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[精]英语语法-名词的意义和种类及名词在句子中的作用

[精]英语语法-名词的意义和种类及名词在句子中的作用
[精]英语语法-名词的意义和种类及名词在句子中的作用

名词的意义和种类及名词在句子中的作用

一、名词的意义和种类

1.名词的意义:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。例如:

teacher 教师dictionary字典

school学校Beijing北京

beauty美youth青春

2.名词的种类:英语名词可分为普通名词(CommonNouns)和专有名词( Proper Nouns)

〈1〉普通名词:普通名词是表示某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

worker工人machine机器steel钢铁

water水friendship友谊health健康

普通名词分为下面四类:

(1)类名词( Class Nouns):也称个体名词( Individual Nouns),类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。这一类名词有单数和复数的区别属于可数名词)。例如:

单数→复数→汉语意思

①soldier →soldiers(战士)

student →students(学生)

factory→factories(工厂)

gun →guns(枪)

②fight→fights (战斗)

country→countries(国家)

③photo→photos (照片)

house →houses(房子)

(2)集体名词( Collective Nouns):集体名词表示若干个体或事物组成的集合体,是一群人或好多件东西的总称(属于可数名词)。例如:

team队class班family家庭row排

committee委员会group小组police警察

(3)物质名词(MaterialNouns):物质名词表示不具备确定形状和大小、无法分为个体的物质或个体的实物(属于不可数名词)。例如:

cotton棉花tea茶air空气rice米

fire火grain粮食coal煤water水

(4)抽象名词(AbstractNouns):抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念(属于不可数名词)。例如:

happiness幸福news消息information信息

victory胜利progress进步work工作

peace和平love爱heat热

注意名词又分为可数名词( Countable Nouns), 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。类名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。

〈2〉专有名词:专有名词是个人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称,它的第一个字母必须大写,如果专有名词是由若干个普通名词构成,其中的冠词、连词、介词等一般不大写。例如:

①Chinese 中文

②America 美国

③the Communist Party of China中国共产党

④the Forbidden City 紫禁城

⑤Zhang Hua张华

⑥Red and Black《红与黑》班

⑦the Olympic Games 奥运会

⑧Marx 马克思

⑨the Surmer Palace 颐和园

⑩the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国

注意:

①有些名词在一种场合下属于这类,在另一种场合下又属于那一类,意思上有变化。

②抽象名词在很多情况下可以变成可数名词,名词的可数与不可数是一个重要的问题,它涉及到冠词的用法和谓语动词的搭配,因此在学习时要特别注意。

记:专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。例如:①[ Wang Meimei ] is my sister.

(王梅梅是我的姐姐。)

②[ Mrs Smith ] is a beautiful lady.

(史密斯夫人是一位漂亮的女士。)

③[ English ] is my second language.

(英语是我的第二语言。)

④It's very cold in [ December ] in China.

(在中国,十二月份的天气很冷。)

⑤Have you been to [ Europe ]?

(你去过欧洲吗?)

⑥I plan to stay at home during [the Spring Festival ].

(春节期间,我计划待在家里。)

⑦I received some gifts on[Christmas Day].(在圣诞节我收到了一.些礼物。)

⑧Do you think it is good for China to join the [ WTO ]?

(您认为中国加入世贸组织利大于弊吗?)

⑨She is studying in [Tsinghua University ] now.

(她现在在清华大学学习。)

二、名词在句中的作用

1.作主语:

①〈Tom〉has arrived.汤姆到了。

②The〈life〉is changing day by day.

生活在一天天地变化看.

2.作宾语:

①I saw 〈Tom〉yesterday.

昨天我看见汤姆了。

②I am interested in 〈maths〉.

我对数学感兴趣。

3.作表语:

①Tom is a〈taxi-driver〉.

汤姆是位出租车司机。

②Heavy traffic is the biggest 〈problem〉in Beijing. 交通拥挤是北京最大的难题。

4.作定语:

①It's a 〈color〉movie.

那是一部彩色影片。

②I am an 〈English〉teacher, not a 〈maths 〉teacher. 我是一位英语老师,不是数学老师。

5.作状语:

①I go to school〈every day〉.

我每天去上学。

②We should study English 〈step by step〉.

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句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间;who谁;whose谁的;where在哪里;which 哪一个;why为什么;what什么;what time什么时间;what colour什么颜色;what about……怎么样;what day星期 几;what date什么日期;what for为何目的;how怎样; how old多大岁数;how many数量多少;how much多少钱; how about……怎么样;how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。

初中英语语法句子种类练习

初中英语语法---句子种类练习 时间:60分钟满分:100分 一、把下列陈述句改为一般疑问句并作简略回答。(28分)1.There is no water in the bottle. 2.She can sing and dance very well. 3.He has a brother in the United States. 4.It often rains in summer here. 5.Her cousin lives in Suzhou. 6.They always played together at that time. 7.Tom got home very late yesterday. 二、翻译下列各句(16分) 1.咱们一起玩吧! 2.请不要迟到. 3.回答这个问题. 4.我来打开窗户好吗? 三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)(20分) ⒈A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. ⒉A: Mr. Wang is a busy man. ⒊A: The cat is very happy. ⒋A: The tractor is going very slowly. ⒌A: He is very lucky. ⒍A: It is a wet day today. ⒎A: They started early. ⒏A: They waited a long time. ⒐A: He is wearing a large shirt. ⒑A: The dolphin is playing happily. 四、找出下列句子中的错误,并改写为正确的句子。(16分) 1、I did lost my wallet yesterday. 2、The soup smell terrible. 3、John don’t like rock music. 4、He must knows the chairman. 5、Do Frank come from England? 6、Stop talk, class begins. 7、How is delicious the soup! 8、Let go shopping now. 五、连词成句并说出意思(20分) 1、has, every, he, three, meals, day. 2、is, this, interesting, film, how!

初中英语语法 句子的种类

初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句:This is a dog. 疑问句:Is this a dog? 祈使句:Open your eyes! 感叹句:What a beautiful building it is! 简单句:I am studying. 并列句:I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句:As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”,通常用降调。 Eg:We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.

be 动词的否定句句型:主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词,它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg:They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型:主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg:I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句. 句型:主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.

初中英语语法大全-句子种类

初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类: 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

英语中句子的种类

英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020

(三)句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句; 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分: 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句) Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 (一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语! What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语! What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 四、祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。) Be quiet! Don’t be late!

小学英语语法句子的种类

句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答,实际情况是肯定的,就用yes。否定的就用no.

小学英语一般疑问句,否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句: 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,放在最前面, 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,句前加Did,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是,则句前加Do,其余照抄。 改为否定句: 方法和上面一样, 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,再后加not,其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,人后加didn’t,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是,则人后加don’t,其余照抄 对划线部分提问: ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分,②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 (注:如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄;如划线部分为动词或动词短语,则用do代替,句前加what,再改为一般疑问句)例如: He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.

最新英语中句子的种类

(三)句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分: 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句) Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 (一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语! What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语! What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 四、祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。) Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分: 一、简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。) He is never late for school. 二、并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。) She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句(句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构,但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分,就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。) This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

英语语法中句子的种类

一.句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,而且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语表示的。例如: I study English。 She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句从句 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。 二.按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 (说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a.一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事? c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张!

初中英语语法--句子的种类(学生版)

初中英语语法--句子的种类(学生版)

初中英语语法--句子的种类 英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 1)按其作用或使用目的,句子可分为: 陈述句:This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句:Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句:Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。感叹句:What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 2)按语法结构,句子可分为: 简单句:I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句:I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服,但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句:Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服,他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句: 用于说明一件事,表示一种看法或表达某种心情

You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.她可能没有注意到你。(情态动词) 各种时态肯定句变否定句: 变成否定句有规则,“是”,“有”“将”后加not,假如没有“是”,“有”,“将”,动词前面加don't(does't/didn't)。 (2)使用not以外的否定词表示否定: ①用no否定:no+名词=not any,表示“一点也不”。 I have no money.(=I have not any money.) 我一点儿钱都没有。 We have no time to do it.(=We haven't any time to do it.) 我们没有时间做这件事情了。 ②用never表示否定,语气比not要强烈。

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