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独立主格结构、with的复合结构

独立主格结构、with的复合结构
独立主格结构、with的复合结构

绝密★启用前 2013-2014学年度???学校9月月考卷 试卷副标题 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息

2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单项选择(题型注释) 1._______ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. A. For B. As C. Because D. With 2.To Daniel ’s parents ’ surprise, the living room was clean and tidy, with the window ______and fresh air ______in. A. open; coming B. to open; coming C. open; come D. opened; came 3.I fell asleep while working on this paper _______ the computer on. A. as B. for C. over D. with 4.With so many orphans ________,the charity organization calls for more donations. A. to be looked after B. being looked after C. to look after D. looked after 5.With the sun _______, we felt comfortable walking outside. A. shine B. shining C. to shine D. shone 6.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7.Jack offered us a big meal when he was leaving the office, but our work ____, we refused it. A. not finished B. had not been finished C. not having finished D. wasn’t finished 8.with all the money ,the man can't afford a ticket. A. A stealed B. stolen C. stealing D. be stolen 9. _____ all the seats full, he had no choice but to stand up. A. For B. As C. Though D. With 10.The boys were happily making a snowman, _________ with cold. A. their faces red B. their faces were red C. their faces to be red D. their faces turned red

time.

A. to help

B. helped

C. helping

D. have helped

12.Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _____ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have

13._______ China winning 51 gold medals, the 2008 Olympic Games came to an end.

A. As

B. For

C. Because of

D. With

14.______ our food running out, we had to walk to a village for help.

A. As

B. Since

C. With

D. Because

16. both his e yes focused on his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.

A. Through

B. Because of

C. For

D. With

17.I received an invitation to dinner from my friend,and with my work ,I gladly accepted it.

A. was finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. finished

18.With everything important _______, my father is now lying on the beach, enjoying the bright sunshine and fresh air.

A. to complete

B. completing

C. completed

D. being completed

19.They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers _______ it.

A. surrounded

B. surrounds

C. surrounding

D. to surround

20.With everything ,she went out of the shop, with her hands full of shopping bags.

A. bought

B. to buy

C. buying

D. buy

21.With the price of pork and eggs _______ quickly, CPI has become a hot phrase among Chinese.

A. raising

B. going up

C. to raise

D. to go up

22.With more and more people__________ the importance of English, English training has become a profit-making industry.

A.have realized B. realizing C. to realize D. having realized

23.________ my teacher helping me, I could easily finish the work today.

A. With

B. Besides

C. Under

D. Because of 24.With my money ______, I went back home.

A. ran out of

B. ran out

C.running out of

D. running out

25.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes the blackboard. A. fixing on B. fixing to C. fixed on D. fixed to

26.The sales _____ steadily, the factory needs an increasing supply of raw

A. have gone up

B. are going up

C. gone up

D. going up 27.With so much work _______his mind , he almost broke down .

A. fill

B. filling

C. filled

D. to fill

28._________the exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Because of 29.Weather _________, we’ll go shopping.

A. permits

B. permitted C .having permitted D. permitting

30.All her time __________experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do

B. is devoted to doing

31.I have two elder brothers, ____ in the army for ten years.

A. the elder of whom served

B. the older having served

C. the older of which served

D. the elder one has served

32._______ only one week left before the final examination, we’re kept busy going over our lessons.

A. For

B. As

C. Since

D. With

33.It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ____ and his eyes _____.

A. closing; open

B. closed; open

C. closing; opening

D. closed; opened

34.Her money _____, the lazy middle-aged woman began to steal others’ mone y at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports.

A. run out

B. running

C. having been run out

D. having run out

35.The Smiths have gone to New York for their holiday, with an old servant ____ their house.

A. looking after

B. look after

C. having looked after

D. looked after

36.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

37.With so many problems ____, the new government is in rather a difficult situation.

A. remaining to be solved

B. remained to be solved.

C. remaining to solve

D. remain to solve

38.With the boy_______ the way, we had no difficulty _______the way to the West Lake. A. to lead; found B. leading; finding C. led; finding D.leading; found

39.Have you heard of it ? Firefighters rushed into a burning house, three of them unfortunately

in and their lives.

A. caught; losing

B. catching; lost

C. caught; lost

D. catching; losing

40.With the price _______ so quickly, I find 1,000 yuan a month can hardly cover the cost of living.

A. to rise

B. risen

C. being risen

D. rising

41.---What are you going to do tomorrow?

---I feel like ____the museum. Would you like ____with me?

A. to visit; to go

B. visiting; to go

C. visiting; going

D. to visit; going

42.With a large amount of equipment________ ,the boss asked the employees to work extra hours.

A .remaining to be repaired B. remained to be repaired

C. remaining to repaire

D. remained to repaire

43.______, his mother has to take care of him at home.

A. Being ill

B. He being ill

C. He is ill

D. His to be ill 44.--_______, we are going to play tennis on Saturday.

--But we have to first finish our task within the time ________.

A. If weather permits; allowing

B. If weather permitted; allowed

45.With trees and grass_____ about 35% of the urban area ,the city of Hefei has taken on a new look. A .covered B .being covered C .to be covered D .covering 46.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 47.With all the audience ________, the speech began. A. sat B. seating C. seated D. having seated 二、完型填空(题型注释) 三、阅读理解(题型注释)

第II卷(非选择题)请点击修改第II卷的文字说明

四、单词拼写(题型注释)

五、短文改错(题型注释)

六、阅读填空(题型注释)

七、信息匹配(题型注释)

八、书面表达(题型注释)

九、其他(题型注释)

参考答案

1.D

【解析】

试题分析:考察with复合结构。With复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的作用相当于一个句子。句意:因为离火车出发只有20分钟,所以在去火车站的出租车上我很不安。ABC 三项都要接完整的句子。故D正确。

考点:考察with复合结构

点评:with的复合结构的作用相当于一个状语从句,基本结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;宾语补足语可以是名词,代词,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。

2.A

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构,第一空是形容词做宾语补足语,第二空是现在分词做宾语补足语,因为fresh air和come是主动关系,句意:使Daniel的父母惊讶的是,起居室干净整洁,窗户开着,新鲜空气都进来了。选A。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with复合结构可在句子中做状语或定语,如果是非谓语动词做宾语补足语,要弄清和宾语的关系,是主动和进行用现在分词,是被动和完成用过去分词,是将要做用不定式。3.D

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构。With复合结构为:With+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语可以是现在分词,过去分词,形容词,名词,副词等多种形式。本题的宾语补足语是副词on,表示电脑开着。句意:当我在写论文的时候,让电脑开着就睡着了。With的宾语是the computer,宾语补足语是副词on。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:With复合结构为:With+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语可以是现在分词,过去分词,形容词,名词,副词等多种形式。

4.C

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。with + 名词/代词 + 不定式结构,表示目的性,作目的状语,“the charity organization ”为主语,与之有主动关系,故选C。

5.B

【解析】考查with复合结构。The sun与shine构成主动关系,所以用doing形式。因为阳光普照,我们感觉在外面散步非常舒服。

6.A

【解析】

试题分析:考查with sth.done 是固定搭配。空格前面table为名词,此时只需要分析table 与放置lay之间主被动关系。桌子应该是被放置,选择laid。句意:客厅又干净又整洁餐桌上已经放好了,准备放做好的的饭菜。选A。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with符合结构在句子做状语或定语,要注意宾语补足语和宾语的逻辑关系,判断是过去分词还是现在分词,或不定式。

7.A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:当杰克离开办公室时要给我们提供一顿大餐,但是我们没有完成工作,所以我们拒绝了。But后这个分句,逗号后是一个句子,逗号前没有连词,故不是一个句子,所以排除BD;这里是独立主格结构,又因为our work与finish之间是被动关系,故选A。考点:考查独立主格结构的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。独立主格结构是高中的难点,近几年考得次数较少,需要考生有分析理解复杂的句子结构的能力,还必须能够理解句意。

即学即练:The party will be held in the garden, weather_______ .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

解析:A。句意:天气允许的话,聚会将在花园举行。

8.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构,本题中with的宾语the money与动词steal构成了被动关系,故使用过去分词的形式。句意:因为所有的钱都被偷掉了,所以这个人买不起车票。故B正确。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;宾语补足语可以是名词,代词,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。

9.D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:由于所有座位都满了,他只得站着。这是with的复合结构做原因状语。根据all the seats full,没有谓语;B、C和D要引导状语从句,必须有谓语。故D正确。

考点:考查with的复合结构。

10.A

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构。本句在逗号前后没有连词,说明逗号前面的不是一个句子,只是一个短语。排除BD项,这两项都是完整的句子。C项中的to be应该省略。句意:男孩们很开心地堆了一个雪人,他们的脸因为寒冷而变红。their faces red with cold=when their faces was red with cold。故A正确。

考点:考查独立主格结构

点评:独立主格结构和分词做状语用法很类似,当分词做状语的时候,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系,就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语,形成独立主格结构,该结构在作用上久相当于一个状语从句。

11.C

【解析】

试题分析:这里friends与help之间是主动关系,故用helping.

考点:考查with的复合结构。

点评:本题难度适中。with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1) with+宾语+介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

He lay in bed with his head covered.

3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)

With winter coming on,it's time to buy warm clothes.

4)with+宾语+to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

5)with+宾语+形容词/副词

With John away,we've got more room.

Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

即学即练: He fell asleep with the light_____ (burn).

解析:burning.句意:他开着灯睡着了。

12.A

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构。分析句式结构可知,这是一个简单句,中间用逗号分隔,所以后半句是对前半句的补充说明,some是逻辑主语。其后应跟非谓语动词形式,由于some 与have之间是逻辑上是主谓关系,所以用现在分词形式,构成独立主格结构。句意:蝙蝠是令人吃慷的长寿动物,有些蝙蝠的生命周期达到大约20年。

考点:考查独立主格结构

13.D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:中国赢了51枚金牌,2008年的奥运会结束了。as 因为;for因为;because of因为;with用,随着。这里是with的复合结构,with+宾语+doing,其他的介词没有这种用法。它是独立主格结构的一种。

考点:考查独立主格结构的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。独立主格结构是高中的难点,近几年考得次数较少,需要考生有分析理解复杂的句子结构的能力,还必须能够理解句意。

即学即练:The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.

A. breaking; running

B. broken; running

C. breaking; run

D. broken; run

解析:B。句意:考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系,blood和run是主动关系。

14.C

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构:ABD都是连词,后面跟着的必须是一个句子,而our food running out 是一个短语,而不是一个句子,所以用with,句意:由于我们的食物用光了,所以我们需要去村庄里寻求帮忙。选C.

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with复合结构中要特别注意如果with后的宾语与宾语补足语构成主动关系使用现在分词,构成被动关系使用过去分词是的用法辨析。

15.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构。当分词的逻辑你主语不是句子的主语时,可以在分词的前面把逻辑主语添上去,形成独立主格结构。如time permitting=If time permits;句意:在他的故事的开头和结尾他讲述了两个故事,每个故事的要点和另外一个故事的要点是相反的。故B正确。

考点:考查独立主格结构

点评:当分词的逻辑你主语不是句子的主语时,可以在分词的前面把逻辑主语添上去,形成独立主格结构。

16.D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:由于他的两眼只盯着他的书,他没有注意到我进来。因为逗号后是一个句子,逗号前的部分没有谓语动词,是with的符合结构,with+名词+done,其他的介词没有这种结构。这里用with的复合结构表示原因,故选D。

考点:考查with的符合结构用法。

点评:本题难度适中。with的复合结构是高中阶段的重难点之一,考生容易把done写成be done ,并且不理解什么时候会用这种结构。如果把这种结构用在写作中这也是提高分数的亮点句。

即学即练:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

A. Through

B. Because of

C. For

D. With

解析:D。句意:他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

17.D

【解析】

试题分析:考查with的复合结构。本题with的宾语my work与动词finish构成被动关系,故使用过去分词的形式。句意:从朋友那里收到了一个去吃饭的邀请,因为我的工作都做完了,所以我很高兴地接受了。故D正确。

考点:考查with的复合结构

点评:with的复合结构在语法上久相当于一个状语从句,ith的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;宾语补足语可以是名词,代词,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。

18.C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:由于一切重要的工作已经做完,我的父亲现在躺在沙滩上享受着明媚的阳光和呼吸着新鲜的空气。这里是with的复合结构,everything与complete之间是被动关系,根据句意可知工作已经做完,所以用过去分词。故选C。

考点:考查with的复合结构的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。with的复合结构是高中阶段的重难点之一,考生容易把done写成be done ,并且不理解什么时候会用这种结构。如果把这种结构用在写作中这也是提高分数的亮点句。

即学即练:With his homework ______, Peter went out to play.

A. to do

B. doing

C. done

D. be done

解析:C。句意:作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。

19.C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:他们生活在一个漂亮的村庄,周围有着许多的树木和花朵。with后接双宾语的情况,当宾语和宾补为主动形式用现在分词的形式,本题中树和花围绕着它,为主动形式,故选C

考点:with+宾+宾补

点评:with结构用途广泛,具体如下:“with+复合宾语”结构的一般构成:

with +宾语+介词短语 with +宾语+现在分词

with +宾语+过去分词 with +宾语+不定式

with +宾语+形容词 with +宾语+副词 with +宾语+名词20.A

【解析】考查with复合结构。With复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语。本题中everything 与buy之间构成被动关系,故使用过去分词表示被动和已经完成。句意:因为所有东西都已经被买好了,她走出了商店,手里都是购物袋。故A正确。

21.B

【解析】考查动词和with复合结构,with+宾语+宾语补足语,the price和go up是主动关系,用现在分词做宾语补足语,因为raise是及物动词,所以应该是过去分词,如果用不定式做宾语补足语,则表示将要被…,句意:随着猪肉鸡蛋的上升CPI已经成为中国人当中热门的话题。选B。

试题分析:

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with符合结构在句子做状语或定语,要注意宾语补足语和宾语的逻辑关系,判断是过去分词还是现在分词,或不定式。

22.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查with的复合结构,with+宾语+宾补,more and more people和realize是主动关系,用现在分词做宾语补足语,句意:随着越来越多的人意识到英语的重要性,英语培训成为利润很高的行业。选B。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:With复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语。当宾语与宾语补足语构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式。如果二者存在被动关系就使用过去分词的形式。

23.A

【解析】

试题分析:考查with的复合结构,with+宾语+现在分词,做状语,句意是:有老师帮我,我能容易的完成工作。选A。

考点:考查with的复合结构

点评:这几个词只有with可以接复合结构,B. Besides除了…以外, C. Under在…下面D. Because of因为

24.D

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构。本题的宾语my money与动词短语run out之间构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式。句意:因为我的钱就要用完了,我只能回家了。故D正确。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:考查with复合结构;with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;宾语补足语可以是名词,代词,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行

补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。

25.C

【解析】

试题分析:fix与其逻辑主语their eyes是被动关系,故用过去分词,构成with +名词/代词+过去分词的独立主格结构。

考点:独立主格结构的考查

点评:非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。

26.D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。本题逗号前后没有连词,说明前半部分不是句子,而是一个短语,the sales与go up构成主动关系,所以使用现在分词和名词构成独立主格结构。The sales going up steadily=Because the sales go up steadily.

27.B

【解析】本题考查with复合结构。在with复合结构中work与fill是逻辑上的主动关系,因此要用现在分词,表示“很多工作占据了我的大脑”。

28.C

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构,with+宾语+不定式做宾补,表示有事情要做,with表示伴随状态,符合题意:有两场考试要担心,我这周末确实得认真了。选C。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:这题是要考生判断填介词,还是连词,这就要考生注意句子的结构,向这题前面并不是完整的句子,不能填连词,在从意思上判断就行。

29.D

【解析】

试题分析:句意,如果天气允许的话,我就去购物。本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知逗号前部分做状语。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选D。

考点:考查独立主格结构。

点评:做该题时,如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

30.C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:她把她的一生都贡献给了实验,没有时间去看电影。这里逗号后是句子,整个句子没有连词,逗号前不是句子,它是独立主格结构,这里是devote all her time to doing把一生贡献给做某事。所以all her time与devote应该是被动关系,故选C。

考点:考查独立主格结构的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。独立主格结构是高中的难点,近几年考得次数较少,需要考生有分析理解复杂的句子结构的能力,还必须能够理解句意。

即学即练:The work _______, we went home.

A. to do

B. doing

C. being done

D. done

解析:D。句意:工作完成后,我们就回家了。

31.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构:句意:我有两个哥哥大哥哥在军队服役10年了。Elder一般用在sister和brother前面,表示哥哥,姐姐,用older是表示比较,指年龄大的那个哥哥,排除AD,C项因which 不能修饰人,不可。这里用having served是现在分词的完成式,与the older(年龄大的那位)形成逻辑上的主谓关系。这里必须是非谓语动词,构成独立主格结构。选B。

考点:考查独立主格结构

点评:当分词做状语的时候,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系,就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语,形成独立主格结构,该结构在作用上久相当于一个状语从句。

32.D

【解析】本题考查with复合结构。。“as”作为连词,意为“因为、由于”,其后必须跟从句;作为介词,意为“作为”,从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和since在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with,意思是“因为、由于”。

33.B

【解析】考查with复合结构。With的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语。Closed与opened 都是形容词在句中做补足语。句意:真是奇怪,这个人嘴巴闭着眼睛睁着睡觉。故B正确。34.D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。由于空格处后面是逗号,说明前面不能是句子,又因为run out of 是一个不及物动词短语,故去掉A与C;run out这个动作发生在谓语动词began to steal之前,故应用现在分词的完成式。

35.A

【解析】考查复合结构。An old servant与look after构成主动关系。所以使用现在分词形式,排除BD,本题没有完成形式。句意:斯密斯一家已经去了纽约度假,留一个年老的仆人照顾房子。

36.A

【解析】考察with复合结构。With 宾语+宾语补足语是with的复合结构。本题的that noise 与go on构成主动关系,使用现在分词,故A正确。

37.A

【解析】考察remain用法。Remain作为留下的时候使用remaining;固定结构:sth remain to be done某事有待于被做;句意:有如此多的事情有待于被做,新的政府出于一个相当困难的情况中。

38.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查with符合结构和固定句式;with复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语;当宾语的名词与宾语补足语的动词构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词;二者构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词;本题的the boy与lead构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式;固定句式:have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难;故B正确。

考点:考查with符合结构和固定句式;

点评:固定句式:have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难;故B正确。

with复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语;当宾语的名词与宾语补足语的动词构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词;二者构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词;

39.A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:你听说过吗?消防战士冲进燃烧的房子,其中的三人不幸被困住了,失去了生命。这里是独立主格结构,three of them与catch是被动关系,故用过去分词;three of them与lose之间是主动关系,故用现在分词,故选A。

考点:考查独立主格结构的用法。

点评:本题难度适中。独立主格结构是高中的难点,近几年考得次数较少,需要考生有分析理解复杂的句子结构的能力,还必须能够理解句意。

即学即练:The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.

A. breaking; running

B. broken; running

C. breaking; run

D. broken; run

解析:B。句意:考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系,blood和run是主动关系。

40.D

【解析】本题考查with复合结构。with +宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式、副词等。此处price是rise 的执行者且以发生所以用doing形式。

41.B

【解析】考查固定结构。Feel like doing sth=would like to do sth想要做某事。42.A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语,remain与equipment之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词形式;equipment是被修理,故应用to be repaired

。综上所述可知答案为A。

43.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构。独立主格结构不是句子,是一个短语,但是作用相当于句子。当分词做状语的时候,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系,就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语,形成独立主格结构,该结构在作用上久相当于一个状语从句。本句在两个部分之间没有连词,说明前面一部分是独立主格结构,He being ill=Because he is ill.句意:因为他病了,他的妈妈不得不在家照顾他。故B正确。

考点:考查独立主格结构

点评:当分词做状语的时候,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系,就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语,形成独立主格结构,该结构在作用上久相当于一个状语从句。

44.C

【解析】

试题分析:考查独立主格结构和with复合结构;当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的时候,要在分词前面把逻辑主语添上去,weather permitting=If weather permits;with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语。当宾语与名词构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式;当二者构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式。句意:—如果天气允许,在周六我们要去打网球。—但是在允许的时间里,我们不得不首先完成我们的任务。

考点:考查独立主格结构和with复合结构;

点评:当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的时候,要在分词前面把逻辑主语添上去,weather permitting=If weather permits;with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语。当宾语

与名词构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式;当二者构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式。

45.B

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构。with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。本题表示的是现在的情况,故使用现在分词的被动式。句意:因为百分之35的城市覆盖着树和草,合肥市已经呈现出新的面貌。故B正确。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with的复合结构为:with+宾语+宾语补足语;宾语补足语可以是名词,代词,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候,使用过去分词的形式;当二者构成主动关系的时候,使用现在分词的形式。要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。

46.A

【解析】考察with的符合结构。With +n doing表主动或者同时发生 with n done表被动或者已经发生 with n to do 表动作发生在将来

该句中根据he gladly accepted it,可知,他的工作已经结束了,所以选择A,表示工作已经做完

47.C

【解析】

试题分析:考查with复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语,可以做原因状语,the audience 和seat是被动关系,句意:所有的观众都坐下来,演讲开始了。选C。

考点:考查with复合结构

点评:with+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语和宾语补足语是被动关系,用过去分词做宾补,宾语和宾语补足语是主动关系,用现在分词做宾补,表示将来的动作,用不定式。

with的复合结构和独立主格结构

1. with+宾语+形容词。比如:. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫,颈部敞开,露出光光的胸膛。Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。 2. with+宾语+副词。比如:She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头,跟在导游之后。 What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在,多没劲儿呀! 3. with+宾语+过去分词。比如:He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。 4. with+宾语+现在分词。比如:With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了,该买些保暖的衣服了。 He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了,(可)灯还亮着。 5. with+宾语+介词短语。比如:He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。 The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了,怀里抱着两岁的孩子。 6. with+宾语+动词不定式。比如: With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做,我就去看了场电影。Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉,有这么多盘子要洗,我不能出去。 7. with+宾语+名词。比如: He died with his daughter yet a school-girl.他去逝时,女儿还是个小学生。 He lived a luxurious life, with his old father a beggar . 他过着奢侈的生活,而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。(8)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you. (9)She stood at the door,with her back towards us. (10)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold. with复合结构与分词做状语有啥区别 [ 标签:with, 复合结构, 分词状语] Ciro Ferrara 2009-10-18 16:17 主要是分词形式与主语的关系 满意答案好评率:100%

高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题(有答案)

一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、 the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________() A..to uncomplete B..uncompleted C.uncompleting.D..uncomplete 7、______,we managed to get out of the forest.() A.The guide led the way B.The guide leading the way C.With the guide to lead the way D.Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、 ______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、 While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、 With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +V erb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构(即with复合结构) with独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知,with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。 现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下。 一、句法结构 【结构一】 with +名词(代词)+介词短语 例1 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。 【结构二】 with +名词(代词)+形容词 例2 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词 例3 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 【结构四】 with +名词(代词)+名词 例4 She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。 【结构五】with +名词(代词)+现在分词 例5 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. 她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。 【结构六】with +名词(代词)+过去分词

独立主格结构练习题及解析

独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ___ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. __ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing thedanger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of __ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they hadbought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silverpennies, all of ___ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them

D. it 5. The cave __ very dark, he lit some candles ___ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand __ a gun and his face ____ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ___ . A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ___ parents seated together joking.

独立主格with用法小全

独立主格篇 独立主格,首先它是一个“格”,而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构,而在这个结构中,没有真正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。除名词/代词+名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及介词短语外,另有with或without短语可做独立主格,其中with可省略而without不可以。*注:独立主格结构一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构: 1. 名词/代词+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 靠近岸时,我看见几汪深池塘,池水碧似蓝天。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

The question having been settled, we wound up the meeting. 也可以The question settled, we wound up the meeting. 但含义稍有差异。前者强调了动作的先后。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. More time given, we should have done the job much better. *当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,不及物动词用现在分词,及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那儿,牙关紧闭,双拳紧握,两眼直视上方。 4. 名词/代词+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.

独立主格结构图表解析

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。

四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常 作原因状语,有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下,我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系,它是分词的动作承受者,这一结构在句中作 时间状语,原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个,我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后,我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱,我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

With 引导的独立主格结构

教学参考:With引导的独立主格结构 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3d15130138.html, 2005/03/14 09:41 英语辅导报 with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年 来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知,with引导的独立主格结 构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with+名词(代词)+介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。 【结构二】with+名词(代词)+形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with+名词(代词)+副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在 游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with+名词(代词)+名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在 晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。

with独立主格结构

with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象,在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点,因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知,with 引导的独立主格结构非常活跃,虽然它在句子中只作状语,但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。 一、句法结构 【结构一】with +名词(代词)+介词短语 【例句】He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。 The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。 【结构二】with +名词(代词)+形容词 【例句】He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open. 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。 The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来,眼里充满了好奇。 He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖,脸都冻红了。 【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词 【例句】With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。 The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。 【结构四】with +名词(代词)+名词 【例句】She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。

(完整版)独立主格结构完整讲解

一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构(Absolute Structure )是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立 结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是,独 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 例句:The storm drawing near ,the navvy decided to call it a day The storm drawi ng n ear 在句中作:原因状语 =Si nee the storm was draw ing n ear , the n avvy decided to call it a day 由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。(call it a day 今天到此为止) 例句:Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder. Win ter comi ng 在句中作:伴随状语 =The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。 造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。 Time permitti ng, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语 =改写:f time permits, I will go with you. ___________ 造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 独立主格作:时间状语 =改写:As the girl stared at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句:The meeti ng gone over, every one tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 造句:工作完成后,他回家了。 The work done, he went back home.

with复合结构和独立主格结构

独立主格结构和with / without复合结构 1.概念: 独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子,有逗号,在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。 2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语(doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语 Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking. Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing. (Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1.________________, they left the meeting– room.(问题解决了)(settle) 2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit) 3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross) (Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词 1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house, ___________________(red)(他的鼻子冻得通红) (Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being) 副词 He put on his socks,_____________.(反的一面在外面)(out (Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式 1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来),our party will start.(arrive) (Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, ____________.(手上一本书) 2._______________ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜) (Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being 或having been,这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being+过去分词”结构中,being不可省。 1.___________________, he went to school.(早餐结束后)(over) 2.____________________________, she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._________________________, we can‘t go there. (房间正在被油漆) 二.With和without复合结构 with和without复合结构是:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。 (Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。(Ⅱ) with/without 名词/代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 (Ⅲ) with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 (Ⅳ)with/without+名词/代词+形容词。 1. She sleeps with the window ____________. 2. I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around

独立主格结构完整讲解(可编辑修改word版)

独立主格结构的用法 一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 例句:The storm drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day. The storm drawing near 在句中作:原因状语 =Since the storm was drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。(call it a day 今天到此为止)例句:Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. Winter coming 在句中作:伴随状语 = The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。 造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。 Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语 =改写:If time permits, I will go with you. 造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 独立主格作:时间状语 =改写:As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say. 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句:The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 造句:工作完成后,他回家了。 The work done, he went back home. = When the work was done, he went back home.

With复合结构与独立主格结构

With复合结构与独立主格结构 我们在阅读或在翻译一些文章的时候经常会碰到“With + 独立主格”结构,这一结构并不就是一个独立的单句,但其句法作用却相当于一个单句,大多数情况下它在句子中充当状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况、附加说明等等。这一结构在句子中即可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。With 后面的独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)就是由名词(也可以就是代词)加现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等构成。下面根据with 后独立主格所涉及到的成分通过例句的形式对这一结构加以说明。 1、 With +名词+过去分词 § They left with most of their work undone、(大部分的工作还没有做她们就离开了) § The year 2000 ended with nothing settled、 (2000年过去了,什么也没有解决) § The prisoner was brought in with his hands tied and feet chained、 (囚犯被带了进来,手被捆着,脚被锁链锁着。) § The shopping bag ladies wear layers of clothes, with newspapers stuffed between the layers as further protection against cold、(流浪女穿着一层层的衣服,层与层之间还塞满了报纸来进一步抵御严寒) 2、 With +名词+现在分词 § She stood on the top of the hill with her hair flowing in the breeze、(她站在小山顶上,长发在微风中飘拂) § I was about to declare myself here in Southampton with trains rattling overhead、(在南安普敦,火车在我上面的铁轨上隆隆作响,我就要表明我自己的身份,开始拉琴卖艺了。) § With economy recovering, people’s living standard is improving、(随着经济的复苏,人民的生活水平也在改善) 3、 With+名词+介词短语 § He stood on a big rock with his face towards the rough sea、(她站在一块儿大岩石上,面朝着波涛汹涌的大海) § They stood with their arms round each other、(她们站在那里,相互拥抱着) § His wife came down the stairs, with her one-year-old son in her arms、 (她 的妻子走下楼来,怀里抱着她那个一岁的儿子) 4、 With+名词+形容词 § Even in winter he still slept with the window open、(即使在冬天,她仍然开着窗户睡觉) § With chairman of the board seriously ill, we had to cancel the meeting、(由于董事长病的很严重,所以我们只好取消了这次会议) § With the weather unbearably hot, we had to have our air-conditioner working all the time。(由于天气热得令人难以忍受,所以我们只得一直开着空调) 5. With+名词+副词 § With two people away ill, we’ll have to close the office this afternoon、(由于两人有病没来,今天下午我们不得不停止办公) § Her three children lay on the bed with all their clothes on、(她的三个孩子穿着衣服躺床上) § The child was free to do everything with her mother not in、 (母亲没在家,这个孩子可以自由地做一切事情) 6、 With+名词+不定式短语 § With a lot of work to do, I don’t know whether I have time to go to the concert with you、(有这么多的工作要做,我不知道就是否有时间与您一起去听音乐会)

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