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中国政府部门英文缩写

中国政府部门英文缩写
中国政府部门英文缩写

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From: lijunjiwoaini@https://www.doczj.com/doc/142746773.html,

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Date: Sun, 11 Nov 2007 20:46:40 +0800

中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC

中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC

中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC

中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC

中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC

中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC

中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC

中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC

中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC

中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC

中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC

中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC

中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC

中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC

中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC

中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC

中央党校Party School of the CPC

中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC

中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC

中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC

中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration 中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC

to have a crush on (someone);

to feel an instant magnetism;

to catch one‘s eyes;to hit it off;

to have the hots for (someone);

to be attracted to each other.

这些片语,都是描写男女间互相倾慕,两情相悦,有吸引力或一见锺情。

例如:

* He (she) has a crush on her (him) (他对她十分爱慕) 。

* He felt an instant magnetism when their eyes met. (他们见面时,他立即感到磁性般的吸住)。

意指女的外表吸引; 如果是she felt ……那么就是指男的外表吸引。

* A nice-looking girl caught his eye.(漂亮的妞儿吸住)。注意:不用eyes。

* He was introduced to a pretty woman and they seem to hit it off immediately.(他被介绍给一位漂亮女子後,他们似乎就一见锺情)。或

* They were attracted to each other the moment their eyes met.

* When he met her, he had the hots for her.(当他见到她,他就对她爱慕不已。)(多半指sexual attraction。)

例如说,女对男的没有兴趣,那么也可以说:

* She did not feel any attraction toward him.(她对他毫无兴趣); 或

* He is the man for whom she feels no attraction, catch or no catch.(不管他的条件好或坏,她对他就是没有兴趣)。

这里的catch,可指财富、地位、名望和外表。

to be a lady‘s man (或ladies‘man);

to be a prince on a white horse;

to be a casanova;

to be a womanizer.

这些都是指男人英俊潇洒,作风奔放,野性旺盛,喜欢在「女人窝」里。例如:

* Mr. Lin has been considered a prince on a white horse.(林先生被认为是白马王子。)这是中古时代女子对男人的梦中理想,然而现在也有老外认为美男子应该是:全身盔甲灿烂光辉的王子。

* He is a prince in a shining armour.(动词时态:shine, shone 或shined。)

* Many people think that Mr. Smith is a real lady‘s man.(或 a real womanizer)(许多人认为史密斯先生喜欢在女人窝里。)

*As a casanova, he has many girl friends.(由於他是美男子,他有许多女友。)

(Casanova 是意大利人,据说是顶尖的美男子,他的全名是:Casanova de seingalt Giovanni Giacomo 在此casanova 被当做普通名词,故c 不必大写。

如果形容男人外表魅惑力大,能使女人「如饥似渴」般崇拜他,也可以说:

* He has melted her down and made her knees buckle.(他把她溶化了,使她拜倒他的西装裤下)。

这句话老外通常不用在男人身上,也许因为男子应该比较坚强些吧!或且说:

* So many women swarmed him like bees to the honey.(许多女人看到他,就像一群蜜蜂见到蜜那样蜂拥而至。)

倘若说:……like flies to the garbage 指像一群苍蝇喜欢垃圾那样,当然就不是恭维了。

to be a beauty queen; to be a dream boat;

to be a cutie; to be a babe;

to be a fox.

这些都是形容女人漂亮,曲线玲珑,身材曼妙,挥身性感或散发一种性感的野性。

例如:

* She is a beauty queen.(= very beautiful)

* She is a cutie.(= pretty and attractive)(漂亮迷人)

* She is a dream boat.(= ideal type of woman)(理想女人)

* She is a babe.(= very beautiful and attractive)

* She is a fox.(= She is a foxy lady = She is sexy.)(她很性感)。

注意:如果说:She is as sneaky(或cunning)as a fox. 又是指她像狐狸一样的狡猾。

假如女人能使男人拜倒她的石榴裙下或神魂颠倒那么就能说:

* Her beauty (attraction)has caused his knees to shake. (或to quiver)(她的漂亮迷人使他膝部发抖)。或

* She made him feel up there in the clouds.

(= on clouds nine = on the top of the world)(她使他神魂颠倒,飘飘然如仙。)

其实,所谓「情人眼里出西施」(Beauty is in the eyes of beholder),世上的美或丑,只是主观的看法而已。

to fall in love with (someone);

to fall head over heels in love; to love (someone)from head to toe.

都是指男欢女爱,沉溺情海,或是爱得晕头转向。

例如:

* They have fallen in love with each other for years.(他们相爱多年)。(动词时态:fall, fell, fallen)

* He fell head over heels in love with her.

(= He fell for her head over heels = He is head over-heels in love with her.)(他与她沉溺情海,爱得晕头转向。)多半指很快落入情海。

* He loves her from head to toe.(他从头到脚地爱她)。多指经过较长时间後才热恋, 或* He falls madly in love with her.

至於男女热恋时「目中无人」或「形影不离」,也可以说:

* They are two peas in a pod. (他们像豆荚里的两粒豆子--即形影不离。)

* They only have eyes for each other(and forget the entire world.)(世界上似乎只有他们两个人。)

bittern, said: "I'm a bitter biter bit, alack!"

A bloke's back bike brake block broke.

A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits.

A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

A flea and a fly were trapped in a flue, and they tried to flee for their life. The flea said to the fly "Let's flee!" and the fly said to the flea "Let's fly!" Finally both the flea and fly managed to flee through a flaw in the flue.

A laurel-crowned clown!

A lusty lady loved a lawyer and longed to lure him from his laboratory.

A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

A pleasant place to place a plaice is a place where a plaice is pleased to be placed.

A skunk sat on a stump. The skunk thought the stump stunk, and the stump thought the skunk stunk.

A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk,but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.

A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.

A tree toad loved a she-toad who lived up in a tree. He was a two-toed tree toad but a three-toed toad was she. The two-toed tree toad tried to win the three-toed she-toad's heart, for the two-toed tree toad loved the ground that the three-toed tree toad trod. But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain. He couldn't please her whim. From her tree toad bower with her three-toed power the she-toad vetoed him.

A tutor who tooted a flute tried to tutor two tooters to toot. Said the two to their tutor, "Is it harder to toot or to tutor two tooters to toot?"

All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot, you can believe it or not, but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot. Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me. If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot, I'll have a cup of tea!

Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts, he thrusts his fist against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.

Are our oars oak?

A Finnish fisher named Fisher failed to fish any fish one Friday afternoon and finally he found out a big fissure in his fishing-net.

A snow-white swan swiftly to catch a slowly-swimming snake in a lake.

A writer named Wright was instructing his little son how to write Wright right. He said: "It is not right to write Wright as 'rite'---try to write Wright aright!"

A tall eastern girl named Short long loved a big Mr. Little. But Little, thinking little of Short, loved a little lass named Long. To belittle Long. Short announced She would marry Little before long. This caused Little shortly to marry Long. To make a long story short, did tall Short love big Little less because Little loved little Long more?

Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.

Betty beat a bit of butter to make a better batter.

Betty better butter Brad's bread.

Black bugs' blood.

Brad's big black bath brush broke.

Bright blows the broom on the brook's bare brown banks.

Brisk brave brigadiers brandished broad bright blades, blunderbusses, and bludgeons - balancing them badly.

Betty Botter had some butter, "But," she said, "this butter's bitter. If I bake this bitter butter, it would make my batter bitter. But a bit of better butter -- that would make my batter better."

Bob bought a big bag of buns to bait the bears' babies.

Bill's big brother is building a beautiful building between two big brick blocks.

C.

Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?

Cedar shingles should be shaved and saved.

Cheap ship trip.

Cheryl's chilly cheap chip shop sells Cheryl's cheap chips.

Chop shops stock chops.

Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.

D.

Diligence dismisseth despondency.

Don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.

Double bubble gum bubbles double.

Dust is a disk's worst enemy.

E.

Ed had edited it.

F.

Flash message!

Flee from fog to fight flu fast.

Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.

Freshly fried fresh flesh.

Freshly-fried flying fish.

Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks.

Fuzzy wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy wuzzy wasn't fuzzy. Was he?

G.

Gertie's great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar.

Girl gargoyle, guy gargoyle.

Give me the gift of a grip top sock: a drip-drape, ship-shape, tip-top sock.

Give Mr. Snipa's wife's knife a swipe.

Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.

Good blood, bad blood.

Greek grapes.

H.

He thrusts his fists against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts.

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

I.

I am not the pheasant plucker, I'm the pheasant plucker's mate. I am only plucking pheasants 'cause the pheasant plucker's running late.

I cannot bear to see a bear bear down upon a hare. When bare of hair he strips the hare, Right there I cry, "Forbear!"

I correctly recollect Rebecca MacGregor's reckoning.

I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.

I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit. Upon the slitted sheet, I sit.

I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.

I wish you were a fish in my dish.

If Stu chews shoes, should Stu choose the shoes he chews?

If you notice this notice you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.

If a shipshape ship shop stocks six shipshape shop-soiled ships, how many shipshape shop-soiled ships would six shipshape ship shops stock?

Irish wristwatch.

Is there a pleasant peasant present?

Is this your sister's sixth zither, sir?

J.

Just think, that sphinx has a sphincter that stinks!

K.

Knapsack straps.

Knife and a fork, bottle and a cork, that is the way you spell New Y ork.

L.

Lily ladles little Letty's lentil soup.

Listen to the local yokel yodel.

Lovely lemon liniment.

M.

Meet Sir Cecil Thistlethwaite, the celebrated theological statistician.

Mix, Miss Mix!

Moose noshing much mush.

Moses supposes his toeses are roses, but moses supposes erroneously. For moses, he knowses his

toeses aren't roses as moses supposes his toeses to be!

Mrs. Smith's Fish Sauce Shop.

My dame hath a lame tame crane. My dame hath a crane that is lame.

Mr. Cook said to a cook: "Look at this cook-book. It's very good." So the cook took the advice of Mr. Cook and bought the book.

N.

Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.

O.

Of all the felt I ever felt, I never felt a piece of felt which felt as fine as that felt felt, when first I felt that felt hat's felt.

Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos.

Once upon a barren moor there dwelt a bear, also a boar. The bear could not bear the boar. The boar thought the bear a bore. At last the bear could bear no more of that boar that bored him on the moor, and so one morn he bored the boar - that boar will bore the bear no more.

One smart fellow, he felt smart. Two smart fellows, they felt smart. Three smart fellows, they all felt smart.

One-One was a racehorse. Two-Two was one, too. When One-One won one race, Two-Two won one, too.

P.

Pacific Lithograph.

Peggy Babcock.

Plague-bearing prairie dogs.

Please pay promptly.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper prepared by his parents and put them in a big paper plate.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Q.

Quick kiss. Quicker kiss.

R.

Real weird rear wheels.

Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry.

Robin Redbreast's bad breath.

S.

Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.

Sarah sitting in her sitting room, all she does is sits and shifts, all she does is sits and shifts.

Say this sharply, say this sweetly, Say this shortly, say this softly. Say this sixteen times in succession.

Selfish shellfish.

She said she should sit.

She sees cheese.

She sells seashells by the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells.

She sifted thistles through her thistle-sifter.

Sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack. Sheep should sleep in a shed.

Shelter for six sick scenic sightseers.

Shredded Swiss cheese.

Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets.

Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep. The seven silly sheep Silly Sally shooed shilly-shallied south. These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack; sheep should sleep in a shed.

Silly sheep weep and sleep.

Six sharp smart sharks.

Six shimmering sharks' sharply striking shins.

Six short slow shepherds.

Six slippery snails, slid slowly seaward.

Six sticky sucker sticks.

Six twin screwed steel steam cruisers.

Six thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick.

"Surely Sylvia swims!" shrieked Sammy, surprised. "Someone should show Sylvia some strokes so she shall not sink."

So she bought a bit of butter,

better than her bitter butter,

and she baked it in her batter,

and the batter was not bitter.

So 'twas better Betty Botter

bought a bit of better butter.

T.

Thank the other three brothers of their father's mother's brother's side.

The blue bluebird blinks.

The cat catchers can't catch caught cats.

The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw liver.

The epitome of femininity.

The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.

The soldiers shouldered shooters on their shoulders.

The sun shines on shop signs.

The two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel.

There was cinnamon in the aluminum pan.

Thieves seize skis.

Three gray geese in the green grass grazing. Gray were the geese and green was the grass.

Tim, the thin twin tinsmith.

Tiny orangutan tongues!

Toy boat. Toy boat. Toy boat.

Tragedy strategy.

U.

Unique New Y ork.

Urgent detergent!

W.

We surely shall see the sun shine soon.

Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?

While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.

Who washed Washington's white woollen underwear when Washington's washer woman went west?

Will you, William?

Where is the watch I put in my pocket to take to the shop because it had stopped?

Y ou sent me your bill, Berry,

Before it was due, Berry;

Y our father, the elder Berry,

Isn't such a goose, Berry.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: lijunjiwoaini@https://www.doczj.com/doc/142746773.html, Subject: Date: Sun, 11 Nov 2007 20:46:40 +0800 中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC 中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC 中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC 中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC 中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC 中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC 中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC 中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC 中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC 中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC 中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC 中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC 中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC 中央党校Party School of the CPC 中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC 中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC 中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC 中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration 中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC to have a crush on (someone); to feel an instant magnetism; to catch one‘s eyes;to hit it off; to have the hots for (someone); to be attracted to each other. 这些片语,都是描写男女间互相倾慕,两情相悦,有吸引力或一见锺情。 例如: * He (she) has a crush on her (him) (他对她十分爱慕) 。 * He felt an instant magnetism when their eyes met. (他们见面时,他立即感到磁性般的吸住)。 意指女的外表吸引; 如果是she felt ……那么就是指男的外表吸引。

中国的特色英文翻译

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中国国家机构英文名

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Personnel人事部 Public Security公安部 Railways铁道部 Science and Technology科技部 State Security安全部 Supervision监察部 Water Resources水利部 Commissions National Development and Reform Commission国家发展和改革委员会 Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会 State Ethnic Affairs Commission民族事务委员会 State Population and Family Planning Commission中国人口与计划生育委员会 State Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission 国务院国有资产监督管理委员会 Other People's Bank of China中国人民银行 National Audit Office国家审计署 Organs Directly Under the State Council国务院直属机构 General Administration of Customs中国海关总署 State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局 State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家工商行政管理总局State Environmental Protection Administration国家环境保护总局General Administration of the Civil Aviation of China中国民航总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家广播电影电视总局 State General Administration of Sport国家体育总局 National Bureau of Statistics国家统计局 State Forestry Administration国家林业局

中国政府部门英文翻译

中国人民团体,协会名称英译 测绘学会Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震学会Seismological Society 国际金融学会International Finance Society 国际战略问题学会Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋学会Society of Oceanography 科普学会Popular Science Society 全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会Na t’l Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全国少年儿童工作协调委员会Nat’l Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全国史学会China Society of History 宋庆龄基金会Song Ching Ling Foundation 中国奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee 中国笔会中心Chinese Pen Centre 中国标准化协会China Association for Standardization 中国残疾人福利基金会China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中国出版协会Chinese Publishers Association 中国道教协会Chinese Taoist Association 中国电视艺术家协会Chinese Television Artists Association 中国电影家协会China Film Association 中国法律质询中心Chinese Legal Consultancy Centre 中国法律会China Law Society 中国翻译工作者协会Translators Association of China 中国佛教协会Chinese Buddhists Association 中国福利会China Welfare Institute 中国歌剧研究会Chinese Opera Research Institute 中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China 中国国际法学会Chinese Society of International Law 中国国际交流协会Association for Int’l Understanding of China 中国红十字会总会Red Cross Society of China 中国会计学会China Accounting Society 中国基督教“三自”爱国运动委员会 ThreeSelf Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中国基督教协会China Christian Council 中国计量测试学会Chinese Society for Measurement 中国金融学会Chinese Monetary Society 中国考古协会Archaeological Society of China 中国科学技术史学会Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中国科学技术协会China Society and Technology Association 中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会 Nat’l Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中国联合国协会United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中国美术家协会Chinese Artists Association 中国民间文艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中国企业管理协会China Enterprise Management Association

完整word版,中国特色美食地道英语翻译

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中国政府机构名称的英文翻译

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政府机构中英文对照

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30个中国特色表达的官方翻译

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政府部门及职位翻译一览

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中共中央总书记General Secretary,the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委Member,Standing Committee of Political Bureau,the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员Member,Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记Member,secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员Member,Central Committee 候补委员Alternate Member… 省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记secretary,Party Leadership Group 中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President,the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman,National People's Congress 秘书长Secretary-General 主任委员Chairman委员Member (地方人大)主任Chairman,Local People's Congress 人大代表Deputy to the People's Congress 国务院总理Premier,State Council 国务委员State Councilor秘书长Secretary-General (国务院各委员会)主任Minister in Charge of Commission for (国务院各部)部长Minister 部长助理Assistant Minister 司长Director 局长Director

中国政府部门常见英语词汇

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alternate member of the political bureau 政治局候补委员 standing committee of the political bureau 政治局常务委员会 member of the standing committee of the political bureau 政治局常委 secretariat of the central committee 中央书记处 general secretary 总书记 central commission for discipline inspection 中央纪律检查委员会 military commission of the central committee 中央军事委员会 international liaison department 对外联络部 organization department 组织部 united front work department 统战部 propaganda department 宣传部 state president 国家主席 president of prc 中华人民共和国主席 vice president of prc 中华人民共和国副主席 national people's congress 全国人民代表大会 standing committee 常务委员会 chairman 委员长 vice chairpersons 副委员长

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怎样把中国的这些特色词汇翻译成英文让外国人懂 中文摘要 中国特色词汇是中国英语研究中相当重要的一部分。中国特色词汇是表达中国文化中的特有事物,其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵,当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候,这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所接受的呢?本文将以中国特 色词汇翻译成英文为例,介绍了一些中国特色词汇的被译成英语的方法,它们分别是音译、直译、意译等,通过这些方法可使大家基本了解中国特色词汇在英语交际是怎样被转换并被使用的,逐渐融合进传统英语中的,以满足人们日常生活中用英语交流的需要。除此之外,还将浅谈中国特色词汇所对应的特别的英文词汇出现的原因之一:中西文化差异造成的词汇空缺。并对文化差异进行细分详细阐述。还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。 关键词:中国特色词汇;文化差异;翻译 Chinese Culture-loaded Words and Translation Abstract Chinese culture-loaded words are becoming increasingly important in the study of China English. Chinese culture-loaded words refer to the uniqueness of Chinese items, and of course, contain the connotation of Chinese culture. With the wide spread of Chinese culture to the world, how can they be understood and accepted by foreigners accurately in translation? The paper, by giving a good number of examples, introduces some methods of translating Chinese culture-loaded words, including transliteration, literal translation, free translation and so on. These methods help to understand how Chinese culture-loaded words are transformed into and used in English, and how they gradually integrate into the traditional English and satisfy the demand of communication in English. In addition, the paper is to expose in detail lexical gap caused by cultural differences between the East and the West. Furthermore, it also offers some views on the prospect of the spread of Chinese culture-loaded in English-speaking countries. Key words: Chinese culture-loaded words; culture differences; translation

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