a balanced diet,more vegetable food instead of fat food is of the firstsignificance to the health of the aged and a long life.

总而言之,一个平衡的饮食,多吃蔬菜而少吃油腻的食物是对老人来说是保持健康长寿的最重要的因素。

In general, a regular habit of work and rest, more high-quality of sleepinginstead of staying up late is of the first significance to the health of peopleand a long life.

总而言之,一个规律的作息,高质量的睡眠而少熬夜是对人们来说是保持健康长寿的最重要的因素。

指出现在已经存在的问题,并且指出了解决办法的文章

二、负面陈述问题

一、第一段的第一句,也就是全文的主题句(topic sentence of the whole summary):

用中文总结出来一句:本文揭示了/说明了一个问题。。。:

This article reveals that_____________ has become one of the prominent problems which arethreatening people’s health/ ofthe modern Chinese society/in the area of antibiotics alone.如吸烟问题已经成了威胁人类健康的一个突出问题, 又如早餐问题等等;同样的,如果是现有的医疗制度之类的问题,那就可以统称说成为了(现代)(中国)社会的突出问题;或可以说成了某个领域的问题。

Most people take it forgranted that ____ should _____. However, it is not always the case.

很多人都想当然地认为什么应该怎么样。然而事实并非如此。(这几个句子要看情况,并不是都有用的,如果文章中出现了这样的句子“很多人都想当然觉得早餐不是那么重要-Most peopletake it for granted that breakfast is not significant”,但是实际上不是这样的,那么就可以用到这个句子)Scientists found that these problems are actuallycaused by _________. This is indicatedin a survey recently made in shanghai by who.(该观点由谁在上海做的一个调查报告中可以得出),也就是如果你这篇文章是由卫生部的报告(report)中得出的,或指出的,那么就可以这么写。如果并是的,那么这个句子可以不写。

二、第二段(一般是由段落主题句+1-2个深入解释的句子就可,有时候句子太长,没必要解释也可以的)

What people do not knowis that ... 。Thesecond blind zone concerned with this issue is that… 。In addition/ Additionally /Furthermore, thethird misunderstanding is …. Finally,the last but not the least point is … (注意这些连接词,这些都可以任意使用的如可以先用了In addition/Additionally 后,再后面那点用Furthermore, 或反之也可)。

三、第三段(对这些问题的解决办法的套语)

It is not easy to identifythe solutions,forit involves several complicated factors. (要找到解决的办法不容易,因为有些复杂的因素--也不一定需要这个句子,如果文章中间没有很难的因素,那么就不需要说了。) Nevertheless, apparently the best way to solvethe problem is to provide…(然而,很显然最好的解决办法就是。。。)如果是有很多的解决办法那么就Nevertheless,apparently the best way to solve the problem mainly lies on the following threeaspects. 再用前面讲到的连接词,把文章中讲到的解决办法写上。

客观反映某个问题的文章

三、正负问题

先将文章浏览一下,再列出几点后写下来了:以04年博士作文为例子:

本文为我们展示了中国现代医院的几种模式,值得人们思考和老百姓去掂量。

一般而言可以分为以下三种:洋医院、民营医院和公家医院。而他们各有其有缺点。

洋医院的优点在于,然而尽管它有这么多优点:,有这些不容忽视的缺点:

民营医院尽管有这些缺点:,但是有其优点:

公家医院是我们常常选择的,因为它有这些优点,但是已经受到了威胁,因为本身存在着这些弊病:。

如何选择好医院对于老百姓来说是个关键的问题。

其实你其他的类似的文章都可以这么写的。那么要注意的就是句型的使用。有些套话可以学习。

一、第一段

本文为我们展示了中国现代医院的几种模式,值得人们思考和老百姓去掂量。

This article reveals thatit has become a hot phenomenon currently that more and more people areconcerned about how to select a proper hospital. 或者也可以说Thisarticle reveals that there are several models/types of Chinese modern hospitalswhich deserve people to distinguish and select properly.

There are mainly three types of modernhospitals in China,foreign hospitals, people-run hospitals and public hospitals, which havetheir own advantages and disadvantages respectively.

二、第二段

Overall speaking, its advantages overwhelmits disadvantages.

总的来说,它的优点比优缺点突出。

The biggest advantage lies on …

最大的优点在于什么方面。

Despite its advantages, it still has itsshortcoming, that is, …

尽管有这些优点,但是仍然有它的缺点,在于什么方面。

Furthermore/in addition/ Additionally, italso has …

除此之外,它还有什么优点。

On the other hand, it …

而另外一方面,它却。。。

Identically, it has the same problem isthat…

同样的是,它也有同样的问题是。。。

Compared with the former one, it has itsunique merits which lie on …

和前者比较起来,它有其独特的优点就是。。。

Nevertheless, it has unavoidable demeritthat …

然而,它却有不可避免的缺陷,就是。。。

三、第三段

可以给出一个总结性的句子,如果有必要,就是说在选择何种医院的时候要三思。

三、第三段

In general, a secondthought before the final decision of types of hospitals is of the firstsignificance to the health and pursuing better services.

有用的句型

1、This articlereveals that _____________ hasbecome one of the prominent issues which are closely related with people’s health.

2、This articlereveals that _____________ hasbecome one of the prominent issues of themodern Chinese society.

3、This articlereveals that _____________ hasbecome one of the prominent issues in the areaof antibiotics alone.

4、This articlereveals that _____________ hasbecome one of the prominent problems which are threatening people’she alth/ of the modern Chinese society/in the area of antibioticsalone.

5、This articlereveals that it has become a hot phenomenon currently that more and more peopleare concerned about how to select a proper hospital.

6、This articlereveals that there are several models/types of Chinese modern hospitals whichdeserve people to distinguish and select properly.

7、There aremainly three types of modern hospitals in China, foreign hospitals,people-run hospitals and public hospitals, which have their own advantagesand disadvantages respectively.

8、Most peopletake it for granted that ____ should _____. However, it is not always the case.

9、Most peopletake it for granted that breakfast is not significant.

10、This isindicated in a survey recently made in shanghai by_______.

11、Scientistsfound that these problems are actually caused by _irrational diets andeating habits__.

12、What people donot know is that ...

13、The secondblind zone concerned with this issue is that…

14、In addition /Additi onally /Furthermore, the third misunderstanding is ….

15、Finally, butnot the least point is …

16、It is not easyto identify the solutions,forit involves several complicated factors.

17、Nevertheless,apparently the best way to solve the problem is to provide…

18、Nevertheless,apparently the best way to solve the problem mainly lies on the following threeaspects.

19、Firstly,balanced /regular …. is especially good for the health of …首先,平衡什么的饮食尤其对什么好。

In addition, … should besuggested to… , largely because it helps people to …

此外,什么应该多选用于干什么,主要是因为它帮助人们什么。

Furthermore, it ishelpful to reduce the possibilities of being in the danger of suffering from cardiovasculardiseases.

再者,它能帮助减少患心血管疾病的危险的几率。

Finally, but not theleast point is that fat and oily food usually attribute to cardiovasculardiseases. Therefore, it is better to take in light food instead of fatand oily food.

最后,但并非最后一点就是油腻的食物常导致心血管疾病,所以应该选用油份较少的食物而不是过分油腻的食物。

It commonly leads to cardiovasculardiseases.

It usually attributes to cardiovasculardiseases.

常常导致心血管疾病.

18、In general, a balanced diet, more vegetable foodinstead of fat food is of the first significance to the health of the agedand a long life.

总而言之,一个平衡的饮食,多吃蔬菜而少吃油腻的食物是对老人来说是保持健康长寿的最重要的因素。

In general, a regular habit of work and rest, more high-quality of sleepinginstead of staying up late is of the first significance to the health of peopleand a long life.

总而言之,一个规律的作息,高质量的睡眠而少熬夜是对人们来说是保持健康长寿的最重要的因素。

19、Overall speaking, its advantages overwhelm itsdisadvantages.

总的来说,它的优点比优缺点突出。

The biggest advantage lies on …

最大的优点在于什么方面。

Despite its advantages, it still has itsshortcoming, that is, …

尽管有这些优点,但是仍然有它的缺点,在于什么方面。

Furthermore/in addition/ Additionally, italso has …

除此之外,它还有什么优点。

On the other hand, it …

而另外一方面,它却。。。

Identically, it has the same problem isthat…

同样的是,它也有同样的问题是。。。

Compared with the former one, it has itsunique merits which lie on …

和前者比较起来,它有其独特的优点就是。。。

Nevertheless, it has unavoidable demeritthat …

然而,它却有不可避免的缺陷,就是。。。

听力词汇经典45例(考前结束)

1.表示同意的词组

You can say that again.

You may well say so

You said it.

Well said.

So be it.

I see eye to eye with you.

I don't wonder.

No wonder.

So does it.

As far as I know.

No problem.

Is ice cold?

Does a fish swim?

Does a bird fly?

Behind you.

2.表示不同意的词组

You don't say so.

Says who.

Who says so?

That's not saying very much.

And I do?

3.a far cryfrom 相差甚远

4. and how 的确

5. anythingbut 绝对不

6.accountfor 解释

7.after all 到底

8.allergicto 对…过敏

9.at sb’sservice为某人服务

10. aroundthe clock 昼夜不停

11.as far asI know 就我所知

12.at homewith 对…..很熟悉

13.back out 退出,不履行

14.be cutout for 天生适合做

15.beaddicted to 对……成瘾

16.beattached to 对……有感情

17.back up 积累,支持

18.be burnedup 生气

19. be headand shoulders above 胜过许多

20.be in thedark 蒙在鼓里

21.break newground 有了新的突破

22.betweenyou and me 你我之间,保密

23.call it aday 就此结束

https://www.doczj.com/doc/2214691455.html,e whatmay 不管怎样

25.dirtcheap 非常便宜

26.dowithout 没有……也行

27.fornothing 免费

28.get of onthe wrong foot 开始就错了

29.get awaywith逃脱惩罚

30.get going赶紧行动;=get moving

31. gojogging 去跑步

32.go toone’s head 自负

33.got thetime?几点了

34.graonabout 抱怨

35.have away with 专门能对付,擅长

36. hit thespots 非常好

37. in case 万一

38.in nextto no time 立刻,马上

39.in thered 赤字反义:in the black

40.look onthe bright sides of things 看事物的积极面

41.nokidding不开玩笑,说真的

42. It’s onthe tip of my tongue. 一下想不起来了。

43. That’seaser said than done. 说起来容易做起来难

44.There isnothing to it. 没什么,很容易

45. withflying colors非常成功地,出色地

全国医学考博英语考试新的心得(转)

我参加了全国医学博士英语考试,最后成绩不错,基本达到预期。希望写出来的这些个人浅见,对今后考试的战友们有个参考。

1.首先,考试要找到感觉,最好要做几套题,尤其是考前一个月要做几套题,总结经验教训,分析得失!!

2.如果时间充分,词汇量的提高扩展很重要,因为这与单词和阅读都相关,建议看托福词汇!!

3.考试前模拟考试过程!!一定要分配好时间,考场上常有考生交卷时还没有涂完答题卡!!

4.听力、作文非常重要!!一定下功夫搞好!半壁江山!

大家都知道听力最快的提高法,就是多听,最好的提高法,就是边听边默写。建议听托福真题听力,做完题反复听,我备考时耳朵上一直挂着托福听力MP3,考场上一定要聚精会神听录音内容,有些题目其实很简单!

很多学校是采用,放录音机或在阶梯大教室从大音箱里播放英语听力,其语音清晰度比我们平时多采用的耳机听英语要差很多,所以平时要加强音响、录音机播放英语听力的练习,有些考生平时没有这方面练习者,不适应,因此听力丢分不少,听力为英语考试的第一部分且占30分的高分,如考不好直接影响到继续考下去的信心、情绪、发挥及成绩,有些就产生了放弃的心理。

5.平时考听力多有预读题干及选项的习惯。

6.有多余的时间(考高分最好有这时间),建议听听历年TOEFL考试听力,非常有用,没准儿还出现原题。

7.真题最有用!!分析历年真题题目最可靠!

蒋跃的模拟题和听力也有用,反复做题也是熟悉题型和掌握知识的好方法。

8.考前一定要在规定的时间内写几篇作文:作文,只要复习充分都能考高分,大家复习一定要趁早,开始多抄写一些范文,最重要的一点,字迹一定要清晰。作文就是个框子,往里套就行,平常读文献时如果看到好的abstract,往往写的又好又简练,多多学习!

9.词汇部分占的比例少,千万别专门去背单词,做完往届的题把不会的词记牢,其实考博英语词汇经常重复,另外,词汇还需要拓展,在阅读中会体会到。

10.阅读,除了真题之外我还做过很多其他辅导书的题,觉得用处不大,做真题就可以了,

但如果真的要提高英语阅读,光做题也不够,拓展是非常必要的。向大家推荐《Scientific American》和《Nature》等高级科普、专业杂志。你会发现阅读多了就非常有用,对词汇和听力也有很大帮助。

这就是我的一点经验了,希望对大家有点帮助!

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Comparison of the Flood Myth between China & the West 2010583 行政100班 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC STUDY COURSE Department of Political Science Southwest University of Science and Technology

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