with引导的独立主格结构
英语中，with引导的独立主格结构很富有表现力，在句子中作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等。它不是句子而是短语，其结构为：with＋名词／代词＋介词短语／形容词／副词 / 名词／非谓语动词。公式：with+宾语+宾补（with复合结构）。现将with引导的独立主格结构作一小结。
1. with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.
那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.
玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
2. with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.
-
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.
这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold.
他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。
3. with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year.
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on.
这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.
~
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
He put on his socks with the wrong side out.
他把袜子穿反了。
4. with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
With winter coming on, the leaves turn yellow.
随着冬天的到来，树叶变黄了。
5. with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
钥匙弄丢了，她进不了房间。
)
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
那个杀人犯被带进来，双手被绑在后面。
6. with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry.
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.
有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。
Have a try!
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise______.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
2. The boy sat listening to the old man, ________.
>
A. opened his mouth widely
B. and opening his wide mouth
C. with his mouth wide open
D. his mouth was opened widely
3. ______, he would most probably be late.
A. Without anybody to call him
B. Anybody to call him
C. Nobody called him
D. With him to call
4. _________, we are all sure of its success.
A. With Tom taking charge of the work
B. With Tom is taking charge on the work
C. His taking charge of the work
D. With he taking charge of the work
5. With all factors________, we think this program will be a success.
A. being considered
B. considering
C. considered
D. are considered
,
6. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a
hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
7. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
8. The square looks far more beautiful _______.
A. with all the lights turning on
B. all the lights turning on
C. turning on all the lights
D. with all the lights turned on
9. He walked _______.
A. with his head held high
B. held his head highly
C. his head holding highly
D. with his head to hold high
!
10. It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _____ and his eyes _______.
A. closed; open
B. closed; opened
C. closing; open
D. closing; opening
11. The old man sat on the chair, ____________.
A. with a pipe was in his hand
B. a pipe was in his hand
C. with a pipe in his hand
D. a pipe in hand
12. __________, he can’t go out for a walk as usual.
A. With so much work to do
B. So much work doing
C. With so much work done
D. With doing so much work
13. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
14. I used to sleep __________________( 开着窗户 ).
15. The hunter went into the forest _________________( 肩上扛着枪 ).
16. ________________( 有老师帮助我们), we will surely succeed.
17. John received an invitation to dinner, and _________________ ( 所有的工作都
做完了), he gladly accepted it.
18. ________________（由一个当地人带路）, we found the small village easily.