with独立主格结构(即with复合结构)
with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
一、句法结构
【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
例１ He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
例２ He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
例３ With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
例４ She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
例５ She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
例６“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
【结构七】with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
例７ With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
例８ With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。
例９ The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.
这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
三、句法关系
【主表关系】主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。
例１０ Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。
例１１ With night coming on, we started for home.
夜幕降临，我们动身回家。
例１２ The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动、完成”，后者表示“未做、待做”。
例１３ With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.
有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。
四、句法省略
【省略特征】 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + n + 介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“n + 介词+ n”。
例１４ She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。
1. with+宾语+形容词。比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。 2. with+宾语+副词。比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。 What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3. with+宾语+过去分词。比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。 4. with+宾语+现在分词。比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。 5. with+宾语+介词短语。比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。 The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。 6. with+宾语+动词不定式。比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。 7. with+宾语+名词。比如： He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时，女儿还是个小学生。 He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you. (9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us. (10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold. with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别 [ 标签：with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系 满意答案好评率：100%
一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、 the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________（） A．.to uncomplete B．.uncompleted C．uncompleting．D．.uncomplete 7、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（） A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、 ______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、 While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、 With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
with独立主格结构(即with复合结构) with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。 现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。 一、句法结构 【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语 例１ He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand． 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词 例２ He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open． 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词 例３ With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year． 产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。 【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词 例４ She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion． 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。 【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词 例５ She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． 她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。 【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
独立主格篇 独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外，另有with或without短语可做独立主格，其中with可省略而without不可以。*注：独立主格结构一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构： 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时，我看见几汪深池塘，池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.
The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
教学参考：With引导的独立主格结构 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1f3745013.html, 2005/03/14 09:41 英语辅导报 with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年 来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with引导的独立主格结 构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with＋名词(代词)＋介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 【结构二】with＋名词(代词)＋形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with＋名词(代词)＋副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在 游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with＋名词(代词)＋名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在 晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。
with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知，with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃，虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with ＋名词(代词)＋介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 【结构二】with ＋名词(代词)＋形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with ＋名词(代词)＋副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with ＋名词(代词)＋名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。
独立主格结构和with / without复合结构 1.概念: 独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。 2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语 Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking. Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing. (Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle） 2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross) (Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词 1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红) (Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词 He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out (Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式 1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive） （Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________.(手上一本书) 2._______________ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜） (Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。 1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over） 2.____________________________, she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆) 二．With和without复合结构 with和without复合结构是:with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。 （Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 (Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 (Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。 1. She sleeps with the window ____________. 2. I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
With复合结构与独立主格结构 我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。 1、 With +名词+过去分词 § They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了) § The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决) § The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。) § The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapers stuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒) 2、 With +名词+现在分词 § She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂) § I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trains rattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。) § With economy recovering, people’s living standard is improving、(随着经济的复苏,人民的生活水平也在改善) 3、 With+名词+介词短语 § He stood on a big rock with his face towards the rough sea、(她站在一块儿大岩石上,面朝着波涛汹涌的大海) § They stood with their arms round each other、(她们站在那里,相互拥抱着) § His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms、 (她 的妻子走下楼来,怀里抱着她那个一岁的儿子) 4、 With+名词+形容词 § Even in winter he still slept with the window open、(即使在冬天,她仍然开着窗户睡觉) § With chairman of the board seriously ill, we had to cancel the meeting、(由于董事长病的很严重,所以我们只好取消了这次会议) § With the weather unbearably hot, we had to have our air-conditioner working all the time。(由于天气热得令人难以忍受,所以我们只得一直开着空调) 5. With+名词+副词 § With two people away ill, we’ll have to close the office this afternoon、(由于两人有病没来,今天下午我们不得不停止办公) § Her three children lay on the bed with all their clothes on、(她的三个孩子穿着衣服躺床上) § The child was free to do everything with her mother not in、 (母亲没在家,这个孩子可以自由地做一切事情) 6、 With+名词+不定式短语 § With a lot of work to do, I don’t know whether I have time to go to the concert with you、(有这么多的工作要做,我不知道就是否有时间与您一起去听音乐会)
独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题 一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________（） A．.to uncomplete B．.uncompleted C．uncompleting． D．.uncomplete 7、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（） A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 15、______, the conference began. A. The candidates having taken their seats B. The candidates had taken their seats C. Taken their seats D. Taking their seats 16、With her attention ____ to the lonely children, she didn’t notice what was going on around her A. paid B. concentrated C. focused D. fixed 17、With so many people _______at her, she felt nervous. A look B to look C looking D looked 弟1页（共6页）弟2页（共6页）
绝密★启用前 2013-2014学年度???学校9月月考卷 试卷副标题 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷（选择题） 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单项选择（题型注释） 1．_______ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. A. For B. As C. Because D. With 2．To Daniel ’s parents ’ surprise, the living room was clean and tidy, with the window ______and fresh air ______in. A. open; coming B. to open; coming C. open; come D. opened; came 3．I fell asleep while working on this paper _______ the computer on. A. as B. for C. over D. with 4．With so many orphans ________，the charity organization calls for more donations. A. to be looked after B. being looked after C. to look after D. looked after 5．With the sun _______, we felt comfortable walking outside. A. shine B. shining C. to shine D. shone 6．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7．Jack offered us a big meal when he was leaving the office, but our work ____, we refused it. A. not finished B. had not been finished C. not having finished D. wasn’t finished 8．with all the money ,the man can't afford a ticket. A. A stealed B. stolen C. stealing D. be stolen 9． _____ all the seats full, he had no choice but to stand up. A. For B. As C. Though D. With 10．The boys were happily making a snowman, _________ with cold. A. their faces red B. their faces were red C. their faces to be red D. their faces turned red
高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习40题 一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、 the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________（） A．.to uncomplete B．.uncompleted C．uncompleting．D．.uncomplete 7、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（）A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way
高中英语语法通霸3： 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 考点1.独立主格结构的构成 A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语 前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）。 His homework was finished, he went out to play. × 这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为： His homework finished, he went out to play. 这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。 破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。 练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。 1. His wife was ill. He had to stay at home. 2.He arrived at home. His face was red. 3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football with my friends. 4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me. 5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. 6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home. B.独立主格结构的构成 ①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关 系） ②Weather permitting, we are going to visit you ③tomorrow. ④名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关 系） ⑤The test finished, we began our holiday. ⑥名词(代词)+不定式（表将来） ⑦He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. ⑧名词(代词)+副词 ⑨The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. ⑩名词(代词)+形容词 ? A hunter came in, his face red with cold. ?名词(代词) +介词短语 ?He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. ?名词(代词) +名词 ?The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系 看下面两个句子： ①With the traffic light green, the bus got moving. ②（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构） ③②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. ④ (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构) 可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。 The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt. 背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。 在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with 的复合结构不受限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand . A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand. 1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 2. A. settled B. settling 3. C. to settle D. being settled 4.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office. 5. A. buying B. to buy 6. C. bought D. to be bought 7.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine. 8. A. was cut off B. being cut off 9. C. cut off D. having cut off 10.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.