2020届高考英语八大语法易错点专题
动名词
一、语法专项
1. I certainly appreciate his ______ (tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow.
2. These three college students are real heroes because they risked his ______ (lose) their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water.
3. I really appreciate your ______ (lend) me the money to help me out.
4. The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find ______ (annoy) in each other.
5. — What is it that made Peter so happy and excited?
— ______ (choose) as a volunteer for Shanghai 2010 World Expo.
6. It is a common sense that ______(expose) for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin.
7. Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on ______ (he take)
a good rest before going back to work.
8. ______ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie’s death.
9. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to ______ (get) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown.
10. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______ (promote) when we talked on the phone.
11. Doctors warn people that ______ (control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a person’s health than the anger itself.
12. — What was it that made Trump happy?
— ______ (elect) the US President.
13. Nowadays some parents regret not ______(spend) more time with their kids when they were young.
14. The patient who had suffered from H1N1insisted on ______ (isolate) from others immediately, holding the belief that the disease would infect others.
15. Those businesspersons are getting well prepared for the coming season, for they can’t risk ______ (lose) the good opportunity.
16. The boy’s ______ (not do) the assignment made his father lose his temper.
17. ______ (finish) your homework by yourself is one of the effective ways to improve your grades.
18. I can’t stand ______ (work) with Jane in the same office, as she is always talking, which distracts my attention.
19. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean ______ (accept) the action of the person who has offended you.
20. It cost me a fortune, but I don’t regret ______ (spend) a year traveling around the world.
二、语法填空
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popular held image of unhappy teenagers (21) ______ (lock) in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just (22) ______ positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds: They want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s (23) ______ (much) negotiation a nd discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago (24) _______ (treat) their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing.(25) ______ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Su san Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of (26) ______you could call negotiation. For example, if I (27) ______ (do) all my homework,I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot st ricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise (28) ______ teenagers say they get alon g well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history(29) ______ teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents mainly happened during that onetime in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to(30) ______ (take) it over.”
三、选词填空
A. criticism
B. discourage
C. shifts
D. institute
E. industriousness
F. establish
G. credit
H. standards
I. accommodate
J. leaves
K. demonstrate
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal ___31___ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s ___32___.Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to
eight hours,compared with the ten or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to___33___ to the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three ___34___.
In addition, sick ___35___ as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of thefirst factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to ___36___ the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in fact creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and ___37___ good personal habits,including sobriety (沉静;严肃), thriftiness (节俭), ___38___, and dependability (可信任,可靠性).
Although some ___39___ was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to ___40___ themselves in America.
参考答案
1.telling
2.losing
3.lending
4.annoying
5.Being chosen
6.being exposed
7.his taking
8.Being exposed
9.getting
10.having been promoted
11.controlling
12.Being elected
13.spending
14.being isolated
15.losing
16.not having done
17.Finishing
18.working
19.accepting
20.spending
21. locked
22. how
23. more
24. to treat
25. As long as
26. what
27. had done
28. that
29. when
30. taking
31—35 GHICJ 36—40 BKEAF
三、阅读理解
Plastic has become perhaps the most demonised material of the last 12 months, as the scale of pollution in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.
With dire predictions that if nothing is done there will be more plastic in the seas by weight than fish by 2050, it has become evident that we cannot recycle our way out of the plastic problem.
More than 8m tonnes of plastic end up in our oceans each year. Meanwhile virgin plastic production continues apace and is set to to leap by 40% over the next 10 years as more products are made from virgin plastic than from recycled.
But consumer pressure can force change. The Guardian revealed this year that supermarkets alone put 1m tonnes of plastic packaging on to the market.
But they are increasingly aware that if their customers lose faith they will lose money. Almost a quarter of consumers surveyed earlier this year said they were extremely concerned about plastic packaging. More than half said they were doing what they could to reduce their use of plastic.
In Australia, public pressure led many supermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plastic bags. These include Coles, Woolies and Harris Farm.
Just producing plastic uses huge resources – it takes around 12m barrels of oil to make the 100bn plastic bags used annually in the United States alone.
This year Britain’s Iceland supermarket has led the way –and others are beginning to follow suit. Iceland has pledged to eliminate plastic packaging on its own goods in five years.
So what can you do to reduce your own plastic footprint and put pressure on supermarkets and manufacturers to move towards reuseable plastic items and hugely increase the amount of recycled plastic in their products? Here are 10 top tips:
1. Start at home. Do a plastic audit of your household. Shower bottles, deodorants, washing up liquids, shampoo bottles. Aim to make reductions here by ditching shower gel for soap and the plastic cotton buds for recyclable ones; buy liquid detergent in recycled plastic bottles and find a refill station tofill them up. Shampoo bars and toilet paper in recycled packaging are also available.
2. In the US, 1bn plastic toothbrushes are thrown out each year, creating some 50m pounds of waste. Try using bamboo toothbrushes instead which only take about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you have to replace yourbrush.
3. Carry reuseable fabric shopping bags.
4.Try buying wholesale and putting dried products such as rice, pasta and lentils into glass jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic.
5. Recycle old plastic children’s toys. Search for a toy library in your
area to borrow from or donate to. And consider charity shops when looking for gifts.
6. Carry a reuseable coffee cup or flask; 7m plastic-lined coffee cups are thrown away in the UK every day.
7. Say no to plastic cutlery. Carry a fork with you or use a compostable alternative.
8. Ditch cling film wrap for your food. It cannot be recycled in most UK collections. Foil is recyclable, so use foil instead or reuseable plastic boxes.
9. Use an electric razor instead of plastic disposable one.
10. Write to companies whose packaging is non-recyclable, asking them to consider using less destructive materials. Maybe even think about starting a social media campaign to raise awareness. Strength in numbers!
? This article was a mended on 3 January 2019. An earlier version suggested that 12 moil barrels produced 100m plastic bags. That figure is more like 100bn bags. In addition, the estimate of 1bn plastic toothbrushes being thrown out each year relates just to the US, not globally. This has been corrected. It was further amended on 4 January 2019 to remove a reference to a branded product.
Questions：
1. According to this article, what impact plastic has had on the environment in the past months?
A.The scale of pollution in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.
B.The species of fish have been reduced a lot.
C.Polluted the air.
D.Raising sea level.
2. What can supermarkets do to reduce plastic pollution？
A. Do not sell plastic products.
B. No plastic packaged goods.
C. Phasing out disposable plastic bags.
D. Non-reusable plastic products.
3.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Plastics cannot be recycled.
B. Virgin plastics are increasingly low in our daily lives.
C. Consumers want to reduce the use of plastics.
D. It takes a lot of resources to produce plastics.
4.According to this article, which of the following methods can not reduce the use of plastics？
A. Replace plastic toothbrush with bamboo toothbrush.
B.Packaging goods with glass cans instead of plastic packaging.
C.Do not use plastic tableware.
D.Massive use of preservative film.
5. Where can we see the passage?
A. In Novel
B.In Fashion magazine
C. In Environmental magazine
D. In Advertisement
文章导读：本文选择《卫报》上关于人与自然环境之间的垃圾问题，网址为
https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/1b12148660.html,/environment/2019/jan/03/plastics-consumption-r educe-2019-10-easy-ways
文章大意：本文主要讲了，塑料污染的严峻现实，以及随着塑料污染越来越严重，人们开始意识到要减少塑料的使用量。在各大超市缩小塑料包装袋的使用和一次性购物袋的使用量，以及如何减少塑料使用的10条建议。
词汇点拨：
reduce vt. 换算; 使变弱;
vi.减少; 减轻体重;
apparent adj. 易看见的，可看见的; 貌似的，表面的;
recycled v. 回收利用( recycle的过去式和过去分词 ); 再利用;
force n. 力; 武力; （社会）势力; 魄力;
vt.强迫; 强行; 促使，推动;
public adj.公共的; 人人知道的，知名的;
n.大众; 社会; 公共场所;（文学家等的）爱读者;
descend vt. 下来; 向下倾斜; 遗传下来; 来自，来源于;
vi.(from)起源（于）; 是…的后裔; (on)袭击; (to)把身份降至;
ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的，正常的; 平庸的，平淡的;n. 普通，平常的人（或事）;
regular adj. 有规律的; 规则，整齐的; n.常客; adv. 定期地; 经常地;
短语精选：
cling film食品薄膜
switch to切换到，转到，转变成; 转入
by weight按重量计算
way out出路; 摆脱困境的办法，出口，太平门; 活路; 生路
more than超过; 不只是; 很; 在…次以上
end up in<非正>以…结束; 死
set to打起来; 大吃起来; <非正>开始努力干; 把脸转向…
made from由…做成; 由…制造
this year今年; 本年度
参考答案及解析：
1. A【解析】根据文中Plastic has become perhaps the mostdemonised material of the last 12 months, as the scale of pollution in theoceans becomes increasingly apparent在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。故选A
2. C【解析】根据文中In Australia, public pressure led manysupermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plasticbags在澳大利亚，公众的压力促使许多大卖场今年宣布，他们正在逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。故选C
3. A【解析】根据文中以及生活常识，Plastics can be recycled。塑料是可以循环使用的。故选A
4. D【解析】根据文中 Try using bamboo toothbrushes insteadwhich only take about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you haveto replace your brush.试着用竹子牙刷代替，这种牙刷只需大约六个月的时间就能被生物降解成当你不得不更换你的刷子。以及Trybuying wholesale and putting dried products such as rice, pasta and lentilsinto glass jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic试着批发购买，并将大米、意大利面和扁豆等干制品放入玻璃瓶，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。.以及Say no to plasticcutlery.对塑料餐具说不。故选D
5. C【解析】根据文中 10 easy ways to reduce your plastics usein 20192019年减少塑料使用量的10个简单方法。可知这是一篇关于环保的文章故选C
译文：
丢弃保鲜膜，改用肥皂：2019年减少塑料使用的10种简单方法
在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。
随着可怕的预测，如果不采取任何措施，到2050年，海洋中的塑料（按重量计）将比鱼类多，很明显，我们用无法循环利用的方式来解决塑料问题。每年超过800万吨的塑料最终流入我们的海洋。与此同时，维珍塑料的生产仍在快速增长，并且在未来10年内将跃升40%，因为更多的产品是由维珍塑料制成的，而不是由回收材料制成的。
但是消费者的压力会迫使改变。《卫报》今年透露，仅超市就向市场投放了100万吨塑料包装。
但他们越来越意识到，如果他们的客户失去信心，他们将赔钱。今年早些时候接受调查的近四分之一的消费者表示，他们非常关注塑料包装。超过一半的人说他们正在尽其所能减少塑料的使用。
在澳大利亚，公众压力导致许多超市今年宣布逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。其中包括科尔、伍利和哈里斯农场。
仅仅生产塑料就需要大量的资源——单单在美国，每年生产1000亿个塑料袋就需要大约1200万桶的石油。
今年，英国的冰岛超市引领了这一潮流，其他超市也开始效仿。冰岛承诺在五年内消除其商品上的塑料包装。
那么，你能做些什么来减少你自己的塑料足迹，给超市和制造商施加压力，促使他们转向可重复使用的塑料产品，并大幅增加他们产品中回收塑料的数量呢？以下是十大建议：
1.从家里开始。对你的家庭进行一次塑料审查。淋浴瓶，除臭剂，洗涤液，洗发水。目的是通过在肥皂和塑料棉芽上喷洒可回收的胶水来减少，在回收塑料瓶中购买液体洗涤剂，并找到一个填充剂站来填充它们。洗发水酒吧和卫生纸也可回收包装。
2.在美国，每年有10亿个塑料牙刷被扔掉，造成大约5000万磅的浪费。试着用竹制牙刷代替，当你需要更换牙刷时，只需要六个月的时间就可以生物降解回土壤中。
3.携带可重复使用的织物购物袋。
4.试着批发和放置干产品，如大米、意大利面和
把小扁豆装进玻璃罐，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。
5.回收旧塑料儿童玩具。在您的
向其借款或捐赠的区域。在寻找礼物的时候考虑慈善商店。
6.携带可重复使用的咖啡杯或烧瓶；每天在英国丢弃7米塑料内衬咖啡杯。
7.拒绝塑料餐具。随身携带叉子或使用可堆肥的替代品。
8.用保鲜膜包住食物。在大多数英国收藏品中，它不能被回收利用。铝箔是可回收的，所以使用铝箔代替或可重复使用的塑料盒。
9.用电动剃须刀代替一次性塑料剃须刀。
10.给包装不可回收的公司写信，要求他们考虑使用破坏性较小的材料。甚至可以考虑发起一场社会媒体运动来提高知名度。数字力量！
?本条款于2019年1月3日修订。早期的版本建议1200万桶石油生产100万个塑料袋。这个数字更像是1000亿袋。此外，估计每年有10亿只塑料牙刷被扔掉，这只与美国有关，而与全球无关。这已经纠正了。它于2019年1月4日进一步修订，删除了对品牌产品的引用。
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
动词不定式 一、单句填空 1. ______ (stay) warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 2. I stopped the car ______ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 3. Let those in need ______ (understand)that we will go all out to help them. 4. The airport ______ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5. They might just have a place ______(leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? 6. The engine just won’t start. Something seem s ______ (go) wrong with it. 7. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ (watch) anything that happened to be on. 8. I remembered ______ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 9. We’re hav ing a meeting in half an hour.The decision______ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 10. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ (meet) an even greater challenge. 11. George returned after the war, only______ (tell) that his wife had left him. 12. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ (do) to achieve the final success. 13. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ (speak) to the new students. 14. This machine is very easy ______(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
高考语法复习8 状语从句 【走进高考】 1.【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。 2.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten. A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。 3.【2018·北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although 尽管；While当……时候，尽管，然而；If如果；Until直到。故选C正确。 4.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. A. because B. though C. until D. since 【答案】C 【解析】A. because 因为 B. though尽管 C. until直到 D. since自从句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。 5.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because 【答案】C
动名词 语法图解 探究发现 ①Playing with fire is dangerous. ②It is no good learning a theory without practice. ③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking a t. ④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products. ⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. ⑥His hobby is watching football games. ⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ... [我的发现] (1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。 (2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。 (3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。 一、动名词的定义 动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具有名词和动词的特征。 二、动名词的基本形式 动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn 为例列表如下： 主动语态被动语态 一般式learning being learned 完成式having learned having been learned 1.动名词的一般式。 结构：主动用doing；被动用being done 动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。 Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间) I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere. 我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前) Doctors advise giving up smoking. 医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后) 2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
一、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who （宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where when why 等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose 在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 如：①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析：在句①中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days；而在句②中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that 或which来代指。 同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。 如：①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作状语） ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作宾语） 注：当先行词为time,reason, place时，引导词可以省略。如： ① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ② That is the reason (why) I did it. ③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如： ① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 ② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在。 二名词性从句中的易错点 （一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如： ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this comi ng Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
2020届高考英语八大语法易错点专题 动名词 一、语法专项 1. I certainly appreciate his ______ (tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow. 2. These three college students are real heroes because they risked his ______ (lose) their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water. 3. I really appreciate your ______ (lend) me the money to help me out. 4. The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find ______ (annoy) in each other. 5. — What is it that made Peter so happy and excited? — ______ (choose) as a volunteer for Shanghai 2010 World Expo. 6. It is a common sense that ______(expose) for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin. 7. Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on ______ (he take) a good rest before going back to work. 8. ______ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie’s death. 9. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to ______ (get) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown. 10. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______ (promote) when we talked on the phone. 11. Doctors warn people that ______ (control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a person’s health than the anger itself. 12. — What was it that made Trump happy? — ______ (elect) the US President. 13. Nowadays some parents regret not ______(spend) more time with their kids when they were young.
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式
2017高考英语重点语法： 高考英语常考语法总结——形容词和副词形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。 关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面： 1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。 2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： ①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。 3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。 4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。 5. 考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。 6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。 7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。 8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。 考点1：在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义 从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
备战2009：高考英语语法易混易错题100例 I. 冠词 ①Three years later he turned _______doctor. ②Three years later he became ______ doctor. A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the ①My brother often plays _____football after school. ②My brother often plays ______ piano after school. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. an II. 名词及主谓一致 ①Many students find ______ difficult to learn. ②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn. A. English B. an English C. the English D. England ①The writer and scientist _______present at the meeting. ②The writer and the scientist ________ present at the meeting. A. were B. was C. has D. had ①He as well as his brother _____ football now. ②He and his brother ______ football now. A. is playing B. is played C. are playing D. are played ①All of the apples ______rotten. ②All of the apple ______ rotten. A. are B. is C. have been D. has been ①More than 70 percent of the population of this country _______ peasants. ②The population of this country ________ about 13,000,000.
高考英语语法专题练习 情态动词与虚拟语气〔含答案和解析〕 情态动词和虚拟语气是历年高考英语的必考知识点，虚拟语气是整个语法系统中的难点，因此，学好它必须要静下心来、花些力气.今天，让我们看看关于虚拟语气和情态动词的一些经典例题，你都会吗？ Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life. 解析：句意：我唯一能做的事情是希望她能长寿.所填词表示能力，此处要表达我唯一“能”做的，而且根据wished判断句子应该用一般过去时，所以填could. 2．Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not 解析：句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题.根据since提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示“按理说应该发生”的，故本空填情态动词should. 3．It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. 解析：句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受.在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall. 4．Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind. 解析：句意：如果你愿意的话，现在我想让你看一些照片.I would like to do...是固定句式，意为“我想做……”. 5．Anyone__can__be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”. 解析：句意：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”.此处是情态动词用于陈述句中，表示“一时的情况”，故用情态动词can. 6．〔2014·福建，，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 解析：句意：如果没有现代通信手段，我们需要等待数周才能获得来自世界各地的新闻.由句意和主句中的“would＋动词原形”可知，逗号前是一个表示与现在事实相反的从句，应为if