when和while的区别
①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；
while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须
．．是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如：
a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。
b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。
具体你可以参考这一段。
when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别
when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
④ The students took notes as they listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
①When ／While ／As we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
②When ／While ／As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make 为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
① As the time went on，the weather got worse．（as表示“随着……”之意）
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases．随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
④The little girls sang as they went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying．伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had hardly（＝scarcely）done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．
①I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
1.I thought her nice and honest I met her. (1998年上海)
A.for the first time
B.the first time
C. first time
D. by the first time
答案：B.the first time 用来引导状语从句
分析：
for the first time是介词短语，只能作状语，不能接从句；the first time相当于一个连词，引导状语从句，同时定冠词the不能省略，故选B。
〔透视〕the first time/day，the moment/minute/second, immediately, every time, next time等表示时间的名词短语可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。time构成的搭配还有：at a time 一次；at one time 曾经；all the time 一直、总是；at times 时常；from time to time 间或；in time 及时；on time 准时；time and time again 一次又一次；at the same time 与此同时。
2.It's difficult for us to learn a lesson in life____ we've actually had that lesson.（2007天津）
A.until
B.since
C.before
D.when
答案是A，为什么不能选C。望大伙给个说法
解析：很多时候英语单选题的答案并不是说只有这个选项可以将句意补充完整，或者说只有这个选项符合要求，而是因为它是最符合逻辑、语法、搭配等多方面的要求的一个，这个题目中until和before都可以将句子补充完整，但从句意逻辑上来比较一下，如果用before的话，意思就只有“在我们真切地经历一次教训之前，我们很难领会到其中真理”。但如果用until的话，句子的意思就更加有层次、更加丰富了，他可以直接翻译为“直到我们真切地经历过一次教训，我们才会领会到其中真理”，这就直接表达出了前面的答案所要表达的真正意思，也就是说这句话包含了前者的真正意义，像这种能够包含另一个正确答案意思的答案，一般就是最佳答案了。换句话说，包容性最强的正确答案就是最佳答案
3. There were some chairs left over ___A__ everyone had sat down.（2008四川）
当每人都坐下时那里还有些空位置，had sat 过去完成式
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. where
4. The telephone __B_____, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.
A. had rung
B. was ringing（过去进行时）
C. rings
D. has rung
5.Never cross the street against a light ____you don`t see any traffic coming.
A.in case
B.so that
C.even though
D. even if
even if一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事情,
even though引出的是事实。
though 常表示一些已经确定的消息，而if由它本身所带的“如果”的含义，表示了一种对假设信息的不确定。
本题里的you don`t see any traffic coming.，翻译过来应该是“就算你没看见有车过来，”当你过马路等红灯的时候，没车过来是经常会发生的事情，是个事实，不是把握性不大的事情，因此用even though，不用if。
给你几个例句：
She's going to have problems finding a job even if her gets she A levels. 就算她考试成绩都是A，她找工作还会碰到问题。（考A是假设的情况）
Even though he's 24 now, he's still like a little child.尽管他24岁了，但他仍然像个孩子。（他24岁了是事实）
Even though he knows it, he'll not let out the secret.（他知道这个秘密）.
Even if he knows it, he'll not let out the secret.（不确定他是否知道这个秘密）.
6.______ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If
B. While
C. Because
D. As
本题选择B，但是我不太明白D为什么不可以？感谢您的回答！
本句的意思是虽然网络对人的帮助很大,但是我并不认为在网络上花费太多时间是个好注意.请注意句子含义的转折性.只有B有此含义.while--当.....时候,虽
然.although/though可能是最好的用词.
1.The old lady's hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor_____this shaking had begun half a year before,and ____,only because of this,she had been forced to give up her job.
A.when ; how
B.how ; when
C.how ; how
D.why ; why 此题选c,为什么不选b、d，这句话如何翻译？
这句话的意思是：
这位老妇人的手常常发抖。她向她的医生解释这种抖动是怎样在半年前发生的，同时，由于手抖，她是怎样被迫放弃她的工作的。
其实由题目意思就可以推选出C答案。
如果选why的选项，那就是说她自己已经知道手抖的原因，那还何需想医生咨询呢？而后面only because of this已经是对原因的解释，很明显不再是由why来提出疑问。
独立主格结构
百科名片
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
目录
用法
形式
特点
注意事项
示例
详细概述
功能
用法
形式
特点
注意事项
示例
展开
编辑本段详细概述
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing，被动用V-ed。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
编辑本段功能
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：
表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
表示条件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
编辑本段用法
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
用作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
用作条件状语
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
用作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
用作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
编辑本段形式
1>一般独立主格形式:与主句逻辑关系松散
形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式;n. + 不定式; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词;n. + 副词. ;
名词/主格代词+现在分词
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。如：
The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
名词/主格代词+过去分词
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。如：
The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
名词/主格代词+不定式
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
名词/主格代词+形容词
如：
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
名词/主格代词+副词
如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
名词/主格代词+介词短语
如：
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
2>with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密
形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +abj.; with +n. + 介词短语
3>each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词
形式为:句子+ 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式
如:
Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.（题源:《GMAT语法全解》白勇著，Page38）
4>其他形式
There being +名词（代词）
如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
It being +名词（代词）
如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
编辑本段特点
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room,his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。
如：Don’t sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
编辑本段注意事项
1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指
同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
编辑本段示例
请看下面一道题：
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在seated 前加上助动词is，则可以选择B（当然若将seated 改为sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。
请再看一个类似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C.which
D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，该句是典型的非限制性定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用which
做of的宾语，故本题选C。
再请看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。
请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：
(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.
A. which
B. them
C. whom
D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which
B. them
C. whom
D. that
1.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent
______at the end of last March . (2007山东)
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
选B 解析上说此句前后句没连词，只有逗号是不能连接两个句子的,所以后边the most recent ______ at the end of last March就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语
这个是独立主格结构解释是正确的
首先一个句子在没有连词的情况下,只能有一个谓语动词.
着句话前面已经有了has already sent up做谓语动词了,逗号不能连接两个完整的句子,所以A答案是最迷惑的,如果是分号或者有个连词and就可以用A.
如Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.后面一句是个完整的句子,前面一句谓语就用ing分词的形式做伴随状语.相当于when everyone is ready.
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.这句也是一
样,the boy leading the way也是独立主格,不过是做原因状语.相当于beasue the boy led the way
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.这个前面部分也是独立主格结构,不过是做条件状语,相当与if my health allows .
注意如果有连词了,句子的谓语动词和做独立主格的句子的"谓语部分"的区别. 2007年的山东高考卷中有这样一道高考题：
The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.(2007年山东卷)
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
此题答案为C。考查独立主格结构的用法。由于动作于去年的三月底就已经发生，所以不能选表示未来动作的不定式，即不能选D；又由于句子用了具体的过去时间状语(at the end of last March)，故不能选完成式，即不能选 A 和B。
英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看，它是一个独立的成分，而不是句子（因为句中没有谓语），在句中主要用作状语，通常可转换成状语从句。下面谈谈英语独立主格结构的几种常构成方式。
1. 名词或代词+现在分词
名词或代词通常是动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动的或正在进行的动作。如：
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。
All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段时间，他们都很快就入睡了，没有人知道发生了什么事。
2. 名词或代词+过去分词
名词或代词是动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表结构，表示被动或已完成的动作。如：
This done, we went home. 做完此事，我们就回家了。(表时间)
She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。(表方式或伴随情况)
Arthur gone, he would only be allowed to make visits like other acquaintances. 阿瑟走后，他就会像其他相识的人一样地被允许来拜访了。(表条件)
As yet few have done their full duty, present company excepted. 迄今全部完成任务
的人很少，在座的人除外。(表除外)
3. 名词或代词+不定式
名词或主格代词通常是动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示将要发生的动作，常位于句首或句末。如：
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。(表伴随)
He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
4. 名词或代词+形容词或副词
形容词或副词常用来说明名词或代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如：
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。
The people, their livelihood secure, now have the leisure to take up sports. 现在人民生活有了保障，就有时间参加体育活动了()
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。
5.名词或代词+介词短语
介词短语也是用来说明或代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如：
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪痕。
2.I send you 100 dollara today,the rest___in a yew. (2006 湖南)
A.follows
B.followed
C.to follow
D.deing followed
答案为C，为什么？请教，谢谢!
前面I send you 100 dollars today是完整的句子，后面是独立主格结构，那应该用非谓语结构，排除A
B是被动，D是被动进行时。而这里想说的是，剩下的钱（下次）再给，是将来发生的事情，要用不定式。答案选C
3. the chikdren went home from the grammar school, their lessons_____ for the day. 答案填finished，为什么不能填had finished（2007，重庆）
their lesson finished for the day是一个独立成分（即非谓语形式），并不是一个句子，所以不能用带有时态变化（如过去时、将来时、完成时）的动词-那叫谓语。finished是过去分词，属于非谓语形式一种，作状语用
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
高考语法复习8 状语从句 【走进高考】 1.【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。 2.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten. A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。 3.【2018·北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although 尽管；While当……时候，尽管，然而；If如果；Until直到。故选C正确。 4.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. A. because B. though C. until D. since 【答案】C 【解析】A. because 因为 B. though尽管 C. until直到 D. since自从句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。 5.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because 【答案】C
动词不定式 一、单句填空 1. ______ (stay) warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 2. I stopped the car ______ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 3. Let those in need ______ (understand)that we will go all out to help them. 4. The airport ______ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5. They might just have a place ______(leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? 6. The engine just won’t start. Something seem s ______ (go) wrong with it. 7. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ (watch) anything that happened to be on. 8. I remembered ______ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 9. We’re hav ing a meeting in half an hour.The decision______ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 10. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ (meet) an even greater challenge. 11. George returned after the war, only______ (tell) that his wife had left him. 12. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ (do) to achieve the final success. 13. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ______ (speak) to the new students. 14. This machine is very easy ______(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
易错题训练（一） 1.You can't expect your brain to do its best _______ you take care of it. A.when B.if C.until D.unless 2._________it is personal conversation or a huge speech,the point of communication is to make ourselves understood. A.Wether B.Weather C.If D.Either 3.You can develop good habits,and you can _____any bad ones you may already have. A.break B.form C.correct D.change 4.---What time does the first train to Beijing leaves? ----Just a minute.I'm just _________. A.staring up B.looking up C.calling up D.picking up 5.Even if you are on the right track,you'll get _________ if you just sit there. A.running over B.run over C.to run over D.to be running over 6.You should______ like a man of action and _____like a man of thought. A.act;act B.think;think C.think;act D.act;think 7.People don't have bad memories.They have perfect memories.They just have a poor system for ____ what is already there. A.explaining B.accessing C.possessing D.storing 8.There is now global competition for growth,which means the US has to constantly ask itself what other countries are doing well and ______. A.what it might adapt B.how it might adapt C.what it might adopt D.how it might adopt 9.You wouldn't expect a car____ well if you left it in the garage for twenty years and then tried____it. A.to function;driving B.functioning;to drive C.functioning;driving D.to function;to drive 10.I_____ you to put your best effort into everything you do. A.praise B.suggest C.hope D.expect 11.We all perform ________ if we are comfortable with our surroundings. A.good B.better C.best D.poorly 12.----Tom,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,but I have so much homework to do that I really____. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 13.---I hear ______ boys in your school like playing basketball after school. ---Yes, they are sporty. A.quite a lot B.quite a bit C.quite a little D.quite a few 14.---Helen,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,they ate sporty. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 15.When you learn English ,you need to choose which accent to _____,American or British. A.adopt B.adapt C.attach D.approve 答案：DAABB CBBDD BDDDA
高中英语语法易错题:非谓语动词陷阱题 1. Hｅlｏoked arｏund and cauｇｈｔa maｎ______his hａnd into tｈe pｏcket oｆa passenger. Ａ. put Ｂ. to ｂｅpuｔtiｎg C.to put D．puttｉng 2. Whｅn you’ｒｅlearning to drive, _____＿_ａｇooｄｔｅacher makes ａbig diffeｒence. A.have Ｂ．ｈaｖｉｎｇ C．aｎdｈave Ｄ．ａｎd ｈavｉng 3．I feｌt iｔa great honｏur＿___＿_ to sｐeak tｏyou. A．to ask B．ａskｉng C.to be asked D. havｉng aｓkｅd 4.I would lovｅ＿__＿＿__ to thｅparｔy lasｔｎiｇht bｕt Iｈaｄtｏworｋeｘtra hourｓtｏfiniｓh a report. A. ｔoｇo B. toｈave gone Ｃ. goinｇ D. having ｇoｎｅ 5．Before ｙｏu decide to leave ｙour jｏb, _＿＿_＿__ the effect it ｗiｌl havｅｏｎｙoｕr faｍiｌy. A．conｓidｅrＢ. ｃoｎsｉdｅｒｉng C. tｏｃｏnsider D. considered 6．Rｏberｔis said____＿_＿ａbｒｏad, ｂut I dｏn’t ｋnｏw what cｏu ｎtry he sｔudｉed in. Ａ. to have stｕdied B. to studｙ C．to be stｕdying D．to haｖｅbeen studying 7. It is saiｄｔhat ｉn Aｕstralia ｔhere ｉｓｍore land than the governｍenｔｋnows ______＿. A.it wｈaｔto do with B.whａt to do ｉｔwitｈ C. what to doｗｉth iｔD．to do what witｈit 8. Ａnyone ______＿ｂａｇｓ，bｏxes, ｏr ｗhａtｅver,was stoｐpｅd by the ｐoliｃe. A. seen ｃaｒry B．seｅn caｒrying Ｃ. ｓaｗto cａｒｒy D. saw carryｉｎｇ 9．MｒReeｄmade up his ｍind to dｅｖote aｌl he had ｔo_＿_＿＿__ some
一、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who （宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where when why 等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose 在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 如：①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析：在句①中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days；而在句②中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that 或which来代指。 同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。 如：①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作状语） ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作宾语） 注：当先行词为time,reason, place时，引导词可以省略。如： ① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ② That is the reason (why) I did it. ③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如： ① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 ② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在。 二名词性从句中的易错点 （一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如： ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this comi ng Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不
高考英语最新语法之简单句知识点易错题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Birds rarely build nests in our garden,________? A．don’t they B．do they C．didn’t they D．did they 2．Do be careful next time, _____? A．will you B．do you C．don’t you D．aren’t you 3．Lucy, finish your homework first, _____? And then let’s go out for a walk, _____? A．will you; will you B．does she; shall we C．will you; shall we D．won’t you; shan’t we 4．Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ________ she? A．had B．did C．hadn't D．didn't 5．I don’t think he is right, ______? A．is he B．isn’t he C．do I D．don’t he 6．Written in a hurry, ____________. How can it be satisfactory? A．they found many mistakes in the report B．Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C．there are many mistakes in the report D．the report is full of mistakes 7．---English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it? ---Yes. more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A．Know B．Knowing C．To know D．Having known 8．______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. A．Calling B．Call C．To call D．Having called 9．—Look at my new dress． —Wow! ____________ beautiful it is! A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 10．I wish to visit America,________? A．don’t I B．can I C．may I D．may you 11．No one left here yesterday,________? A．didn’t they B．did they C．didn’t one D．did one 12．--- Hey, Sherly, welcome back! __________? ---- Ok, I guess. My son and I went to Hainan and enjoyed the beautiful scenery there. A．How was your holiday B．How is your son C．Where did you go for holiday D．What did you do in your holiday 13．They must have stayed at home last night,________? A．mustn’t they B．haven’t they C．didn’t they D．must they 14．The president must have received the result of medical research by the time the disease spread widely, _______? A．hasn’t he B．mustn’t he C．hadn’t he D．didn’t he 15．It’s my son’s wedding next week, and I have to do my best for that,____________?
高中英语语法易错题：短语动词陷阱题 1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s. A. turned out B. turned up C. set out D. set up 2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway. A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out 3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one. A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work i n 4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new scho ol was ______ in the village last year.” A. held up B. s et up C. sent up D. brought up 5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone. A. give up B. put up C. hang up D. ring up 6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished. A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off 7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away 8. The p lan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作). A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put down 9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children. A. asked for B. called for C. looked for D. paid for 10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure. A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up 11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise. A. put up with B. get rid of
2020高考英语易错语法点专题九定语从句（解析版） 1.(2019·全国卷II，62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _____she opened with her late husband Les. 2.(2019·全国卷III)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment_______is created for them. 3.（2019 江苏卷，21 ）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 4.（2019·天津卷，11）Their child is at the stage______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 5.(2019·新课标III卷)They were well trained by their masters __ ___ had great experience with caring for these animals. 6. (2019·北京卷)The students befitting most from college are those ___ ___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 7.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 8.【2018·天津】Kate, ________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom B. that C. whose D. her 9.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 10.【2017·北京】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 11.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom 12.【2017·天津】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 13.【2016·北京】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 14.【2016·江苏】Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 15.【2016·浙江】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has
2020届高考英语八大语法易错点专题 动名词 一、语法专项 1. I certainly appreciate his ______ (tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow. 2. These three college students are real heroes because they risked his ______ (lose) their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water. 3. I really appreciate your ______ (lend) me the money to help me out. 4. The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find ______ (annoy) in each other. 5. — What is it that made Peter so happy and excited? — ______ (choose) as a volunteer for Shanghai 2010 World Expo. 6. It is a common sense that ______(expose) for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin. 7. Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on ______ (he take) a good rest before going back to work. 8. ______ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie’s death. 9. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to ______ (get) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown. 10. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______ (promote) when we talked on the phone. 11. Doctors warn people that ______ (control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a person’s health than the anger itself. 12. — What was it that made Trump happy? — ______ (elect) the US President. 13. Nowadays some parents regret not ______(spend) more time with their kids when they were young.
备战2009：高考英语语法易混易错题100例 I. 冠词 ①Three years later he turned _______doctor. ②Three years later he became ______ doctor. A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the ①My brother often plays _____football after school. ②My brother often plays ______ piano after school. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. an II. 名词及主谓一致 ①Many students find ______ difficult to learn. ②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn. A. English B. an English C. the English D. England ①The writer and scientist _______present at the meeting. ②The writer and the scientist ________ present at the meeting. A. were B. was C. has D. had ①He as well as his brother _____ football now. ②He and his brother ______ football now. A. is playing B. is played C. are playing D. are played ①All of the apples ______rotten. ②All of the apple ______ rotten. A. are B. is C. have been D. has been ①More than 70 percent of the population of this country _______ peasants. ②The population of this country ________ about 13,000,000.
高中英语语法易错题：非谓语动词陷阱题 1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.