高三英语学科二轮语法专题复习教师辅导教案
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
Daily expressions
1. Allow me．让我来。
2. Be quiet! 安静点!
3. Cheer up! 振作起来!
4. Good job! 做得好!
5. Have fun! 玩得开心!
6. How much? 多少钱?
7. I'm full．我饱了。
8. I'm home．我回来了。
9. I'm lost．我迷路了。
10. My treat．我请客。
11. So do I．我也一样。
12. This way。这边请。
13. After you．您先。
14. Bless you! 祝福你!
15. Follow me．跟我来。
批注：上面是一些常用日常生活交际英语，帮助学生拓展口语知识。右边是《生活大爆炸》剧照，《生活大爆炸》是由查克·洛尔和比尔·普拉迪创作的一出美国情景喜剧，在2007年9月24日由哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）推出。此剧由华纳兄弟电视公司和查克·洛尔制片公司共同制作，讲述的是一个美女和四个科学家的故事，2011年续拍第五季。2009年8月，该剧赢得了电视评论协会（TCA）最佳喜剧系列奖，吉姆·帕森斯亦赢得了喜剧类的个人奖项。
Step2:一、分词
1、定义：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副
词的特征。
2、基本形式：现在分词由动词原型加ing 构成，为了区别动名词doing ，我们用v-ing 表示； 过去分词我们用done 表示，或者用v-ed 形式表示。
二、分词的句法功能
1、两个基本特点：
1）在时间上现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
a developing country 一个发展中国家 （a developed country 一个发达国家）
boiling water 沸腾的水 ( boiled water 白开水) rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 （risen sun 升起的太阳）
2）在语态上现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。
the ruling class 统治阶级 the ruled class 被统治阶级
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 the exploited class 被剥削阶级
2、句法功能： 分词句法功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 v-ing/v-ed
★
★
★
★
1）作表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态。 The basketball match was exciting. We are excited at the good news.
The book is interesting. I’m interested in it.
考点：区别由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词，常见的这类词有：
对比 对比
对比
exciting/excited; moving/moved; frightening/frightened;
tiring/tired; surprising/surprised; astonishing/astonished; satisfying/satisfied; disappointing/disappointed; interesting/interested pleasing/pleased; inspiring/inspired
2）作定语：现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语。
现在分词表示：①主动；②进行；③所修饰词的性质和特征
过去分词表示：①被动；②完成；③所修饰词的性质和特征
The man standing there is our headmaster. 站在那里的人
The fire destroyed the house built by his father last night. 他父亲修的房子
falling leaves 正在下掉的树叶
fallen leaves 掉到地上的树叶
1）不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动；如例句中的fallen leaves.
2）分词作定语时，常可以转换为相应的定语从句；如：
The meeting held yesterday is important.
= The meeting which was held yesterday is important.
3）单个分词作定语通常放在所修饰词之前，分词短语作定语通常放在所修饰词之后；
4）现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语动词所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来；另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语；
Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (×)
改为：Here is Mr. Li who has come from Beijing.
Those having finished their work can go home now. （×）
改为：Those who have finished their work can go home now.
The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. （×）
改为：The man who gave us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning.
5）系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示；
Those being busy don’t have to go. (×)
改为：Those who are busy don’t have to go.
His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (×)
改为：His brother who is a PLA man is 18 years old.
6）不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句；
The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (×)
改为：The lion that died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion.
3）作状语：分词（短语）作状语时，常位于句首（也可位于句末），并用逗号隔开。分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语；此时分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语
态的一致性。所以用现在分词还是过去分词
一要看分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间的主被动关系。
二要看分词所表示的动作与谓语动作之间的时间先后关系。
口诀：主动用-ing，被动用-ed；若被动为完成或进行时，要用现在分词被动形式别忘记。
① _________ （see）from the top of the hill, we could see a beautiful city.
② _________ （see）from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful.
【答案】①Seeing；②Seen
1）过去分词作时间状语，有时可在前面加上连词when或while来强调时间概念。
2）过去分词作条件状语，有时可在前面加上if来强调条件概念。
【例句】
Hearing the news, he became worried and scared.
The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
Given another chance, he will do better.
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
4）作宾补：现在分词和过去分词都可以用在“vt + 宾语+ 宾补”结构中作宾补。这时我们要分析宾语和宾补之间的关系。
①用现在分词表示两者存在主动关系和动作正在进行；
②用过去分词表示存在被动关系；
I saw Tom beating someone. 我看见汤姆正在打人。（主动，进行）
I saw Tom beaten by someone. 我看见汤姆被人打了。（被动）
1）能用现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, watch, notice, find以及have, keep, set, leave等。
2）能用过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, watch, notice, find以及have, keep, make, leave等。
3、分词的时态和语态：
以make为例及物动词make 不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式making being made going
完成式having made having been made having gone
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.
Having finished his homework, he went out.
Having received the invitation, he went there happily.
He is the man giving you the money. = He is the man who gave you the money.
He is the man stopped by the car. = He is the man who was stopped by the car.
= As it is very hot, we decided to go swimming.
Night falling, we hurried home.
= As night fell, we hurried home.
2）某些分词短语作独立成分时，用来解释整个句子，这时可以不受上面所讲的限制。它们已经形成固定表达。
如：generally speaking, considering everything, supposing, judging from等。
Generally speaking, boys are bolder than girls.
Supposing we lose, what shall we do?
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.
5、区别动名词与现在分词：
动名词与现在分词形式相同，都是由动词原型加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外，现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具
有名词特征。这种特征表现为句法功能的不同。现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、状
语和补语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。因此，现在分词与动名词的
区别方法如下：
1）如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词：
Hearing the news, he got very excited. （hearing作时间状语）
I saw him going upstairs. （going作宾语补足语）
2）如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语，那么它一定是动名词：
Studying English is our task. （studying作主语）
He likes playing football. （playing作宾语）
3）如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词：
区别方法：如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；
如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。His work is repairing bikes. = Repairing bikes is his work. (repairing为动名词)
The novel is interesting. （本句中表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词）
4）如果-ing形式在句中充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词：
区分方式：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing形式
就是动名词。
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping （sleep与car没有逻辑主谓关系）
a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping （sleep与boy有逻辑主谓关系）
典型例题
Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on your feet.
A. to keep
B. keeping
C. having kept
D. to have kept
【解析】B.本题考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C 项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on your feet同时进行，故选B。
The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
A.rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
【解析】B.本题考查非谓语动词。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出。Rise为不及物动词。非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词动作同时发生，用doing做定语。
at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking
B. Look
C. To look
D. Looked
【解析】A.本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：我看了看同学们的面孔，从他们的眼睛里我看到了同样的兴奋感。look 与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking.
I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised
B. to be advertised
C. advertising
D. having advertised
【解析】A.本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position肯定是被advertise，所以用过去分词作定语。此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised.
（建议12 分钟）
24. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
34. ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
28．The flowers sweet in the garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A．smell B．smelt C．smelling D．to be smelt
31．for his expert advice, John is often asked to help others with their personal affairs.
A．Having known B．Being known
C．Known D．Knowing
33．Unless you have planted something, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted .
A．grown B．growing C．to grow D．to be grown
26．They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition, ______ to achieve a big success．
A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope
35．The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _____ have attracted the government's attention．A．solving B．solve C．solved D．to solve
31．In summer, food will go bad if in room temperature.
A．leaving B．left C．being left D．having left
30．Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers to her mother on her birthday.
A．send B．sent C．sending D．being sent
33．the address, Tom sent the email to his teacher.
A．Having checked B．Checked C．Being checked D．To check
26．A few days after the interview．I received a letter me admission to the university.
A．offering B．offered
C．having offered D．to be offered
33. Many of the students who hope to enter the university will be disappointed because only one third ______ for admission will be accepted.
A. apply
B. to apply
C. applied
D. applying
26. Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when _____ on the Internet by millions of people.
A. to read
B. reading
C. read
D. being read
27．The tea house situated near platform 6 is now offering free cups of tea to those ____ for the Xi'an train．A．waiting B．wait C．to wait D．waited
25．With the victory at the French Open, Li Na has reached NO．4 in the world,
______ the previous Asian record．
A．equaled B．equaling
C．to have equaled D．having equaled
答案：ABCDB BCBBA ADABD CDCAA ADCAB
Step3：课堂小结
1、分词的定义及基本形式？
_______________________________
2、分词的两个基本特点？
_______________________________
3、分词的句法功能？
_______________________________
4、现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别？
_______________________________
5、分词作状语时，怎样判定用现在分词还是过去分词？
_______________________________
6、分词在“vt + 宾语+ 宾补”结构中作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间有何种关系？
_______________________________
7、根据分词的时态、语态完成下列表格
以make为例及物动词make 不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式
完成式
8、分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，采用何种结构？
_______________________________
9、如何区别动名词与现在分词？
_______________________________
高考英语动词的过去式和过去分词不规则 变化表
动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化表1.AAA式： hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] t] t] put[p put[p read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 2.AAB式： 3.ABA式： 4.ABB式： （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 :n] burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd] :d] :d] :n] :nt] :nt]
n]/shined n]/shined smell[smel] smelled/smelt[smelt] （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 （3）原形→ought→ought (4)原形→aught→aught （5）变其中一个元音字母 found[fa found[fa t] got/gotten['tn] ?held[held] lead[li:d]
t] t] spit/spat[sp?t] spit/spat[sp?t] （6）原形→lt/pt/ft (7)其他 stood[st understood[,'st understood[,'st st,l lost[l st,l had[h?d,h had[h?d,h ? ?ld] ld] 5.ABC式：（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n ? drive[dra I v] I vn] drew[dru:] ?'ɡ?'ɡ
mistaken[m 'st threw[θru:] d] dn] :] I t] （2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n z] ??zn] t] got/gotten['ɡtn] hid[h I d] dn] t] tn] l] l? (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 （4）其他
高三英语专项训练----语法填空 （1）(Topic: ) Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out 16 _______ they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed 17 ___ very large stone. Then he 18____ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, 19____ he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.20 ______ man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone but did not tried to remove 21______. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 22 _______ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark. Some neighbors will come along later 23 _____ the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 24 ________ (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 25 ________ the stone，he found a bag of money. （2）(Topic: ) The best gift I ever received is the parents that were given to me. I could not have picked out 16 _______ (good) parents myself. My mom is smart，funny，and very artistic. She loves painting and encouraging other people to paint as well. She owns 17______ own book and art store. And at night she teaches adult 18 ________ (educate). She helps kids 19 _________ have dropped out of high school 20 _________ (get) their diploma. She always has time for me and my brothers. She hardly ever gets mad 21 ______ us and loves doing new things with us，22 _____ going to a new museum or going out onto the beach in the middle of the winter and taking pictures at the beach in the snow. My dad knows 23 _____ to fix anything and loves to play musical instruments. He helps me with my science projects and other school projects. He works hard to make money for our family and hardly ever complains. He loves skating with me and 24______ (build) us a half pipe and other cool things. So I have to say that 25 _______ gift I’m most grateful for is the one the God gave me—my parents. （3）(Topic: ) Sometimes Chinese English teachers are puzzled by such questions，“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension?” Actually，many of the teachers can’t give students 16 ___ efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway，17 _____ often simply say，“Read more and practise more，and you 18 ______ (get) more experience in reading comprehension.” Frankly, these teachers’ good 19_________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students’ interest in reading 20 ____ not helpful to deal wit h the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally，I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 21 ______ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles，the science of reading 22 ______understanding may have a close relationship with writing.
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
高考英语过去分词典型试题 1. Many students have got _______ of the same food in the dinning hall. They say they need a change. A. tired B. tiring C. to tire D. tires 2. The results of the experiment were so ______ that both the teacher and the students were ______. A. surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprising; surprising 3. Her child is always smartly_____ because she likes to _______her child smartly. A. dress; dressing B. dressed; dressed C. dressed; dress D. dressing; dress 4. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 5. Teachers _____ in this school are mostly from famous universities all over the country. They teach well. Thanks to their good work, the students ____ in this school are mostly doing well. A. taught; taught B. to teach; to teach C. teach; being taught D. teaching; being taught 6. The child's exam result was _____ .The _______ parents shouted angrily at the child as soon as they saw the school report. A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed D. disappointing; disappointing 7 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears.
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students.
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
动词 1. A---A---A型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）bet-----bet-----bet 打赌 broadcast-----broadcast-----broadcast 广播burst-----burst-----burst 爆发 cost----- cost----- cost 花费 cut----- cut----- cut 割，切 hit----- hit--- hit 打 hurt-----hurt-----hurt 伤 let----- let----- let 让 put----- put----- put 放下 read----- read----- read 读 shut----shut----shut 关上，停业 set----set----set 点燃，凝固 spread-----spread-----spread 传播 upset----upset-----upset 心烦，扰乱 2.A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat----- beat----- beaten 打 3.A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come----- came----- come 来 become----- became----- become 变 run----- ran----- run 跑 4. A---B---B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t或直接加-ed构成过去式或过去分词。 burn----- burnt----- burnt 燃烧 deal-----dealt-----dealt 处理 dream-----dreamed-----dreamed 梦想 hang-----hanged-----hanged 悬挂 hear-----heard-----heard 听见 learn----- learned/learnt----- learned/learnt 学习 light-----lighted-----lighted 照亮 mean----- meant----- meant 意思 shine-----shined-----shined 擦亮，照耀 smell-----smelled-----smelled 嗅，闻
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
高中英语高考语法过去分词讲与练 过去分词只有一种形式，即-ed形式或特殊形式。过去分词通常表示被动，完成。 pollute polluted write written show showed/shown 过去分词的否定：not done ★A.定语: 过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去 分词之间是被动关系。 1)We can’t live on borrowed money. 2)The forgotten men and women of our country will be forgotten no longer. 3)You mustn’t drink the polluted water. 4)You mustn’t drink the water polluted by the chemicals from the factory. 5)The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school． 6)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. 7) ---- Can those seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me? ---- No problem. 8)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. ●以下过去分词作定语，虽然是一个词，但习惯上放在被修饰的名词之后： 1)A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practice the piano. 2)Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions taken? 3)All the efforts made will pay off, at last. 4)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided. 5)These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress. 6)The head of the museum reported paid 200 million dollars for the painting. 7)As the researchers expected, 30% of the drivers surveyed said that they fell asleep while driving. 8)Forty-two percent of people asked admitted that they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story 9)The money collected should be made good use of to help the people who suffered a lot in the earthquake. (collected也可放在money的前面) a carefully(badly)written article (report/composition) a widely(narrowly) used language (tool/book) a newly discovered island (village/tomb/forest) a newly invented/made machine (helicopter/fan) a well(badly) built bridge (dam/house/railway) a highly developed country (state/province/city) ●以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生★B. 表语: 过去分词可放在系动词be, become, get, look, seem, appear, sound等后作表语，表示主语自身的感受。 1)Everybody is really excited about the new Olympic stadium. 2)He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. 3)The painter looked tired after working for a whole day. 4) My mother appeared pleased with the lanterns she had made. ●以下动词除scare, delight, trouble,stress (使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪)外均可加ed或 ing构成一个形容词。-ed形容词常表示主语或被修饰的人/动物自身的感受; ing形容 词常表示主语或被修饰的名词使/令人有某种感受。 surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify, alarm(使害怕/惊恐), touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦), disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意), encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust, interest, satisfy, excite, relax, disgust(使反感), worry, frustrate(使沮丧), disappoint, embarrass, confuse, puzzle, thrill, depress, convince… boring : 令人生厌的; 令人厌倦的; 没趣的; 乏味的; 无聊的 annoying: 使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的; 使人气恼的/恼火的/讨厌的 【scare --- scary】【delight ---delightful】 【trouble ---troublesome】【stress -- stressful】 【upset ---upsetting】 ●以上动词构成的-ed形式还可用来修饰以下名词: face, look, laugh, smile, eye, voice， manner, heart, expression, tone, cry, feeling, conversation, pace等。 1)Her excited laugh shows that she has been hired by the company. 2) Can you see your mother’s frightened eyes?