第四讲名词性从句
一、知识点拨
（一）宾语从句（Object Clause）
同学们在初中阶段时就开始接触宾语从句了。当将一个直接引语转为间接引语时，就是在构造一个与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句了。在直接引语向间接引语转化的过程中，应就不同的句型类别进行不同的处理。而不同的句型类别都应根据转述者和转述时间对宾语从句中的人称、时态及状语作相应的调整。
1.陈述句: 不需调整语序，只要对人称，时态或状语作一定的变化即可。通常，若主句中
的动词为过去时，则从句中的时态也要相应后退一格。但如从句部分是客观真理，时态则务须变化。如：
①When the fox could not reach the grapes, he said, “The grapes are sour.”
→ When the fox could not reach the grapes, he said that the grapes were sour.
②She said, “Necessity is the mother of invention”
→She said that necessity is the mother of invention.
2.疑问句：可分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两类。
⑴一般疑问句: 转为if 或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句，且调整为陈述句语序，即主
谓宾的顺序。有时可用或whether … or not的结构。如：
“Do you want to insure your luggage or not?” he asked.
⑵但当疑问词即是句子中的主语，
则无需变换语序。如：
①“How are you getting along with your English study?” asked John.
→ John asked me how I was getting along with my English study.
②He asked, “What caused the accident?” → He asked what had caused the accident.
3.祈使句: 可不再转为宾语从句，而是用“命令性动词+ 人称代词（宾格）/名词+ 不定
式”的结构来表达相近的意思。如：
I said, “Keep a record of your expenses.”
→
4.”的结构。如：
She exclaimed, “What a silly boy you are!”
→She told him what a silly boy he was.
5.特殊结构：可根据句子的意思作灵活的变通。如：
①“You had better not leave your car unlocked,” said my friends, “there has been a lot of
stealing from cars.”
→ My friends warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been a lot of stealing from cars.
②British poet P.B.Shelly said, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”
→British poet P.B.Shelly said that spring can’t be far behind if winter came.
掌握了与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句的构成，其它动词后的宾语从句也就不难理解了。
须注意两类动词：
1. 表示说话者认知的动词：know, believe, think, explain, guess, hope, agree, understand, realize,
suppose, expect 等动词后既可以跟that 引导的陈述分句作宾语，that常被省略；又可以跟疑问分句。如：
①One should know what’s what.
② A straw shows which way the wind blows.
值得注意的是：
⑴有些表示猜想的动词后的从句中的否定式通常前移至主句中。如：
I don’t think he can do it better than me.
⑵反意疑问句通常是对复合句中的主句发问，但若主句为I think／believe／suppose时, 则
对从句发问。如：
We never thought she would play so well in the match, had we?
I think you’ll come to the meeting, won’t you?
⑶回答对think，believe，guess，hope等词提问的一般疑问句时，可用缩略式，即肯定回
答用so；否定回答用not或don’t …so。其中hope的否定回答只能用not。如：
Do you think / hope / guess / believe he will treat the child like that?
Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe so.
= Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe (that) he will treat the child like that.
No, I don’t think / believe / suppose so.
= No, I don’t think / believe / suppose (that) he will treat the child like that.
No, I hope / believe / guess not.
= No, I hope / believe / guess (that) he will treat the child like that.
⑷wonder (想知道), doubt (怀疑)等动词本身带有不确定性，故后面多跟疑问分句。注意，doubt在肯定句中，后接if或whether引导的宾语从句；在否定句和疑问句中后接that引导的宾语从句。如：
①I wonder who he is.
②I doubt if / whether she is so vain and ignorant.
I don’t doubt (that) she is so vain and ignorant.
2. 表达说话者强烈意愿的动词：其后所跟的宾语从句须用虚拟语气。
⑴suggest，advise，order，demand，insist等动词后用“(that) … should do …”的结构，此时
should可被省去。如：
Let us suggest to the person in crisis that he (should) cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity- for there is always opportunity in crisis.
⑵动词wish后的宾语从句多为不可能实现的愿望，故常将时态后退一格以示虚拟。如：
①I wish that all men everywhere could be free.
②I wish she had taken my advice.
3.
⑴有些动词后带有宾语从句作为其直接宾语，同时带有一个人称代词或名词作为
其间接宾语。如：
①He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
②She promised us that she would give us more help later on.
③The company explained to their employees that a pay rise was out of the question.
⑵在含有复合宾语“动词+ 宾语从句+ 宾语补足语”的结构中，往往因为宾语从句过长而
将其放到句末，同时用it来充当形式宾语。如：
①We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
②I find it strange that he has not come yet.
③He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan..
④I heard it said that she had gone abroad.
1.that引导的宾语从句一般不能直接跟在介词后面。但须注意的是：
⑴介词except，but，in后面可跟that引导的宾语从句。如：
①He is a capable man except that he has not enough experience.
②I would come to see you but that I had something urgent to do then.
③The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn
more.
⑵在有些含有介词的短语后可加上形式宾语it，再跟上that引导的宾语从句，形成depend on it that，rely on it that，insist on it that，see to it that等结构。如：
①I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
②You can depend on it that I will try my best to get good grades at school.
2.wh-词引导的宾语从句可以充当介词的宾语。如：
①We were astonished by what they found.
②I walked over to where she sat.
③I’m concerned about whether he has signed the contract or not.
④I’m interested in when he did it.
形容词后的名词性从句也被称作形容词补足语，多用于certain, sure, unaware, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset 等表示认知或情感的形容词后。如：
①We must also make sure that signs are clear and easy to read.
②I am sorry that you are not happy at your new school.
（二）主语从句（Subject Clause）
从属连词that，whether；
引导主语从句的常用连接词有：连接代词和疑问代词who，what，which；
连接副词和疑问副词when，where，how，why。
当一个从句作为句子的主语时，因其为抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。如:
①What is done by night appears by day.
②Who knows most says least.
如果主语从句太长，而谓语又较短，为了避免头重脚轻，往往用it作形式主语,
而将真正的主语从句后置。常见的用it作形式主语的结构有：
1.“It is + pity / a fact / a wonder / a shame / an hour / no wonder等名词+ that …”如：
It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
2.“I t is + 形容词+ that …”如：
It is impossible that a man who is false to his friends should be true to his country.
该主语从句在以下情况会出现虚拟语气：
⑴“It is + necessary / important / essential / advisable等表达说话者强烈意愿的形容词+
that …（should）do …”, should可以省略。如：
It is important that health organizations (should) remain watchful.
⑵“It is + strange / surprising / amazing/ important / essential / advisable等表达说话者强烈
情感的形容词+ that … should do …”，should不可省略。如：
It is strange that all great men should have some little grain of madness mingled with whatever genius they possess.
3.“It is + 过去分词+ that …”
⑴“It is + announced / believed / considered / expected / estimated / hoped / known /
reported / rumored / said / supposed / thought / whispered等过去分词+ that …”：其中有些结构可转化为不定式“… be believ ed / expected / estimated / known / reported / said等过去分词+ to do sth”。如：
It is well known that ambition can creep as well as soar.
→Ambition is known to creep as well as soar.
⑵以下结构中通常使用虚拟语气：“It is + suggested / advised / demanded / ordered /
requested等过去分词+ that … (should) do …”，should可以省略。如：
It is suggested that we (should) set up a special board to tackle the problem.
4.“It seems / appears / happens that …”：该结构也可转化为不定式“... seems / appears /
happens to do sth”。如：
It happened that many machine parts get rusty.
→Many machine parts happened to get rusty.
5.“It occurs to sb / It strikes sb that …”如：
It occurred to me that I should see a dentist.
（三）表语从句（Predicative Clause）
从属连词that，whether，as if;
引导表语从句的常用连接词有：连接代词和疑问代词who，what，which；
连接副词和疑问副词when，where，how，why。
1.The reason (why …) is that …
当主语是reason时，表语从句用that引导，而非用because，以免出现“原因是因为”这样的重复。如：
The reason why he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible.
2.one’s / the suggestion / advice / order / demand is that … (should) do …
当表语从句是用来说明如suggestion, advice, order, demand这类词的具体内容时，从句中须用虚拟语气，即“that … (should) do sth”, should可省略。如：
My advice is that you (should) take more physical exercise.
（四）同位语从句（Appositive Clause）
从属连词that，whether;
引导同位语从句的常用连接词有：连接代词和疑问代词who，what，which；
连接副词和疑问副词when，where，how，why。
同位语从句通常所解释、说明的名词有：advice，belief，decision，doubt，fact，feeling，idea，information，news，promise，proof，question，story，thought，truth，view，word等。
We could not shake the feeling that time was catching up with us.
名词doubt在肯定句中，后接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句和疑问句中，后接that 引导的宾语从句。如：
There is some doubt whether she is guilty.
I have no doubt that she is guilty.
有时，为了句子的平衡，同位语从句和它具体说明的名词之间会被其他成分隔开。如：
①An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
②She got a message fromMr. Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.
（五）宾语补足语从句
前面介绍了名词性从句的四种基本类型，即宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句与同位语从句。根据名词性从句在复合句中所充当的成分，另一较常见的类型是宾语补足语从句。如：
①You can call it whatever you like.
②It is corruption scandal that has made him what he is today.
（六）难点解析
1.陈述分句：由that引导的名词性从句，that只起连接作用，没有词汇意义，也不在从句
中作任何句子成分。如：
①That money doesn’t grow on tress should be obvious. （主语从句）
②The meaning of life is that it stops .（表语从句）
③To be angry with a weak man is a proof that you are not very strong yourself. （同位语
从句）
注意，that引导的主语从句可用作it作形式主语。
2.疑问分句
⑴一般疑问分句：由连词if 或whether引导的名词性从句。如：
①I’m concerned about whether / if he has signed the contract or not. （宾语从句）
②Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. （主语从句）
③The question is whether they will be able to help us （表语从句）
④They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. （同位语从句）
⑵特殊疑问分句：由wh-疑问代词或疑问副词引导的名词性从句。如：
①Knowledge is of two kinds, we know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find
information upon it. （宾语从句）
②Who swims in sin shall sink in sorrow. （主语从句）
③Men of courage, men of sense, and men of letterse are frequent, but a true gentleman is
what one seldom sees. （表语从句）
④The question who should do the work requires consideration. （同位语从句）
注意：此时whether和其它wh-词引导的主语从句也可以用it作形式主语。如：
①It doesn’t matter whether he is rich or not.
②It is a puzzle how life began.
3.名词性关系分句：由连接代词who(ever), what(ever), which(ever) 或连接副词where(ever),
how(ever), why, when引导的名词性从句。无任何疑问性质，通常相当于一个包含定语从句的名词短语。如：
①You may do whatever you want to do.（宾语从句）（= the thing / things which you want
to do）
②Whoever did that is a remarkable person.（主语从句）（= Anyone who did that）
③This was how we sloved the problem. （表语从句）（= the way in which we solved the
problem.）
注意：此时的主语从句通常不用it来做形式主语。
1. that引导陈述分句，在从句中不作成份，只起连接作用，没有词汇意义；而what引导特
殊疑问分句和名词性关系分句，在从句中充当成分，分别表示“什么”和“…的东西/事情/内容/ 话”。如：
①That he is still alive is sheer luck.（陈述分句）
②What made him survive the accident is still a mystery.（特殊疑问分句）（what在从句中作主语）
2. what引导名词性关系分句时，相当于all + that引导的定语从句。如：
What matters most is good health = All that matters most is good health.
1.引导名词性从句的that可以省略的情况:
⑴that引导动词宾语从句。如:
A blind man who leans against a wall imagines (that) it is the boundary of the world.
注意: 当that引导的宾语从句与它相应的动词被隔开时, 通常that不能省略。如：
①Everyone should bear in mind (that) his own resultion to succeed is more important than any other thing.
②Everyone should bear in mind what matters and that his own resultion to succeed is more important than any other thing..
（该句中that不可省略，因为what引导的宾语从句将that引导的宾语从句与它相应的动词see隔开了。）
⑵that引导形容词宾语从句。如：
①I’m afraid (that) I’v made a mistake.
②I am delighted (that)you’ve made your enemy your friend.
2.引导名词性从句的that不可省略的情况:
⑴that引导主语从句。如：
①That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them, .
②It is the peculiarity of knowledge that those who really thrist for it always get it.
⑵that引导表语从句。如：
What is equeality? The only thing people really have in common is that they are all going to die.
⑶that引导同位语从句。如：
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
⑷that引导介词宾语从句。与动词之后宾语从句和形容词之后的宾语从句不同，置于介词
in，except，but等后面的名词性从句须保留连词that。如：
He differed from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
1.引导的从句不同：
⑴if既可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；又可引导名词性从句中的动词宾语从句，表示
“是否”。如：
①I don’t know if she will attend the concert but if she attends, please inform us.
（第一个if引导的是动词know的宾语从句, 解释为“是否”；第二个if引导的是条件状语从句, 解释为“如果”。）
（由于if既可用来引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，又可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”,
故上句可有两种释义：一为“如果她能来参加音乐会, 通知我们”；一为“让我们知道她是否能参加音乐会。” ）
⑵whether可引导所有名词性从句，表示“是否”。
①Whether he would play the part is still doubtful. （主语从句）
②It is doubtful whether he is coming. （主语从句）
③The question is whether it is worth trying.（表语从句）
④That question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.（同位语从句）
⑤She considered whether / if it would be wiser to remain silent. （动词宾语从句）
⑥I’ve settled the question of whether I’ll lend him money.介词宾语从句）
⑦We are not sure whether we can persuade him out of smoking.（形容词宾语从句）
2.其它用whether的情况：
⑴在whether or not或whether…or not结构中。如：
①Whether it rains or not makes no difference to me.
②Whether or not he succeeds is in the lap of the gods.
⑵用于不定式前面。如：
I don’t know whether to get married or (to) wait.
同位语从句很容易与定语从句相混淆，因为两者位置相同，都出现在一个名词之后。而且，引导词that既可引导定语从句，也可引导同位语从句。根据以下两点可以判别同位语从句与定语从句：
1.判断that在从句中是否充当成分：
引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中必定充当主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的连词that仅起一个连接作用，无任何语法和词汇意义，且不可省略。如：
①The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.（定语从句）
②The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.（同位语从句）
2.同位语从句解释前面名词的具体内容，故在意义上可与前面的名词划上等号；而定语从
句则对前面名次起修饰作用。
前面提到过名词性从句中有一类名词性关系分句，它通常相当于一个包含定语从句的名词短语。因此我们往往可以将一句名词性从句转变为一个名词或代词加上一句定语从句，反之亦可。如：
① A wise man does not care for what he can’t have. =.A wise man does not care for all that he
can’t have.
②Life is not long and too much of it must not pass in ilde deliberation on how it shall be spent.
= Life is not long and too much of it must not pass in ilde deliberation on the way in which it shall be spent.
在连接词的使用上，名词性从句与状语从句有重复之处，但两者的性质是有根本区别的。
下面以when和where为例看一下它们在这两类从句中的用法。
①It is too late to draw rein when the horse comes to the edge of the cliff. (时间状语从句)
②You don’t seem to know when you are lucky. (名词性从句——宾语从句)
③The thread breaks where it is weakest. (地点状语从句)
④Home is where the heart is. (名词性从句——表语从句)
whatever，whoever，whomever和whichever既可引导名词性从句中的名词性关系分句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter what，no matter who，no matter whom和no matter which 只能引导让步状语从句。换句话说，引导名词性从句时，只能用whatever，whoever，whomever 和whichever；而引导让步状语从句时，既可用whatever，whoever，whomever和whichever，也可用no matter what，no matter who，no matter whom和no matter which。如：
①No matter where / wherever you go, you can’t escape from yourself.
②Give it to whomever you like.
③Whatever she said is right.
两者的区别在于含义上。一般表示无定指意义用-ever的形式，如whatever, whichever, whoever等意为“无论什么/哪个/谁…”; 而表示有定指意义用不带-ever的wh-形式。如：
①She is not what she was five years ago.
②They eat whatever they can find.（= anything that）
③You’re not who is magnanimous in victory.
④Whoever commits the crime shall be sentenced to ten years in prison.（= Anyone who）
两者的选择关键看它们在从句中而非主句中所作的成分。如：
①I’ll take whoever wants to go.
②You may dance with whomever you like at the dancing party.
感叹分句由what和how引导，其结构和感叹句完全相同。如：
①You can’t imagine what a dreadful person he is.
②It is incredible how easy all things are if done willingly.
2023年高中英语语法名词性从句精讲之：四大从句用法大全 主语从句 主语从句的概念： 如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。 主语从句用法： 1、主语从句的引导词： 主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 如：That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2、主语从句与形式主语it：
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况： (1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句： 如：It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。 (2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句： 如：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 (3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常不用形式主语，总是主语从句放在句首： 如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 (4)如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构： 如：Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？ How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？
名词性从句 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1.连词：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语 从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”） ◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 2. 连接代词：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever.有词意，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语 等。 3. 连接副词：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why.有词意，在从句中充当状语。 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词that，whether，和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当一定的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
名词性从句讲义公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]
名词性从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether, if, as if/though （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如: 主、宾、表或定语等。 连接副词：when, where, how, why. 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 ㈠．主语从句： 1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 Who will go is not important. 2.用it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3.that引导的主语从句放在句首时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略； That she will do well in her exam is certain 4. that 引导的主语从句，一般放在主句的后面，即把it 放在句首作形式主语。 （1）It + be +形容词/ 名词/ 过去分词+ that从句 常用的句型有 It is a pity /a shame/ no wonder/ a surprise that…： It is necessary/important/natural/strange that … It is suggested /requested/proposed/ desired that… 注意: 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要 用虚拟语气“(should) +do” (2）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems/appears/ happened / occurred to sb.that… (3) It is time that sb. did 或should do （注意：should 不可以省略） 5.主语从句中主谓一致问题 主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数； When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数； When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
名词性从句 一，名词性从句的概念： 1, 相当于名词，分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句 2，名词性从句的引导词： that, whether, if (一般是宾语从句)，as if(表语从句)，who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how,以及由how组成的词组，如：how many, how long, how far 两组需要注意的连接词 that/what 1）that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。 e.g: That he stole a bike was true. The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 高考真题： _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 2）whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。 a.在介词后面只能用whether，不能用if。 例如：①This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. b.在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。 例如：①He doesn't know whether to stay or not. c.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时只能用whether。 例如：①It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。 ②The question is whether they can take our advice. 3.The question whether he'll come is unknown. 3）doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。 e.g：We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. 二，各从句的使用及注意事项 （一）主语从句： 1.充当主语的句子即主语从句。 （That he will come） is certain. （Which team will win the match） is a matter of public concern. 2.名从的数： 1）用一个句子做主语时谓语动词用单数： e.g: What you said ____ always right. 2) 主语连接的是两个或者两个以上的从句时，谓语动词用复数 e.g：What we will start and where we will go ___(have) not decided yet. 3）主语连接的是两个或两个以上的连接词时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g：When and where we will go ___ (have) not decided yet.
名词性从句 复合句包括两个或两个以上的主谓结构，其中一个是主句，另一个是从句（即在整个句子中作句子的一个成分，不能独立）。按照从句在句中的功能，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词，因此，统称为名词性从句。名词性从句需由连接词引导，连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词、连接副词。从属连词只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当某一个成分。另外名词性从句要用陈述语序。 考点一主语从句 常引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词：that（无词义），whether/if（是否）；连接代词：what （什么；所……的），who（主格，谁），whom（宾格，谁），which（哪一个），whose（谁的），whatever（无论什么），whoever（主格，无论谁），whomever（宾格，无论谁），whichever （无论哪一个）等；连接副词：when(什么时候)，where（什么地方），why（为什么），how （怎样）等。 1.that引导的主语从句 that只起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作成分，一般不能省略。如： That he will come and help us is certain.他来帮我们是肯定的了。 The pneumonia is a common disease is known to all.众所周知，肺炎是一种普通疾病。 2.whether/if 引导的主语从句 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。Whether/if 只起连接作用，译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。如：Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假，还是个问题。（不能用if） It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan.经理是否知道计划的细节，还值得怀疑。（也可用if） 3.wh-类连接词除起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、 定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语。如： What you are doing is very difficult.你正在做的事情很难。（what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语） Whoever breaks the law should be punished.任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。（whoever引导主语从句，在从句中做主语） Who will do the job has not be punished.任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。（who引导主语从句，在从句中作主语） When we shall have our sports meet is still a question. 我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。（when引导主语从句，在从句中作状语） 4.It +主谓+主语从句 有时主语从句放在句首，句子显得笨重，常把主语从句移到句末，用it作形式主语。 用句型有以下四种： （1）It+系动词+形容词+that/wh-从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有：good（好）；important(重要的)；likely（可能的）；unlikely （不可能的）；possible（可能的）；clear（清楚的）；necessary（必要的）；true（真的）；wrong （错误的）；natural（自然的）；strange（奇怪的）。如： It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。
名词性从句学案 一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。 二、引导词： 1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if 2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever 3. 连接副词: when, where, why, because, how 三、引导词的作用： 1. 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。 2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主 语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。 主语从句 基本概念 1．定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： 连词that、whether; 疑问代词who, what, which; 疑问副词when, where, how, why ⑴连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether 能引导主语从句，而if不能。 That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. ⑵连接代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoever wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. ⑶疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原 因状语 When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. Why he often comes here is known to us all. 难点 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的 句型有： A. It+be+形容词(well-known, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
高中英语名词性从句详细讲解 一.名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 二.名词性从句的含义及连接词 名词性从句的含义: 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类： 1. that（无含义，不充当成分） 2. whether, if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分） 3. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）
连接副词：when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why（在从句中做状语） 4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句） 三. 四类名词性从句语法要点 1.主语从句 在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 it作形式主语： 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 It is clear that he is innocent in the accident. 很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。 2. 宾语从句 在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
高中英语名词性从句讲义(超详细版) 一．定义： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. His words are true. What he said is true. 2. The dog sensed something good. The dog sensed that there was something good nearby. 3. These are his words. These are what he said. 4. My Maths teacher, Mr He, is a kind person. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad. 二．引导名词性从句的连接词 连词：在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用 that, 无实义 whether, if 是否 as if \ as though 似乎，好像 连接代词：有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语。 what, 什么 who, 谁 whom, 谁，作宾语 whose, 谁的 which, 哪一个 whatever, whoever……也可以引导。连接副词：有词义，在句中担任状语。 when ,什么时候 where, 什么地方 why, 为什么 how ,怎么样 how many, how much, how often 三．主语从句 1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 That he is late for school makes the teacher very angry. 他上学迟到让老师很生气。 2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 e.g. It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 Eg. It is certain that he will win the match. It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 Eg. It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) It is suggested that the work （should） be done with great care. （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 Eg. It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
名词性从句讲解 名词性从句是一种包含一个名词或代词，作为句子主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。它可以替代一个单独的名词或代词，作为句子的一部分。例如： 1.主语从句：What she said made me angry.（她说的话让我生气了。） 2.宾语从句：I know that you are busy.（我知道你很忙。） 3.表语从句：My favorite color is blue.（我最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。） 4.同位语从句：The fact that he failed surprised everyone.（他失败 的事实让每个人都感到惊讶。） 在这些例子中，名词性从句的引导词可以是关系代词（如that, who, whom, whose, which），连接代词（如what, whoever, whatever, whichever），或连接副词（如when, where, why, how）等。名词性从句在英语语法中非常常见，经常用于口语和书面语中。 名词性从句有几个特点： 1.名词性从句可以替代一个单独的名词或代词，作为句子的一部分。 2.名词性从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词可以是关系代词、连接代词 或连接副词。 3.名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 要更快速地掌握名词性从句，建议你做以下几点： 1.学习名词性从句的引导词，了解它们的使用情况和含义。 2.阅读和听力训练，多接触语言材料，尤其是正式的书面语，以便更好地 理解和应用名词性从句。 3.尝试在写作和口语练习中使用名词性从句，以加深对其使用的熟悉度和 掌握程度。 4.寻找相关的语法练习和测试题目，以巩固自己的名词性从句知识和技 能。
名词性从句讲义 Noun clauses（名词性从句） 一、回顾与导入 A Joke A teacher asked one of his students:" What is the longest and what is the shortest?" The student answered immediately that the last several minutes of a class is the longest while the last several minutes of an exam is the shortest. Q: What kind of clause is it? __________________. ★She isn’t interested in what he said. I hate it when people laugh at the disabled. 宾语从句就是该从句在复合句中充当______,通常放在主句______ (及物动词) 或______之后。或由形式宾语______代替，而真正的宾语放在句子末尾。二、拓展其他三种名词性从句 ★How the book will sell depends on its author. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 主语从句是就是该从句在复合句中充当______ ，通常放在主句___________ 之前或由形式主语_____代替，而真正的主语放在句子末尾。 ★This is why they can’t get the support of the people. My suggestion is that we should buy a better laptop. 表语从句就是该从句在复合句中充当______ ，放在______之后， 一般结构是“主语＋______＋_____” 可以接表语从句的系动词有_________________________________等。 ★The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 同位语从句就是该从句在复合句中充当某一名词尤其抽象性名词
名词性从句讲解归纳 在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况 下这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以把这些从句统称为名词性从句，分别称为 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有 连接词作用 whether 是否 that (本身无词义) 只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分 who, whom, whose which 哪一个 what 什么，所的在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 when 什么时候，where 什么地方除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语 how 怎样、怎么，why 为什么 疑问词（ who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how）可以引导主语、 宾语和表语从句。它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义； 2、疑问词在从句中担当句 子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序。 Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗？（宾语从句，陈述 语序。不能是 whom are they looking for?） I don ’ t know who did我it.不知道这是谁干的。（宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问 词作主语，其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。） She asked me where I had been她.问我到哪儿去了。（宾语从句。陈述语序，不 能是 where had I been注.意这句话的时态。） Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？ (宾语从 句。陈述语序，不能是 when will the train arrive.) I don ’ t know why he hasn ’ t come我不yet知.道他为什么还没来。（宾语从 句，陈述语序。不能是 why hasn’t he come yet） What you have done might do harm t other people.你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。（主语从句。 what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序，不能是 what have you done. 如果用疑问语序，意思发生了变化，成了“你做了什么？”。） I don ’ t know where he is now我.不知道他现在在哪里。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不 能是 where is he now. ）Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里过的周末。（主语从句， where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序，不能是 where did he go for his weekend.） Whose fault this is is not important. 这是谁的过错并不重要。（主语从句， whose 作从句的定语。陈述语序，不能是 whose fault is this.） What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。（这句话包含两个名词性从句： what I want to know 是主语从句， what 在从句中作宾语，从句用陈述语序，不能是 What do I want to know. Where he has gone for his weekend 是表语从句， where 在从句中作状语，从句用陈述语序，不能是 where has he gone for his weekend）. 一、主语从句 1． that 引导主语从句时， that 没有意义，但不能省略。（ that 引导宾语从句时可以 省略。）
名词性从句讲义 一. 名词性从句 在句子中起名词性作用的从句叫做名词 性从句 (Noun Clauses).名词性从句在句中 的作用相当于名词或名词短语,在复合句中担当主语 ,宾语,表语和同位语等.因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能可分为:主语从句 ,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三种: 连接词 : that, whether, if (不在从句中做任何成分 ) 连接代词 : what, who, whom, which, whose 和 wh+ever ( 通常在从句中做主语 , 宾语 , 表语等 ) 连接副词 : when, where, why, how 以及wh/h+ever( 通常在从句中做状语) 二 . 主语从句 1.概念 : 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的 从句 . 2.连接词 : that 只起连接主句和从句的作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身没有词义, 不可省略whether连接主句和从句,在从句中不担任任何成分 ,但本身有选择或是否的含义 whether 与 if区别 （一）引导宾语从句，一般既可用 whether 也可用 if 。但 1 or not 放在 whether 之后时，只能用 whether 不用 if 。 I don ’t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回来。 注 1：如果 or not 放在 whether 所引导 的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。 I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回来。 2在强调任意选择时 , 用 whether ⋯or, 此时不 用 if 替换 whether 。 He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是 坐公共汽车去那里。 注： whether 和 or 一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句。 Whether he drives or takes the train,he will be here on time.不管开车来还是乘火 车来，他都会准时到。 3 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用
2023高考名词性从句（主句、宾句、表句、同位语从句）专题冲刺（含答案） 【真题重现】 （2021·新高考I卷·T1）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song"The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. what （2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. A. Whether B. why C. when D. where A （2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where B （2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. what 【知识精讲】 名词性从句 ——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 一、所有从句做题步骤 1、判断从句类型
名词性从句(主语，表语，宾语从句) 名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses) 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 一、连接词举例：that, whether, if . that my father suddenly came back on a rainy night made us surprised. Whether he will come is not clear. 比较：whether & if whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首Whether he will go is not decided. 2. 引导表语从句The question is whether to go or not. 3. whether从句作介词宾语I am thinking about whether to go or not. 4. 从句后有"or not" Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. 二、连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. e.g. What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Whatever they need should be supplied on time. 练习：will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知 one he will choose has not been decided。 gets to the finishing line first is supposed to win the first prize. 三、连接副词：when, where, how, why, how many, how much, how often e.g. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 练习he did not attend the meeting wasn’t clear. 四、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词(a pity, an honor, a wonder, a surprise. etc) + that从句 e.g. It is a pity that they didn’t persuade the manager to change the plan. （2）It + be + 形容词(true, possible, certain, surprising, strange, etc) + that从句 E.g.It is necessary that you should learn a foreign language well. （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词(said, reported, known, announced, etc)+ that从句. It was reported yesterday that an airplane crashed near Korea. （4）It + seems/seemed (好像，似乎)/happens/happened（碰巧）/ + that 从句 It occurred to me that 从句（我突然想起来） . It happened that the blind man took hold of the tail of the elephant. 另注意在主语从句中用necessary, suggested, required, requested, ordered, proposed, etc. 来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that we should protect our environment. （5）当that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时要以it 作形式主语。而把主语从句后置。 e.g. he has got the ticket for the football match is true. It is true that he has got the ticket for the football match. Is it true that he has got the ticket for the football match?
名词性从句完美讲义 第一节相关概念 一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。 二、引导词： 1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if 2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及whoever, whatever, whichever等 3. 连接副词: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever,however等 三、各类名词性从句的特征： 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 练习：辨别下列名词性从句的类别。 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S. 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting. 第二节主语从句 1．定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．连接词： 引导主语从句的连接词有三类： 连词that、whether; 疑问代词who, what, which，whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 疑问副词when, where, how, why，however, whenever, wherever等 ⑴连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether 能引导主语从句，而if不能。That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. a.That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.→It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive. 常见的句型有： ①It is/was +形容词+that 从句 It’s unlikely that…不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是…… ②It is/was +名词+that 从句 It’s a pity that…遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是…… ③It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧…… It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果…… ④It is/was +过去分词+that 从句 It’s not known that………不得而知 It’s said that…据说…… ⑤其他 It doesn’t matter +that /wh-Clause…是无关紧要的