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牛津译林八年级上册语法

牛津译林八年级上册语法
牛津译林八年级上册语法

语法

Unit1

1、形容词的用法:

(1)作定语:形容词+ 名词

如:There are many _______(beauty) mountains in China.

(2)作表语:连系动词+ 形容词

常用的连系动词有:be;keep(保持);感觉动词look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉),sound(听起来);状态转变动词become,get, turn, grow等。

如:The children are so ________ (luck) that they can get one present each.

(3)作宾语补足语:①keep/ make + 宾语+形容词

① find / feel it + 形容词+ to do sth

如:They wear glasses to keep their eyes ________.

A. safe

B. safely

C. safety

D. safly

2、副词的用法(作状语):

(1)行为动词+ 副词

如:"Be quick! ", he shouted ____(angry).

(2)副词+ 形容词/ 副词

如:He is ___(terrible) ill.

* 要决:判断一个地方应该用形容词还是要用副词首先是看这个单词后面是否有名词或是形容词被它修饰,然后看它前面的动词是连系动词还是行为动词。

3、形容词比较级用于两人或两事物之间的比较;

最高级用于三个或三个以上人或物的比较比较级与最高级构成:

(1)单音节形容词

比较级:词尾+er tall-taller small-smaller long-longer

最高级:词尾+est tall-tallest small-smallest long-longest

(2)以不发音的e结尾的形容词

比较级:词尾+r nice-nicer fine-finer

最高级:词尾+st nice-nicest fine-finest

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词

比较级:把y改为i+er easy-easier pretty- prettier

最高级:把y改为i+est easy-easiest pretty-prettiest

(4)重读闭音节,结尾只有一个辅音字母

比较级:双写最后一个辅音字母+er slim-slimmer big-bigger

最高级:双写最后一个辅音字母+est slim-slimmest big-biggest

(5)多音节形容词

比较级:前面+more beautiful-more beautiful important-more important 最高级:前面+most beautiful-most beautiful important-most important (6)不规则变化形容词

good-better-best bad-worse-worst little-less-least much/many-more-most old-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther/further-farthest/furthest

4、形容词比较级用法:

A+be+形容词比较级+than B She is shorter than I am.

My book is more interesting than his book.

形容词最高级用法:

A+be+the形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句

She is the best student in her class.

This is the biggest apple I have ever met.

固定结构中的比较:

① “比较级+and + 比较级” 表示“越来越……”

如:我们的国家变得越来越美丽了。

Our country is ________________________。

①“the +比较级,the +比较级” 表示“ 越……,就越……”

如:你学习越努力,你的英语就会越好。

___________you study, _______________your English will be.

5、形容词的后置情况:

(1)形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词后置。

如:Will you have __________ to say at the meeting tomorrow?

A. something important

B. anything important

C. important something

D. important anything

(2)表示计量时,形容词后置。

如:这条河有两米半深。

The river ____________________________.

6、词尾为-ing 和-ed的形容词用法区别:

和物有关的用–ing : interesting, amazing, surprising, exciting

和人有关的用–ed: interested, amazed, surprised, excited

如:I am very________ in the ___________book. (interest)

Unit2

1. 数量的比较:(1)可数名词:more…than… 比…多;the most … 最多…fewer… than 比…少;the fewest… 最少…(2)不可数名词:more… than 比…多;the most… 最多… less… than 比…少the least… 最少…

2. like “像……”,是介词,like +名词/代词/动词ing alike “相同的,相似的”,是形容词,只能作表语,连系动词+alike

3. be the same as… “和……相同” be different from … “和……不同”

4.more…than…修饰可数&不可少比…多…Nancy has more free time than John.

fewer…than…修饰可数比…少…Daniel has fewer CDs than Kitty.

less…than…修饰不可少比…少…I have less free orange juice than John.

the most最多Daniel has the most money.

the fewest/the least最少Kitty has the least money.

5.副词比较级与最高级构词方法与形容词基本相同

单音节词大多数词后加er或eat fast-faster-fastest

多音节词和部分双音节词在词前面加more或most quickly-more quickly-most quickly 不规则变化:well-better-best;badly-worse-worst;far-tarther/further-furthest/farthest

Unit3

并列连词

一and 和,又

(1)and 连接相似意思的词、短语或分句。

(2)两个形容词置于名词前时,除了表示同一性质或颜色的情形以外,常不用and. a red and

black car; a talk dark man

(3)三个或三个以上的词、短语或分句相并列时,通常只在最后一个前加and,前面的用逗

号隔开。I visited London, Paris and Rome.

(4)当and 与人称代词连用时,通常按二、三、一的顺序排列。you, she and I

(5)视为一个整体的两个名词在并列时,通常第二个前不加冠词。a mother and child 母

子,my father and mother我的父母

(6)被and 连接起来的名词如果指同一个人时,通常后面的不加冠词。He is a teacher and

writer. 他是一位教师也是一位作家。

二but 但是(连接不同的意思,表示转折)

三or 或者

(1)连接表示选择的意思。

(2)or常用于选择疑问句中。Would you like coffee or tea?你要咖啡还是茶?

(3)or还可用于否定句中,意为“也不”。We can’t go to parks or swimming pools. 我们不

能去公园也不能去游泳池。

动词不定式

(1)基本形式

①肯定形式:to + 动词原形①否定形式:not to +动词原形

(2)用法:

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