第7章动词的过去分词形式
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征
A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成
动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1．规则动词的-ed形式
limit→limited（限制）
pretend→pretended（假装）
escape→escaped（逃脱）
provide→provided（提供）
refer→referred（提交）
drag→dragged（拖）
pray→prayed（祈祷）
supply→supplied（供应）
2．不规则动词的-ed形式
cast→cast（投掷）
spread→spread（传播）
bite→bitten（咬）
forgive→forgiven（原谅）
spit→spat（吐）
wear→worn（穿）
fight→fought（搏斗）
lose→lost（丢失）
3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同
learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授
aged an aged man 老人
beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机
B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式
动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。C．动词的-ed形式的特征
动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
2．及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。
Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。）
When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。）The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。
3．不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner 逃犯（= a prisoner who has escaped）
a retired worker 退休工人（= a worker who has retired）
a newly arrived guest 新来的客人（= a guest who has just arrived）
We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。
People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。
二、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。
A．动词的-ed形式作表语
1．-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。
The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。
Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。
比较：
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的-ed 形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态）
All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态，表示动作）Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）
2．同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而-ing 形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景，所
有在场的人都感动了。
提示：
上述动词的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。
These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。
All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B．动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语
当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。
1．在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。
I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。
We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。
He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。2．在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。
①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。
比较：
动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。
I couldn誸get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。
Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？
②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。
注意：
动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。
【误】Can you make the students understanding the text
【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？
【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？
③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。
They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。
3．动词的-ed形式也可用在with（without）结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。
With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。
Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。
Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。
4．某些动词后（如want, need, prefer, would like等），作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。
I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。
I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。
We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。
The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。
C．动词的-ed形式作定语
动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。
1．前置定语
单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示：
如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2．后置定语
作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。（= that are written by this author）
Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。（= who had been invited to the reception）
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)
A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
3．动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别
动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。
the risen sun 升起了的太阳
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
boiled water 开水
boiling water 正沸腾的水
developed countries 发达国家
developing countries 发展中国家
fallen leaves 落叶
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition 改变了的情况
changing condition 变化着的情况
D．动词的-ed形式作状语
动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．表示时间
动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。（= When the city is seen from the tower...）
Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（= After we had been shown the lab...）
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was completely examined...)
提示：
有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。
2. 表示原因
动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...）
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。（=As it was written in haste ...）
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。(Because we were excited by...)
注意：
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited,I won'tgo. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败，便他们并没有丧失信心。
Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 除非被邀请，不然他不会回到公司来的。
3. 表示条件
动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...）
Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。（= If he was given more time ...）
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比，她是一个优
秀的演说家。
4. 表示让步
动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...）
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...）
Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次，安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。
提示：
有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。
Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。
Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。
= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。
5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students）
He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)
They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来，站在房间中央，完全惊呆了。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地感动了。
注意：
动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。
【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.
【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。【误】I cannot stand laughed at.
【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。
二、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语
A．动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语，-ed 形式和主语之间是被动关系。
Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，几乎撞到了前面的汽车。
She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息，她泄气了。
Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了，商店的门仍然锁着。
B．当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。
The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。
A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。
C．当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。（trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers）
The valuable vase was found stolen. 那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。（stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase）
We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟, 很明显小偷闯进来了。
D．动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语（详见“第8章独立主格结构”）。
Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。
All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。
E．动词的-ed形式作独立成分。
动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。
Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。
Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。
高考英语动词的过去式和过去分词不规则 变化表
动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化表1.AAA式： hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] t] t] put[p put[p read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 2.AAB式： 3.ABA式： 4.ABB式： （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 :n] burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd] :d] :d] :n] :nt] :nt]
n]/shined n]/shined smell[smel] smelled/smelt[smelt] （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 （3）原形→ought→ought (4)原形→aught→aught （5）变其中一个元音字母 found[fa found[fa t] got/gotten['tn] ?held[held] lead[li:d]
t] t] spit/spat[sp?t] spit/spat[sp?t] （6）原形→lt/pt/ft (7)其他 stood[st understood[,'st understood[,'st st,l lost[l st,l had[h?d,h had[h?d,h ? ?ld] ld] 5.ABC式：（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n ? drive[dra I v] I vn] drew[dru:] ?'ɡ?'ɡ
mistaken[m 'st threw[θru:] d] dn] :] I t] （2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n z] ??zn] t] got/gotten['ɡtn] hid[h I d] dn] t] tn] l] l? (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 （4）其他
高考英语过去完成时及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．—He’s got our tickets. —That’s good I ________afraid that he ________them. A．am; has forgotten B．was; had forgotten C．was; forget D．am; will forget 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态：--他拿了我们的票。--太好了，我原来害怕他忘了。因为现在知道他没忘，所以是原来害怕他忘了，第一空用一般过去式was，主句用一般过去式，从句用相应的过去时，排除D，用过去完成时，选B。 考点：考查时态 2．The girl, when _____ why she _____ in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. A．questioned; was cheated B．being questioned; was cheating C．questioned; had cheated D．being questioned; has cheated 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问到为什么在考试中作弊中，小女孩子低头不语。When引导的是是时间状语从句，与girl 之间是被动关系，所以用done形式，作弊没有被动语态，故选C项。 3．Father ________ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A．has left B．left C．had left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 分析句子，由于后半句用的是一般过去式，故根据意思可知前半句的事是发生在后半句之前，故用过去完成时，故选C。句意：父亲在我回来之前已经去出差了，所以我没有见到他。 4．When we _______the railway station, the train _______for 5 minutes．
v1.0 可编辑可修改 Work hard, and you will make great progress every day !!! 11 1.+ed work, plant,call +d live, change, like, love, agree, save, hate, move, arrive,,skate, hope, use 3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的 双写＋ed. 如：plan, stop, drop, fit(适合), prefer(更喜欢), travel ４。以辅音字母＋y ，结尾，变y 为i ＋ed try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry, copy 不规则动词表 A ． AAA 型 1. cast cast cast 投，掷 2. cut cut cut 割，切，剪 3. shut shut shut 关 4. put put put 放 5. rid rid rid 使摆脱，去掉 6. hit hit hit 吐，唾 7. spit spit spit 击中,打,撞 8. set set set 放，置 9. let let let 让 10.upset upset upset 使心烦,翻倒 11.read read read 读 12.cost cost cost 花费 13.hurt hurt hurt 伤害 14.spread spread spread 传 播,伸展 B ． ABB 型 15.burn burnt burnt 燃烧 burned burned 16.learn learnt learnt 学习， learned learned 17.hear heard heard 听到， 听说 18.dream dreamt dreamt 做梦，梦到 dreamed dreamed 19.mean meant meant 意谓， 用意 20.build built built 建造， 建筑
常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一、规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结 尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时,双 不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked （交易,在…通B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked( 行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后) C. 读音与说明: ①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ①．-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ①．-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如： put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如: build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如： mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如： blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed） 5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如： keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如： come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 7．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如： bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 8．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 9．动词原形中的e改为o，如：get—got，forget—forgot
高考英语过去分词典型试题 1. Many students have got _______ of the same food in the dinning hall. They say they need a change. A. tired B. tiring C. to tire D. tires 2. The results of the experiment were so ______ that both the teacher and the students were ______. A. surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprising; surprising 3. Her child is always smartly_____ because she likes to _______her child smartly. A. dress; dressing B. dressed; dressed C. dressed; dress D. dressing; dress 4. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 5. Teachers _____ in this school are mostly from famous universities all over the country. They teach well. Thanks to their good work, the students ____ in this school are mostly doing well. A. taught; taught B. to teach; to teach C. teach; being taught D. teaching; being taught 6. The child's exam result was _____ .The _______ parents shouted angrily at the child as soon as they saw the school report. A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed D. disappointing; disappointing 7 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears.
动词 1. A---A---A型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）bet-----bet-----bet 打赌 broadcast-----broadcast-----broadcast 广播burst-----burst-----burst 爆发 cost----- cost----- cost 花费 cut----- cut----- cut 割，切 hit----- hit--- hit 打 hurt-----hurt-----hurt 伤 let----- let----- let 让 put----- put----- put 放下 read----- read----- read 读 shut----shut----shut 关上，停业 set----set----set 点燃，凝固 spread-----spread-----spread 传播 upset----upset-----upset 心烦，扰乱 2.A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat----- beat----- beaten 打 3.A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come----- came----- come 来 become----- became----- become 变 run----- ran----- run 跑 4. A---B---B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t或直接加-ed构成过去式或过去分词。 burn----- burnt----- burnt 燃烧 deal-----dealt-----dealt 处理 dream-----dreamed-----dreamed 梦想 hang-----hanged-----hanged 悬挂 hear-----heard-----heard 听见 learn----- learned/learnt----- learned/learnt 学习 light-----lighted-----lighted 照亮 mean----- meant----- meant 意思 shine-----shined-----shined 擦亮，照耀 smell-----smelled-----smelled 嗅，闻
教学过程 一、课堂导入 时态在高考中，单选会考1至2题，完形填空里面对副词的考查也是比较多的，所以也是需要好好掌握的语法点。 二、复习预习
复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 三、知识讲解 知识点1：现在完成时：构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词
用法： 1）过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段时间，so far等状语 2）、从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 3）、用在时间、条件从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成 4）、“最高级+名词”或“It is the + 序数词+ time”后的定语从句中。 5）、应用现在完成时应注意： 瞬间动词用于完成时表示一个动作的结束，不能和“for…”或“since…”连用，但它们的否定形式可以连用。如： We have not heard from him for ten days.我们已经十天没他的消息了。 另外，如果把瞬间动词转变成相应的持续动词，就可和“for…”或“since…”连用。
知识点2：现在完成进行时：构成：主语+ have/has + been +动词的现在分词 用法： 表示动作从过去一个时间开始，一直延续到现在，强调在此阶段时间里，动作一直在进行。 ⑴、过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 Ⅰ. 规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结 尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时, 双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked （交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后) C. 读音与说明: ①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted II. 不规则动词表: (1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费）cost cost shut shut shut cut（割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英) hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put read （读）read read (2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动）beat beaten (3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）became become awake awoke awoken come（来）came come run（跑）ran run (4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） dig（挖）dug dug build built built get（得到）got got/gotten catch caught caught hang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealt hang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓住）held held find found found shine（照耀）shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden sit（坐）sat sat pay paid paid win （赢）won won send sent sent meet（遇见）met met shoot shot shot keep （保持）kept kept tell told told sleep（睡）slept slept win won won sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt smell（闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built
【英语】高考必备英语过去完成时技巧全解及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．---I will never forget when we met the famous writer ---Neither will I. He______ some goods and was at the checkout of a supermarket. A．had selected B．has selected C．was selecting D．selected 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。本题描述的是过去发生的事情，另挑选好物品是发生在在收银台等待这个行为之前，应用过去完成时表示过去的过去，句意：我永远忘不了我们遇见那位著名的作家。我也是。他那时是挑好物品之后在超市的收银台。故选A 考点：考查时态 2． Chinese scientists ______ on Tuesday that they ______ a low-cost welding robot, which can help improve welding efficiency for small factories. A．announces; had invented B．announced; have invented C．announced; had invented D．announces; have invented 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。第一空根据时间状语on Tuesday可知用一般过去时；第二空动词invent所发生的动作在announce之前，故用过去完成时。句意：中国科学家在周二宣布，他们已经发明了低成本的焊接机器人，可以帮助提高小工厂焊接效率。故C正确。考点：考查时态 3．Fat her ________ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A．has left B．left C．had left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 分析句子，由于后半句用的是一般过去式，故根据意思可知前半句的事是发生在后半句之前，故用过去完成时，故选C。句意：父亲在我回来之前已经去出差了，所以我没有见到他。 4．Catherine came home happily, which suggested that she the final exam. A．had passed B．pass C．would pass D．should pass 【答案】A 【解析】 这题考查时态的用法：suggest做“暗示”讲，所以不用虚拟语气，因为通过考试是在回来前发生，所以用过去完成时。句意是：凯萨琳高兴地回来，说明她通过了考试。选A。
Ⅷ-ing Participle Unit 1 Exercise 1: Multiple Choice 1. She stood by the window, _______. A. thinking B. think C. thought D. thinks 2. _______ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door. A. Not wishing B. Wishing C. Not wished D. No wishing 3. It _______ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room A. is B. being C. turned D. got 4. The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _______ a stick for support. A. held B. holding C. being holding D. was holding 5. _______ three times in a row, the boxer decides to give up fighting. A. having defeated B. To have defeated C. having been defeated D. To have been defeated 6. _______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. If walking B. While walking C. Walking D. When one is walking 7. I understood you were third-year students _______ in English. A. who major B. who major is C. have majored D. majoring 8. Their room was on the third floor, its window_______ the sports ground. A. overlooks B. overlooking C. overlooked D. to overlook 9. A new technique ______ out, the yield increases by 20%. A. having working B. having been worked C. has worked D. had been worked 10. _______, there was nothing for it but to swim across. A. The bridge having been destroyed B. The bride was destroyed C. The bridge to be destroyed D. The bridge had been destroyed 11. _______ the entrance exam, he was offered an opportunity to study international finance and economics at this university. A. Having passed B. Passed C. Passing D. Being passing 12. _______ another generation from that of their parents, young people have different tastes, ideas and beliefs. A. Belonging to B. Belonged to C. They belong to D. They belonging to 13. He went hunting with specially trained dogs, followed by men and women _______ horses. A. riding B. ridden C. rode D. to ride 14. I remember that you're the man ______ the world news on television. A. reporting B. having reported C. reported D. to report 15. _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment. A. Since B. For C. As D. With 16. Her husband having died, she has to take on such heavy _____ housework as carrying water. A. time-consumed B. timely-consumed C. time-consuming D. timely-consuming 17. The final results _____ yesterday, the public felt very angry. A. reveal B. have revealed C. be revealed D. having been revealed 18. There seemed little hope that the explorer, _____ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it. A. to be deserted B. having deserted C. to have been deserted D. having been deserted 19. Power stations employ _________ water to produce electricity.
最新高考英语过去完成时练习题及答案 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．I suddenly realized that I was kept so busy that I ______ little time with my family before. A．have spent B．had spent C．would spend D．was spending 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：我突然意识到我是如此的忙，结果我花费了很少的时间和家人在一起。意识到以前已经发生的事情，此处指过去的过去，故选B。 考点：考查动词时态。 2．We to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up. A．meant B．was meaning C．had meant D．would mean 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析: 句意：我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作，但是大雨耽误了我们。Mean to have done 和 had meant to do 表示“本打算做但是没做成”，类似用法的词还有plan，intend等，选C 考点：考查动词时态 3．As soon as I got to the airport, I realized I ________ my ID card at home. A．had left B．has left C．would leave D．will leave 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。句意：一到机场，我就意识到我将身份证忘在家里了。根据语境可知，leave my ID card at home是发生在realized之前，用过去完成时。故选A。 【知识归纳】 过去完成时态表示过去的过去。When I got there, the train had left.当我到达那里的时候，火车已经离开。 考点：考查时态 4．Sally was excited to meet Susan at the party last night．They _____ each other since they graduated from Oxford University in 2010． A．haven’t seen B．hadn’t seen C．didn’t see D．don’t see 【答案】B
动词过去式与过去分词变化规则 ①一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：worked，watched。 ②以哑巴e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived。 ③以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ed。如：stopped, shipped。 ④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加ed。如：carried，worried。 ⑤有些动词不符合上面的规则，需要特殊记忆。 (1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） let（让） let let cut（割） cut cut put（放） put put read （读） read read 】 cost（花费） cost cost hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt (2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten (3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） run（跑） ran run come（来） came come become（变成） became become (4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） sit（坐） sat sat win （赢） won won ~ get（得到） got got meet（遇见） met met sleep（睡） slept slept feel（感觉） felt felt keep （保持） kept kept sweep（扫） swept swept hold（抓住） held held dig（挖） dug dug hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hung hung
高中英语过去分词用法 练习题及答案 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿ on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿ to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿ on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿ the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿ the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
（英语）高考英语过去完成时练习题及答案 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．Arriving at the party hurriedly, we were disappointed to find that the band playing. A．stopped B．will stop C．had stopped D．has stopped 【答案】C 【解析】 解析：匆忙地到达晚会，我们很失望地发现乐队已经停止演奏了。题干中的were disappointed的状态发生在过去，stop这个动作发生在其之前，故应用过去完成时。所以选C。 2． Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they ______ the experience of meeting. A．haven’t B．hadn’t C．hadn’t had D．haven’t had 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。动词wish引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，用had + v-ed。句意：虽然大多数被收养的人有权知道他们的亲身父母是谁，一些已经找到他们的希望他们没有遇到的经历。故C正确。 考点：考查虚拟语气 3．By the time he arrived in Beijing, we _______ there for two days. A．will have stayed B．stay C．have been staying D．had stayed 【答案】D 【解析】 考查时态。by the time用完成时态，根据arrive用过去时态，故用过去完成时，表动作先于发生。选D。 4．Mr. Chapman retired at 70 after he nearly 40 years with the Gas Company． A．had spent B．has spent C．spends D．would spend 【答案】A 【解析】 本题考查时态。根据语境Mr. Chapman退休已经发生在过去，所以动作spend度过，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选A。 5．—The battery in my cell phone is running low. —I that last night before we went to bed. A．was noticing B．have noticed C．would notice D．had noticed
附：过去分词的变化规则 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed” work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited (2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d” live---lived---lived (3) 以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed” study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried (4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“e d” stop---stopped---stopped drop---dropped--dropped 2. 不规则动词 AAA型 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cut cut cut cost cost cost hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread read read read(read原形和过去分词发音为/ri:d/,过去式发音为/red/) AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become run ran run come came come ABB型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught
高考总复习：现在分词和过去分词 真题再现 1.（2015重庆高考）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars. A. used B. having used C. using D. use 2.（2015福建高考）In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and "atmosphere". A. combine B. combined C. combining D. being combined 3. （2015北京高考）The park was full of people _________ themselves in the sunshine A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 4.（2015天津高考）______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked 5.（2015浙江高考）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _______ live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed 6.（2015重庆高考）____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise 7.（2015天津高考）______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 8.（2015四川高考）Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze 9. （2015陕西高考）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _______ good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 10.（2015湖南高考）Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left 11.（2015北京高考）If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon. A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 12.（2015江苏高考）Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending 13. （2015湖南高考）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _________ whether to stay or leave. A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered 答案与解析：