高中英语阅读专项讲解
▼要求能力
1、理解语篇主旨大意
2、理解文章具体信息
3、根据上下文推断生词的词义
4、作出简单判断和推理
5、理解文章的基本结构
6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度
▼题型动态
1、主旨大意题
2、细节理解题
3、词义判断题
4、推断题
5、观点态度题
●▓主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结.
虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
★
文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。
但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
【练一练】
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the
salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale.
?Which sentence best expresses the main idea?
A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.
B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly.
C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.
D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.
【练一练】
After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional basketball for the Huston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 point s in just one game.
?The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird_____.
A. was the named the Most Valuable Player of the Year
B. was strong and tall
C. was good at shooting baskets
D. was the oldest player of the team
●▓细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
★
【练一练】
(07年高考北京卷）Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated, ready to attackk Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.
?Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?
A. To get ready to fight.
B. To frighten it away.
C. To protect the boy.
D. To cool down.
【练一练】
（07高考天津卷) The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs.
This comes after a national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs.
“The civilization of a city can be measured by this.”said Monica carina, the councilor(议员）behind the new law.
?People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by its____.
A. exchanges with other cities
B. protection for ancient ruins
C.awareness of animal protection
D. recognition of animal lover
●▓词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：
★
★做题要领
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思
根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
【练一练】
(07年高考全国卷）Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska. the
19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as
a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
?The words‘‘hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.
A. attracted to teaching
B. tired of teaching
C.satisfied with teaching
D. unhappy about teaching
【练一练】
Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and
mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is
well known and well deserved(值得的).
?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”?
A. repeat
B. reiterated
C. uneducated
D. sick
●▓推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的
观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
★From the text we know that ______.
The passage implies that ______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.
解推断题的方法：
解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
【练一练】
One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”
“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.
“Well,”replied the man,“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”
?The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was ______.
A. very clean
B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insect
【练一练】
(07高考全国卷）Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
?Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A.Top manager
B. Language learners
C.Serious educator
D. Science organizations
●▓观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有:
positive support approval(赞同的）optimistic
★critical negative tolerant disappointed
pessimistic(悲观的) indifferent(冷淡的) doubtful
Neutral(中立的）objective(客观的）
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:
What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.
★How does the author feel about…?
Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude
towards…?
【练一练】
Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news.
?This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to_____.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a3874500.html,plain
B. apologize
C. amuse
D.doubt
【练一练】
A month after Hurricace Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high rains, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I’d had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “Y ou from New Orleans?” she asked. I said I was,
“No charge.” She said, and f irmly shock her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage（抵押贷款）on our ruined house. We looked at many places, but none was satisfactory. We’d began to accept that we’d have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kemmedy in California. He’d read some pieces I’d written about our sufferings for state, the online magazine and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house across the lake from New Orleans.
It sounded a good to her return, but I replied, thinking him for his exceptional generosity, then we to go back. Then the University of Florida offered to let him house to me. While he want to England on his one year, paid leave. The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poet’s offer to James Kemdedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.
Throughout this painful experience , the kindness of strangers back my faith in humanity .It’s almost worth losing you wordy possessions to be reminded that people re ally when given had a channel.
56．The garage employee’s attitude toward the author was that of
A．unconcern B．sympathy C．doubt D．tolerance
57．What do we know about James Kemnedy?
A．He was a written of an online magazine.
B．He was a poet at the University of Florida
C．He offered the author a new house free of charge.
D．He learned about the author’s sufferings.
58．It can be inferred from the text that
A．the author’s family was in financial difficulty
B．rents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster
C．houses were difficult to find in the hurricane-stricken area
D．the mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank
59．The author learned from his experience that
A．worldly possessions can be given up when necessary
B．generosity should be encouraged in some cases
C．people benefit from their sad storie
D．human beings are kind after all.
【练一练】
The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other forever. He sent his camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.
The next morning he said to the men, "Have you provided me with that sunset?"
"No, sir," the men answered.
The director was angry. "Why not?" he asked.
"Well, sir," one of the men answered, "we're on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset."
"But I want a sunset!" the director shouted. "Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one."
But then a young secretary had an idea. "Why don't you photograph a sunrise," she suggested, "and then play it backwards? Then it'll look like a sunset."
"That's a very good idea!" the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, "Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea."
The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay. Then at nine o'clock they took it to the director. "Here it is, sir," they said, and gave it to him. He was very pleased.
They all went into the studio. "All right," the director explained, "now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the 'sunset' behind them."
The "sunset" began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.
The birds in the film were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.
1. One evening, the director sent his camera crew out _________.
A. to film a scene on the sea
B. to find an actor and an actress
C. to watch a beautiful sunset
D. to meet the audience
2. Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?
A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunset.
B. Because he was angry with his crew.
C. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset.
D. Because it was his secretary's suggestion.
3. The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because ______.
A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroine
B. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening
C. it was more moving than a sunrise
D. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset
4. After the "sunset" began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands
______.
A. because he was moved to tears
B. as he saw everything in the film moving backwards
C. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imagined
D. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and heroine
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The crew had to follow the secretary's advice.
B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coat is the place to go.
C. The camera crew wasn't able to film the scene the first day.
D. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the "sunset".
【练一练】
The most important holiday in spring, especially for Christians, is Easter. This Christian holiday is not on the same date every year，but it's always on a Sunday. It can be any Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many people celebrate Easter by buying new clothes. Children celebrate by hunting for colored eggs that their parents
have hidden around the house. People also give Easter baskets filled with candy and other goodies to one another to celebrate the day.
But the holiday is more than new clothes and good things to eat. On Easter, many people go to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection（复活）from the dead. Most people color Ester eggs. Some people hide them. Others just eat them. But no matter what one does with Easter eggs，they are an important Easter tradition throughout the Western world. People from many different cultures celebrate Easter. In both America and Belgium, children look for Easter eggs hidden on lawns and in bushes. In America, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny (兔子).But in Belgium, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from church bells. In Bulgaria (保加利亚), red Easter eggs are lucky in churches. Bulgarian families also hit these Easter eggs together to see whose is the strongest. The winner looks forward to good fortune that year. Still dozens of other Easter traditions exist. In parts of Austria，for example，children sing from door to door and are rewarded with colorful eggs.
1．Easter comes _______.
A. on the same date every year
B. on Sunday on March 22
C. on Sunday on April 25
D. on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25
2．To celebrate Easter, people ___________.
A. go shopping, hide colored eggs and children hunt for them
B. give Easter baskets filled candy and goodies to one another
C. buy new clothes, hide colored eggs and children look for them around the house
D. both B and C
3．For Christians the more important thing to do on Easter is________.
A. going to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection
B. buying new clothes
C. eating delicious food and paint color eggs
D. exchange beautiful gifts each other
4．People from different cultures have different ideas about Easter egg
_________.
A. In both American and Belgium, children hunt for Easter eggs hidden in rooms and in bushes
B. In Belgium, the hidden eggs are thought to have fallen from doorbells
C. In American, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny
D. In America, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from doorbells
5．In some places of Austria, children sing from door to door for_______.
A. blesses
B. Easter eggs
C. candy and goodies
D. Easter bunny
?记叙文阅读 ▼“八字诀”：综观理脉检索整合 一、综观——握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。 二、理脉——分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。 三、检索——筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。 四、整合——审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制(没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善)；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。 ▼要求能力 1、理解语篇主旨大意 2、理解文章具体信息 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义 4、作出简单判断和推理 5、理解文章的基本结构 6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度 ▼题型动态 1、主旨大意题 2、细节理解题 3、词义判断题 4、推断题 5、观点态度题
●▓主旨大意题 文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结. 虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种： What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? The main idea of the passage is… ★The passage is mainly about_____. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is/ might be____. The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____. ★做题要领： 文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。 但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。 【练一练】 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. ?Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale. B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.
初中阅读练习——记叙文（九年级一）
（二） 掌心化雪 ①这是一个真实的故事。 ②她丑得名副其实，肤黑牙突，大嘴暴睛，神情怪异，好像还没发育好的类人猿，又像《西游记》里被孙悟空打死的那个鲇鱼怪。爸爸妈妈都不喜欢她，有了好吃的好玩的，也只给她漂亮的妹妹。她从来都生活在被忽略的角落。 ③在学校，丑女孩更是倍受歧视，坐在最后面，守着孤独的世界。有一回，班里最靓的女生和她在狭窄的走廊遇上，一脸鄙夷，小心翼翼地挨着墙走，生怕被她碰着，哪怕是衣角。丑女孩满怀愤懑，又无处诉说，回家躺在黑暗里咬牙切齿，酝酿复仇——她要买瓶硫酸，送给同班的靓女；甚至妹妹也要“变丑”，逼着父母学会一视同仁。 ④不是没有犹豫。她一直善良，碰见走失的猫狗都会照顾。于是，她蒙着纱巾，遮盖住丑陋的面孔，去见中科院心理研究所的老师。哪怕对方有丁点厌恶，都足以把她推下悬崖。 ⑤老师眼神明净，声音柔和，鼓励她解下纱巾。她踌躇地照做了。老师微笑着起身，走过来，轻轻拥抱住她。那一刻，陌生温暖的怀抱，化解了她身上的戾气，让她莫名落泪。从此，丑女孩一改阴郁仇视的眼神，微笑的她最终被父母、同学接受。 ⑥只需一个拥抱，就能改变一个人的一个小时、一天、一个月，乃至一生。 ⑦平凡的我们，都需要这样的爱，相互鼓舞慰藉。 ⑧记得有一次，我去医院看眼睛，被点了药水之后，刚才熟悉的世界陡然陷入黑暗。身外一片人声扰攘，脚步杂乱，我却战战兢兢不敢举步，恍惚只觉面前横亘万丈深渊。幸好有只手伸过来，轻轻把我送到长椅上坐定。这只陌生的手让我渐渐安心，心情坦然。 ⑨我的先生只是市井小人物，但是“无缘大慈，同体大悲”的精神，深入骨髓。他每月工资少得可怜，从不
写英语记叙文的基本方法 记叙文是最常见、最基本的写作问题,是学生学习写作时首先接触的文体。记叙文以真实的社会生活、自然景物为材料,以记人、叙事、状物、写景为主要内容,以叙述、描写和对话为主要表达方式,通过形象表达思想的一种文体。它包括通讯、特写、故事、传记、游记、历史文献、新闻报导、小品、寓言等等。一般说来,所谓记叙文,就是把人物的经历、行为或发生的事情叙述出来,写记叙文必须注意以下几点: 1. 主题要鲜明。首先要认真审题,对题目所给信息,不论是短文还是表格,不论是文字还是图画,都务必仔细分析,反复推敲,确认故事情节、人物关系等,最后确定题目所要反映的主题。文中所有要写的内容都要紧扣题目要求,围绕这一个主题展开。 2. 内容要完整。一般说来,记叙文包含六大要素:when(时间 , where(地点 , who(人物 , what(事件 , why(原因 , how(结果。作者要从这六个方面入手,将题目所要求的全部要点交代清楚,详细记述下来。记叙文的目的就是记叙一个经过,因此要有头有尾,自始至终,确保内容的完整性。 3. 情节要详略得当。根据主题要求,情节要有详有略,主次分明。情节安排要有一定的先后次序,不能随自己的主观愿望,想起什么就写什么,杂乱无章。通常根据不同情况可采用顺叙、倒、插叙、夹叙夹议方式。 4. 结构要严谨。写出来的文章要连贯、自然、流顺,在连句成篇时,需要按一定的顺序对要点进行加工整理。我们写作时经常采用三种结构方式,一是按时间的推移为顺序安排结构,划分层次,称为时序式结构;二是以空间的变换为标志安排结构,称为空序式结构,这种结构多用于写景状物的文章;三是时空交错结构,以时间为经,以空间为纬的分类结构,将材料按性质加以描述。 5. 观点要一致。写作时观点的掌握特别重要。观点决定所叙述内容的广度和深度。记叙文通常采用第一人称和第三人称两种观点记述。第一人称主要是本人的经
文体分类练(二)——记叙文 1．文体和结构特点：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、地点、事件或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过整篇文章来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。 2．答题误区：记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。 3．阅读策略：阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文章的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线，然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。 (限时28分钟) A (2019·重庆第一次调研)Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average (击球率) in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, Gold Glove Awards twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played. Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea. The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a
中考记叙文阅读专题 一、阅读下面选文，完成1～5题。（17分） 与芦苇相遇 四平 ①与芦苇多次相遇，我总感受到一种无法遏止的精神大美。芦苇是生命的一部分。 ②与芦苇再次相遇，是5月在新疆阿尔泰山腹地的鸭泽湖。鸭泽湖里的芦苇，在纯净的阳光中快速拔节，生长出一片明 润的嫩绿，在高天大地之间展露出悦目的生命表情。清明的 晨光中，飘逸的晨雾里，这片清静无忧的芦苇，不仅呈现出“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”的意象，也使人觉得它们就是山水 间那一往情深的“伊人”了。 ③芦苇实在是平凡的禾草植物，它们既可以扎根在沼泽、 滩涂、湿地，又能够丛生于野塘、湖泊、河沟，无论水色清浊，不管水味酸咸，都可以平静适应而蓬勃向上。
④与芦苇初次相遇，是三年前一个春天，洪泽湖畔。清嫩 的芦苇摇曳在晨风里，摇醒了苇丛中水鸟的梦。从睡梦中醒来的水鸟们，用欢快的呼叫声开始新一天的生活。。 那些茂盛的芦苇，白天是水鸟们表演的幕布和道具，夜晚就成了它们的纱帐与梦床。到了恋爱、成家或生儿育女的时候，芦苇丛便是它们的浪漫花园、温馨婚房或舒适的产房。无数水鸟的生活和爱情故事，就在芦苇的庇护和见证下，一代代地延续着。 ⑤在漫长的岁月里，芦苇营造出一片片生命的家园。 ⑥陪着湿地专家来到黑龙江扎龙湿地保护区，与芦苇第三次相遇。这里是丹顶鹤的故乡。每当游人散去，喧闹过后，丹顶鹤便会在黄昏之际，尽兴地在安谧的家园戏耍欢歌，享受着一天里最安逸、最温情的时光。在它们的生命深处，芦苇不仅仅是嬉戏的乐园、安宁的梦乡，更是生存的依靠。 ⑦生长在草海岸边的一些芦苇，竟然可以长到五六米高，
像竹子一样挺拔、坚劲。这些芦苇在高原灿烂的阳光下，释 放出难以遏制的活力，也在高原冷峭的风里，抖擞着一身的 豪气，不断舒展着坚韧、持久的生命旗帜。 ⑧在很多地方，因为有了芦苇的存在，让人们收获到如同 他乡遇故知一般的踏实和喜悦。西北巴丹吉林沙漠北缘的居延海，同样自然生长着大量的芦苇，大概因为有了它们，这个大漠深处才有了一个安顿心灵的所在。 ⑨与芦苇最近一次相遇，是在一个傍晚，来到颐和园，走 到昆明湖东南角，落日时分，西边的太阳正向绵延的群山滑落，夕阳落在湖面上，一湖碧水变得像一片融金，随着微风 的不停吹拂，闪耀出无数金针般明灭变幻的光线。突然瞥见 靠近湖岸的一丛丛芦苇，还有一束束蓬松的芦花。置身于古 典建筑之间、原本就充满了沧桑感的它们，在被夕阳勾勒出 形态有致的轮廓的同时，又被湖面泛动的光影所晕染．．，悄 然营造出一片温暖而质朴的意境。这些芦苇，在这个布局精
在记叙文阅读中，如何赏析画线句子？ 赏析画线句子是记叙文常考的一种题型，主要考察学生“鉴赏评价”能力，能力层级为D级！在分析之前，需要强调一下“记叙文”和“文学类文本”这两个称呼，关于两者之间的区别，就不在这做详细解释。在小学阶段，我们都是在考“记叙文”，也称作“记叙文”，没毛病！但是到了初中阶段，在阅读理解中，很少单纯地去考记叙文，取而代之的是小说或散文，我们则称之为“文学类文本”，当然，还有地区仍习惯性地称作“记叙文”。到了高中阶段，现代文阅读不再有“记叙文”这一称呼，而是统一称作“文学类文本”。 一【句子赏析考试题型】 翻阅全国各地中高考试卷，得出以下七种题型，如下： 1.请从词语运用的角度赏析句子。 2.请从修辞角度赏析句子。 3.请从人物描写的角度赏析句子。 4.请赏析第X段画线句子。 5.请从表达方式的角度赏析句子。 6.请从表现手法的角度赏析句子。 7.品味下面句子，分析其表达效果。
图一： 二【句子赏析角度】 我们从句子赏析的题型来看，不难发现发现句子赏析的角度，如下： 1.修辞角度：主要有比喻、拟人、排比、夸、通感、反复、反问、设问等等。 2.表达方式角度：表达方式是一个固定概念，它包括记叙、议论、说明、描写和抒情，和表达技巧有着质的不同，需要同学们注意！表达方式的角度，主要还是考察“描写角度”，一般分为两个方面，如下： a.人物描写正面角度：外貌、动作、神态、语言和心理。 侧面角度：烘托 b.环境描写：主要是将环境描写的作用答出来，学生们可以记住四个字“交、渲、推、深”，然后展开描述即可。描写的手法主要有：感官（味觉、触觉、嗅
觉、视觉和听觉）、色彩、层次（高低、上下、远近、外、点面）、借景抒情、托物言志…… 3.表现手法角度：主要有联想、想象、对比、衬托、动静、虚实、象征…… 4.关键词语角度：主要有动词、叠词、副词、形容词、拟声词…… 图二： 三【句子赏析答题步骤】 句子赏析答题步骤如下： 第一步：选角度 第二步：析容 第三步：表情感（根据具体情况，看是否需要表情感，有时不需要）
高中英语阅读专项讲解 ▼要求能力 1、理解语篇主旨大意 2、理解文章具体信息 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义 4、作出简单判断和推理 5、理解文章的基本结构 6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度 ▼题型动态 1、主旨大意题 2、细节理解题 3、词义判断题 4、推断题 5、观点态度题 ●▓主旨大意题 文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结. 虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种： ★ 文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。 但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。 【练一练】 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the
salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. ?Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale. B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers. D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale. 【练一练】 After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional basketball for the Huston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 point s in just one game. ?The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird_____. A. was the named the Most Valuable Player of the Year B. was strong and tall C. was good at shooting baskets D. was the oldest player of the team ●▓细节理解题 这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出： ★ 【练一练】
中考语文记叙文阅读专题训练训练试题整理含答案 一、中考语文记叙文阅读专题训练 1．阅读下面的文章，完成后面小题 最小的星星也闪光 ①潘小锋是个寡言少语、性格内向的学生，瘦削的脸上有着一双透着忧郁却又叛逆的眼睛。他总是喜欢一个人躲着看他的动漫书，偶尔也会在纸上涂鸦着什么，平时很少参与班集体的活动，与班上的其他同学也极少来往，似乎成了被人遗忘的人。 ②那天，我正在神采飞扬地讲着课，学生都安静地听着。突然，原本安静的教室却被一声窃笑搅起了层层波浪。我怒火中烧循声望去，发现是潘小锋的同桌张晓琴在笑。张晓琴发觉我盯着她，不好意思地低下了头。 ③我铁青着脸说：“张晓琴，你笑什么？” ④张晓琴立马站起来小声说：“老师，他在画你——”并用手指着潘小锋课桌上的纸。 ⑤一下子，全班的目光齐刷刷地锁定在我和他的身上，旁边的几个学生猫着身子偷看他的画，也都偷笑起来。我一个箭步过去，一把抢过他的画，圆睁着愤怒的双眼，看着他在画我上课的样子，真是气不打一处来！ ⑥“潘小锋，你给我站到墙角去！”我用强硬的命令口吻叫嚷着。他耷拉着脑袋晃悠悠地走了过去。“上课不听开小差也就算了，竟敢丑化老师，岂有此理！明天叫你家长来。”他仍然低头不语，脸一下子红到了脖子。那堂课是我与他头一回交锋，也是他进入我视线的开始。 ⑦放学后，拿着缴来的画来到办公室，教师应有的品行规范让我平静下来。细细端详他的画，觉得倒十分形象，有几分趣味，心情也渐渐舒展开来。 ⑧第二天，我在办公室静等他和他家长的到来，可是一个上午都没见人影。后来得知他因害怕告诉他父亲实情而挨打，一个人躲进了网吧。知道这一切后我和他父亲一起在一家网吧中找到了他，并把他带回家。 ⑨到他家时天色已晚，天边零星地冒出几颗闪着光亮的星星。他父亲把我让进家门，招呼我：“老师辛苦了！坐一坐，家里太小太乱，不好意思。”我笑笑便坐了下来，环视了一下房间。这是一间不到30平方米的低矮房，墙壁灰暗，摇摆的蛛丝零落地挂在屋角，一些旧式家具零乱地堆放在各处，上面随意堆放着一些图书报刊，看来已许久没整理过了。 ⑩“老师别生气，您喝茶！”我接过茶杯放到桌子上。 ?“你小子净给我惹事，骨头又痒了，想挨揍啊——”他父亲说着就要打他，我连忙制止：“怎么又要打？不是和你说了吗？别总是打孩子。” ?“不是，这野小子自从我和他妈离婚后就没人管，没办法。我也下岗了，一个人忙着照看书摊，难得有时间在家。他要是有空就到我书摊来帮我照看，喜欢看动漫书，没事时也瞎画，我看他有这兴趣就给他报了个绘画班。呵呵——老师，您瞧，这墙上的奖状是他得的奖。” ?我按他指的方向看去，这才注意到墙上贴着好几张奖状。他的书桌上也散落着一些他画的漫画，有各种可爱有趣的人物，惟妙惟肖。我顺手拿起一张来看，这时他父亲迅速地收拾起来，说道：“老师见笑了，小孩子瞎画着玩，上不了台面的。” ?我笑道：“其实，你儿子挺有天赋的，画得不错，他画我的那张我还留着呢，别说，
高考英语记叙文写作方法 导读：记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写，考生应根据写作的要求，灵活掌握，突出重点。 以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，应该注意描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。 以与景为主的记叙文，应该注意景物的主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与物的情感交融。 记叙文写作要点如下： 1. 明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。 2. 一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以下六个问题，即：when?该事发生的时间， where?该事发生的地点，who?人物角色是谁，what?发生的是什么事，why?该事发生的原因，以及how?事件的结果是如何造成的等等。 3. 一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。 4. 写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方
法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序。 记叙文高考指引 记叙文是高考书面表达中比较常用的一种形式。 1)记叙文要写作者比较了解的人或事物。 2)仔细审题，看准题目要求，确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。 3)具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力，叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。 4)写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合，注意衔接词的运用。 5)叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动，具有吸引力，必须请注意词汇的选择，时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性，要与表达的内容一致。 6)叙述的顺序。大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后进行的，但有时也可以采用其它顺序，如倒叙、插叙等。 7)人称。一般说来，记叙文用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。用第一人称叙述的优点是：文章比较生动、形象，使读者有身临其境的感觉，因而加强了故事的真实感和感染力。其缺点是，描写的范围受到
初中语文记叙文阅读 之句子赏析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
赏析某个词语或者句子在表达上的妙处（表达效果） 答题格式： 1、明确用法（修辞、动作、语言、叠词、拟声词、大词小用贬义褒用、褒义贬用等） 2、生动形象地写出了或突出强调了（a物体的特点、状态 b 人物的形象或状态） 3、表达了或表现了（结合作者情感和主旨） 一、从修辞的角度入手。 1、修辞手法 + 内容 + 感情: 答题模式:运用……的修辞手法，写出了……的特点，表达了作者……的思想感情。 2、常见的几种修辞手法: (1)比喻:是根据事物的相似点，用具体的、浅显的、熟知的事物来说明抽象的、深奥的、生疏的事物。作用:将A比作B，生动形象地写出了某某事物的……特征，给人以鲜明深刻的印象，使深奥的道理变得浅显易懂，帮助人们理解。表达了作者……的感情。 (2)拟人:将……人格化，赋予……以人的情态，生动形象地写出了人或事物的……特征，表达了作者……的思想感情。 (3)夸张:突出某某事物的……特征，加强了……感情。给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。 (4)排比:把结构相同或相似、语气一致，意思相关联的三个或三个以上的短语或句子排列在一起。增强了文章的气势，强调突出人或事物的……特点，更加突出要表达的感情。增加感染力、说服力。 (5)反复:增强语气，加强节奏感，强调突出……的内容、感情。 (6)对偶:对仗工整，句式整齐，音韵和谐，读起来朗朗上口。 (7)设问:设悬念，引起读者的思考和注意。 (8)反问:加强语气，增强文章的表达效果，增加文章情感的表达。 3、例子: 简要分析朱自清《春》里优美句子的表达效果: 春天像刚落地的娃娃，从头到脚都是新的，它生长着。 春天像小姑娘，花枝招展的，笑着，走着。
记叙文类文章阅读理解技巧 高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。 要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。 记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。 记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。 记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。 一：顺藤摸瓜。 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以
初中语文记叙文阅读专题训练专题训练答案 一、中考语文记叙文阅读专题训练 1．阅读下面文章，完成小题。 把手 张承志 那一年在玉树的巴塘马场，我骑着一匹河曲走马，在暮色苍茫之际赶路。刚刚十九岁的我，骑着那匹“嘎石德乐”（褐色黑鬃嘴微白），渐渐有一丝不安。我绷紧的神经一直在对付它，而我愈来愈觉出来：我驾驭不了它。 那匹马很凶。显然吃饱了豌豆和豆饼的它盘算着怎么挣脱我。我只能死命拉紧嚼子，但勒得马头高仰，马的脾气更被惹起来了。不得已时我看准地势，在上坡时踩稳夹紧，几次松开缰绳。一霎间马如炮弹，只感到它从胯下蹿出，猛地身下抽空，只剩两脚与马连着。 我死命夹着马腹，踩住脚蹬，风呼呼地灌进耳朵。即便冲向坡上，蹄音仍然密如鼓点，转瞬到了山顶——我倒抽凉气，决死地使劲勒紧马缰，逼它小步走着下山。马头几乎被我扯得转到怀里，若没有嚼铁，我猜它会回头咬我。就这么，它圆睁着眼，神情恐怖，我唯有勒紧缰绳，几乎喘不过气——（A）就在人马角力之间，暮色沉降山峦背后，四野陡然暗了。 马头忽左忽右地挣扎，我着意控缰骑稳，绕过高寒草滩密布的草疙瘩，两膝被潮湿的蒿草唰唰擦着，心里只有一个念头：刚才是朝着那个山凹，后来朝左，又绕向右，回家的方向是…… 迷路以后，马似乎比人更显得急躁。它挣扭着我手里的牛毛缰绳，甩着两个穿着锃亮蹄铁的前脚，狠狠地跺着草地。 ——（B）“噗噗”的两声溅在肩头：好像，要下雨了！我的心一下乱了。一迟疑，手松了，嘎石德乐猛地把头一低，疯狂地挖开铁蹄蹿了出去，若不是鞍子备得牢，我连在鞍子上，它会把我和鞍子都甩在屁股后面——我忙扯缰，已不可能，马劫掠着我，向着空旷草滩嗖嗖驰骋，呼呼的风灌进耳朵。 我想歇息一下，索性放开了它。心里这么一想，力气就抽掉了，我无奈也偷空地放松了姿势，一口气冲过了平川。马跑累了，松开了死咬住的嚼铁，步子也缓和下来。我重新勒缰，昏茫的视野里，隔着一片草疙瘩，前面是一道石头砬子裸露的山梁——那个山梁，我有印象，就在我们帐篷的西边。 我长长嘘了一口气，换个姿势歪坐鞍上。走了两步，突然发现，马打了个响鼻仰起头来，它的前腿，正陷进草地。 蹬着脚蹬的靴子下面，就是黑油油翻起的泥巴。 陷入沼泽，不是别人而是我，正在一丝丝地下陷。丑恶的污泥正挣破草皮，凶险地翻动着从马的膝盖一分分露出头来，我攥着缰绳的手硬了。 恐怖像一个魔鬼抱住了我。我想喊叫，但知道没谁会听。我想下马，但下面是泥潭。我好像从嗓子眼里鸣呜哭了一声，又不觉止住了。只有胯下的狂傲的河曲走马，它呼呼喘着粗气，挣一下，腿拔出来，又停一下，再陷下一点。 我只有竭尽全力，勒住缰绳，嘎石德乐也借着我的拉扯，愤怒地高昂马头，一次次地奋力跃起。
如何写记叙文 记叙文，又称记事文或叙述文，以叙述为主要表达方式。有两种：①记事；②写人。其特点是以事件为依据，对人的先后经历或事件发生的先后过程给予明确的，实事求是的叙述。记叙文通常有六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果。写这类文章时要条理清楚。描写人物时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和重要事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生和发展的过程，以及事情发生的前因后果等。 记叙文常见的形式有：新闻报道、人物介绍、故事、传记、回忆录等。 【例题分析】 请以“My first family holiday”为题写一篇120词左右的记叙文。内容要点如下： 1．上周六我不上课，爸妈也不上班。周五就计划好了，第二天共同出去度假。因为是第一次全家一起度假，所以周五晚上我很兴奋，很晚才入睡。 2．第二天我醒得很早。我们匆匆吃过早饭，带上早已准备好的食物出发了。 3．我们乘出租车来到郊外的小树林。那里早已有了很多来度假的人。 4．我和爸爸妈妈一起唱歌，跳舞，做游戏，一起野餐。午饭过后，爸爸教我钓鱼，我们玩得很开心。 5．太阳落山时，我们往回走。顺便带走了我们制造的垃圾。 【思路点拨】 首先，确定体裁是记叙文。 然后，联系在第三模块里所学的课文，确定以时间和事件为主线。 最后，构思篇章结构。第一段：准备度假；第二段：度假的全过程；最后一段：这次度假的感受或体验。 注意本文的时态要以一般过去时为主。 【学生习作】 My first family holiday Last Saturday, I didn’t go to school, and nor did my parents go to work, so we decided to go on a holiday together. Because it was the first time, I was so excited that I didn’t fall asleep until very late on Friday. On Saturday morning, I woke up very early. We set off immediately after a quick breakfast. We got on a taxi and got off at the edge of a beautiful wood. There had already been many people for a holiday, and we chose a good place looking like a place from anther world. Father, mother and I sang, danced, and played games together happily. When we felt tired, we sat down and had a picnic, eating the food brought from home. After lunch, Father taught me to fish, which I enjoyed very much. When the sun began to set down, we returned, taking along the garbage we made. We had a great time. And what a great holiday! 【点评】 文章作者紧紧围绕外出野餐这一事件，以时间顺序为主，具体描写了全家度假的过程，要点全面，语句通顺易懂，结构紧凑。文中还使用了很多较高级的句型，如so …, that …; … not …until …; There be 结构的过去完成时态；v-ing结构作伴随状语以及感叹句。 ●Q & A名师解惑 Q:在Unit 1 Friendship 中有这样一句：While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 请问句中的While walking the dog是什么用法？ A:在本句中，While walking the dog为“连词+现在分词”构成的省略句。在表示时间、条件、让步和方式的状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同，则可省略从句的主语和部
记叙文阅读专题——赏析句子 题型展示： ①请从修辞的角度赏析下列句子的表达效果。②请联系上下文，品味文中画线句子。 ③请从描写角度赏析下列句子的表达效果。④请结合加点词赏析下列句子的表达效果。 解题思路： ①结合上下文理解：理解句子含意，首先要把句子放在具体的语言环境中去分析。脱离了具体语言环境，句子就如无水之鱼，当然不会表达出生动丰富的意义来。 ②抓住关键词语理解：理解有些句子含意，其实只要抓住其中的关键词语就行了。这些句子一般都不很长，关键是其中个别词语用得别致，有特色，使整个句子也显得非同一般。 ③根据修辞手法理解：如运用了比喻、象征、借代等修辞，就根据语境找出“本体”，揭示出形象的含义即可。反语修辞则反向分析含义。 ④根据表达方式理解： 描写句：根据语境，分析出描写对象的特征和意义。 抒情句：联系全文情感，结合语境，分析出句子所表达的情感。 议论句：联系全文主旨，结合语境，分析出句子所表达的基本意思。 ★答题模式： ①句式特点+突出（强调）……内容+表达效果（好处）。 ②修辞手法+内容+效果修辞手法+内容+效果（表意效果和语言效果）。 ③此句运用……描写，表现了（刻画了）……，准确或生动或形象或富有情趣…… 修辞手法的作用 实践训练 一只鹭鸶
陈昕巨 ①童年的一个雪天，我们被饥饿困扰，家里委实找不到一点可以吃的东西。我和母亲以及还在襁褓之中的弟弟最大的愿望，就是等待父亲回来，他是到湖滩上挖野荸荠去了。虽然我们明白，这么大的雪，天又特别冷，湖滩肯定是冻住的，但我们依然充满希望地等待着。那种时候，能够充饥的东西，惟有等待和希望。 ②中午以后，父亲的身影才在我们久久等待的视野中出现。当他裹着一阵冷风走进门来的时候，我看见他摊着双手，怀里竟抱着一只鸟。父亲说，那是只冻得快要死了的鹭鸶，在雪地里，一伸手就逮住了它。 ③父亲把鹭鸶放到地上，它浑身颤抖，连站都站不稳。我蹲下来抚摸它的羽毛，它并不害怕，它是连害怕的力气也没有了。它的眼睛水滋滋的，似是泪，浮着那种招人怜悯的微光。在这种冰雪封冻的天气，这只鹭鸶真的太可怜了。 ④我感到了一阵袭来的饥饿，就抬起头来问父亲：“挖到野荸荠了吗？我饿。” 父亲眼里掠过一丝无奈：“地冻得实在硬，刨不动。”说着他将目光移向母亲：“把这只鹭鸶杀吃了吧，孩子太饿。” ⑤母亲显得十分犹豫，她信佛，从不杀生。衣服上落只虫子，也轻轻掸掉，不肯碾死，何况要杀这样一只可怜的鹭鸶呢？ ⑥“不，不能杀它，它太可怜了。”我大声说。 ⑦父亲说：“我们没有吃的，你不是很饿吗？” ⑧“我不饿，一点也不饿，你别杀它。”我赶忙说。 ⑨“它快饿死了，我们没东西喂它，它反正是要饿死的。”父亲坚持着。 ⑩“不，我喂它，它不会死。”我护住鹭鸶，扳开它的长喙，撮了些唾液吐进去，鹭鸶缩动长脖子，贪婪地吞咽着。 ?见我如此，母亲就说：“别喂了，口水喂不活它，我们不杀它了。” ?我把鹭鸶放到一只旧竹筐里，筐里垫了些干草。我想着等到天晴，鹭鸶能够觅食的时候，就把它带到湖滩去放了。 ?那是最难熬的一夜，两天没吃进一点食物的胃先是疼痛，接着似火烧火燎，以后就麻木了，身上一阵一阵地渗冷汗。我朦胧中觉得夜里母亲不止一次到我床边，伸手摸摸我的额头，然后，就小声的叹息。 ?天刚亮，母亲摇醒我，说：“快起来，鹭鸶死了，是饿死的。” ?我来不及穿衣就跑到竹筐边，鹭鸶真的死了，倒在干草上面，脖子垂向一边。 ?母亲烧了些开水，将鹭鸶冲烫了几下，拨了羽毛，然后剖开肚子，将内脏扒出来洗净。那只可怜的鹭鸶的胃囊里，除了几粒玛瑙色的砂粒之外，什么也没有。它大概也已经饿了好多天。 (17)鹭鸶自己死了，我们吃它便心安理得。鹭鸶太瘦，肉很少，母亲就烧了半锅汤，每人一小碗。 (18)那是我们家的一顿美餐。 (19)许多年以后，我仍忘不了那只鹭鸶，是它救了我们，让我们一家渡过了难关。鹭鸶被我们吃了的第二天雪就停了，天气转暖，第三天，父亲就从湖滩上挖回了一些野荸荠。 (20)后来，我们长大了，母亲年老了。那年她身染重病，临终之前喊我到床边，说：“记得那年大雪天的那只鹭鸶吗？是我扭断了它的脖子，我是罪过太深啊……”我这才知道事情的真相：我的连走路也不肯踩死虫蚁的善良的母亲，不忍心让我们挨饿，竟亲手杀死了一只鹭鸶！几十年来，她的心因此默默地承
高三年级二轮复习阅读理解部分专题之记叙文 主备人：李甜云 一．记叙文 记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要手法，以记人、叙事为主要内容的文章。 1传记 传记属记叙文的一种，是用来记载人物生平事迹的文章。在教学过程中，教师要指导学生通过时间和事件的关系把握文章的主线。此类体裁的文章通常被分为四部分，即A. childhood years B. early manhood C. great achievement D. remarks。教师应当引导学生按照下列主线来理解传记类文章：人物→时间与事件→成功/成就/信仰→评价。这样使学生在准确地理解课文的同时，也能学到传记类文章的写作方法。 2故事类 故事类文章也是记叙文的一种。文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。此类篇章情节性较强，教师可指导学生按照事件叠加、情节逐步展开的特点和解决问题，以人物一系列动作为线索的显著特征进行略读，即可以较快地获得篇章的主要信息。然后，教师再引导学生按照situation→problem→actions→conclusion迅速、准确地理解和掌握文章的细节。 二．“八字诀”：综观理脉检索整合 一、综观——握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。 二、理脉——分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。