句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。口头表达中，句与句之间略有停顿。书面上，这种停顿用标点符号表示，如句号、逗号、分号或感叹号。
按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
a.一般疑问句（General Questions）：
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？
b. 特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：
Where do you live?你住那儿？
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？
c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？
3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，
Sit down, please.请坐。
Don't be nervous!别紧张！
4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，
What good news it is!多好的消息啊！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
简单句，并列句，主从复合句
1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓)(主) (谓)
食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句从句
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
I 句子成分
句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。
II 基本句型
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
1 基本句型一ＳＶ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等
2 基本句型二ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。be, look, keep, seem，get, grow, become, turn等This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
3 基本句型三ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（及物动词）Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。
3. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
4. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
5. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！
4 基本句型四ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
她给自己定了一套新衣裳
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片。
5. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
5 基本句型五ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
3.. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
5. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
6. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
注意：以上只是五个基本句型，但是我们在阅读中碰到的是血肉更丰满的句子。下面以基本句型五为例一个句子来扩充一个句子，我们可以加上适当的定语，状语等，使之更血肉丰满：
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听一个重要报告的学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listeing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告的学生和教师。
我们知道按照句子的结构我们可以把句子分为简单句，并列句和复合句。下面我们对三种句式作一说明，以帮助我们对英语句子有更好的理解。
1、简单句
不管是我们阅读还是写作，构造和理解简单句都是最基本的技能。在这个技能中，记住一点是十分重要的。也就是说：在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有一个谓语部分。英语的简单句只有五种基本句型，也就是我们上面提到的五中基本句型，所有的英语句子都不能离开这五种基本句型，所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要而且大有裨益的。再重复一下，这五种句型是：SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。其中S = Subject，也就是主语；V = Verbal phrase，也就是谓语部分；C = Complement ，表示跟在系动词之后的补语；O = Object，也就是句子的宾语，在最后一种句型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。
2、并列句（compound sentence）
英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读障碍，因为在分句之间往往有固定的连接词说明前后分句的关系。这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型。对此我们分别举例句来说明问题：
第一种and型, ( and, both A and B, not only A but also B, neither A nor B )
1.The camera takes good picyures, and the price is reasonable.
2.He doesn’t care for money, nor does he care for fame.
第二种or型（or, either ... or ）
1.The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.
2.Take a map with you, or you will be lost.
第三种but型( but, while… )
He doesn’t earn much, but he spends money freely.
Some people waste food, while others have none.
第四种for型
1. He must have done something wrong, for the teacher called him to the office.
2. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
3、复合句（complex sentence ）
如果一个句子充当另一个句子的组成部分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，具有这样结构的句子称为主从复合句。充当某一成分的句子称为从句，带着从句的句子称为主句。从句对主句的关系是从属关系。住句和从句之间有一定的连接词加以连接。从属关系的复合句包括名词性从句(Nominal Clauses)（包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句（Relative Clauses）、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）。
下面我们分别来探究一下什么是名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。
名词性从句：在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些从句统称为名词性从句。
（一）主语从句在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
That you are leaving is a pity. 你要走，真遗憾。
What matters is how you live. 重要的是你如何生活。
Where he lives is not clear. 他住哪儿不清楚。
Who will stay makes no difference. 谁留下来都一样。
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
注意：J 主语从句中的连接词（引导词）为：
从属连词that ，if ，whether
连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what
连接副词when ，where ，how ，why
a. 所有wh-疑问词引导的主语从句不仅起连接主句与从句的作用，而且还在从句中担任各类成分及具有词汇意义，而that在从句中仅起连接作用，没有词汇意义，但that引导的主语从句时，that不可以省.
b. 主语从句表示是否只能用whether引导。
c.主语从句的语序是陈述句的语序
但是大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语，这主要是为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种：
a.It is + 名词+ that从句
It's a pity that we can't go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。
b.It is + 形容词+ that从句
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
c.It + 动词+ that从句
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
艾丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。(= I happened to be out that day.)
d.It is + 过去分词+ that从句
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
注意：
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is understood that... 自不待言……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… 其他情况
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.
她突然想到她忘记锁门了。
并且当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Is it possible that they may complete the task ahead of time?
他们有可能提前完成任务吗？
Does it matter much that he won't be able to come tomorrow?
他明天来不了很要紧吗？
此外连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。
Is what he told us really true? 他所告诉我们的的确是真的吗？
Whichever of you want to come to our party will be welcome. 你们中任何想来参加我们晚会的人都欢迎。
使用虚拟语气的主语从句在It is suggested, ordered, requested, insisted, etc. + that从句中，谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should常被省略。
It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.
有人建议我们再做一次实验。
在It is important, natural, necessary, funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wonder etc. + that从句中，谓语部分常用should + 动词原形，should常被省略。
It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature. 我们要维持生态平衡，这是重要而且必不可少的。
It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.
真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。
（二）宾语从句宾语从句The Object Clause，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名词性从句。它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。宾语从句有四步曲
1.连接词（引导词）相同于主语从句
从属连词that ，if ，whether
连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what
连接副词when ，where ，how ，why
2.语序：从句的词序用陈述语序（主+ 谓）
3.时态：如主句的时态如果是过去时，从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。一般来说宾语从句的时态作以下相应的变化
a. 从现在时间推移到过去时间：一般现在时——一般过去时现在进行时——过去进行时现在完成时——过去完成时现在完成进行时——过去完成进行时
b. 从过去时间推移到过去的过去时间一般过去时——过去完成时过去完成时——过去完成时
c. 从将来时间推移到过去将来时间一般将来时——一般过去将来时
4.人称：要根据句中的意义作相应的变化
注意：
1．使用宾语从句还有一个要注意的问题是在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词移到主句谓语上，而将从句的谓语变为肯定形式。
I don't think he has time to play football with you.
我想他没有时间和你踢足球。
I don't suppose it is the rush hour yet.
我估计现在未到（交通）高峰时间。
（三）表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
1．可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem,ound, appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
注意：表语从句中的连接词如主语从句，宾语从句，但是同主语从句一样连词that引导的表语从句中that不可以省，表语语从句表示是否只能用whether
2．使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形"表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
（四）同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
1．同位语从句一般跟在名词的后面同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等后面。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。
注意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself. 有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。2．使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用"should + 动词原形"，should可省略。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
尽快解决这个问题，这是我们惟一的请求。
He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.
他建议我们坐火车去。
状语从句：状语从句Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的、比较等状语从句。
（一）时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as soon as, whenever,no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, the moment, every time等等。
1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He is so terrible once he is drunk.
（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever等。
1) Put it where you found it.
2) Sit down wherever you like.
（三）. 原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since,for,, now that, considering that(由于考虑到)等。
1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.
（四）条件状语从句条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as，provided/providing that, on condition that等等。
1.If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
2.You'll be late, unless you hurry.
3.Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么？
4.In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.
5.In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。
6.He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。
（五）. 方式状语从句方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。
Do as I say. I did just as you told me.
照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。
He acts as if/as though he were the owner.
他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。
They did it in a way that I had never seen before.
他们以我从没见过的方式行事。
I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to.
我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。
（六）让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though,whether, as, however, while, no matter+特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词+ever
1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.
2) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.
3) I wouldn’t go to see the new movie no matter who recommends it.
(七) 结果状语从句结果状语从句表示结果，常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。
1)She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.
2)The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.
3)They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.
4)We arrived early, so that we got good seats.
（八）目的状语从句目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that，lest等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成
1) We arrived early so that we could get good seats.
2) Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.
3)They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.
（九）比较状语从句常用的关联词有as, than, as…as, not so…as, the more…the more
1)Air is to men as water is to fish.
2) The more civilized a man becomes,the less he is limited by the disadvantage of his environment.
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why等
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
1）先行词指人，关系代词用who, whom, that，这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）先行词指物，关系代词用which, that，它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the bok the cover of which is green.
=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
4) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
e)先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。
（二）关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是指时间、地点或理由的名词，引导词可用关系副词并在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why 是关系副词，它们的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）怎样判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面跟宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词后不跟宾语，则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held？
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为表语（也是先行词），而where, that, on which都不能起到先行词的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，而关系代词在宾语从句中作宾语，我们就可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
所以关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。（三）. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）
2) 非限制性定语从句出了能修饰一个先行词外，还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，关系代词多用which或as.
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
注意：J as, which 引导非限定性定语从句，相当于and this或and that，As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to u
as可引导非限制性从句，常含有'正如'的意思。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
（四）. 先行词和关系词二合一
我们还会碰到一些先行词和关系词合二为一的情况，如：
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. ( 划线部分为主语从句但Whoever 可以用anyone who 代替，因此Anyone who spits in public will be punished here.中，划线部分又成了定语从句)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
还有如Jwhat = the thing that；whatever = anything that
who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
注意：that 和what的用法
1）当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词并在从句中充当成分，而在引导名词性从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句中可省，而在表语从句，主语从句和同位语中的that不可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
That the world’s first compass was invented by the Chinese people is a well-known historical fact.
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
中考英语语法复习：句子的种类 句子的种类 一、知识要点 句子就是具有一定的语法结构和语调，用来表达一个比较统统的独立意义结构。句子开头第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有标点符号。 句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1.陈述句：用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。分为肯定句和否定句两种类型。 肯定句：They often go to school on foot.他们通常步行去上学。 否定句：My father doesn’t watch TV at home after supper.我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。 2.疑问句：用来提出疑问的句子。分为大凡疑问句、分外疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种类型。 ①大凡疑问句：能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫大凡疑问句，肯定回答用Yes，否定回答用No。 大凡疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+表语+……?或者是：助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+……? -Are you a teacher?你是老师吗? -Yes, I am.是的，我是。/-No, I am not.不，我不是。 —Does your mother go shopping on Sunday?你妈妈星期天购物吗?-Yes, she does.是的，她经常去购物。/-No, she doesn’t.不，她不经常去购物。 —Must we go at once?我们必须立刻走吗? —Yes, we must.是的，必须走。/—No, we needn’t.不，没有必要。
注意：大凡疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答，如certainly(当然)，surely(当然)，of course(当然)，I think so(我想是的)，all right(好吧) certainly not(当然不是), notat all(一点也不), never(从不)，sorry(很抱歉)，not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。 ②分外疑问句：用来对句子的某一分外部分提问的句子叫分外疑问句。分外疑问句大凡用降调。其结构是：分外疑问词+大凡疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No，要根据询问的内容详尽回答。 -Where were you at that time?那时你在哪里?I was at home.我在家。 常用的疑问代词有who(谁)，whom(谁)，whose(谁的)，which(哪一个)，what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时)，where(何地)，why(为什么)，how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。 Who is your teacher?谁是你的老师?(指人，作主语) Whom did you telephone to just now?你刚才给谁打电话?(指人，作宾 语)Whose coat is this?这是谁的大衣?(作定语) Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语) What class are you in?你在几班?(指物，作定语) When will you arrive?你什么时候到?(提问时间) Where has he gone?他去了哪里?(提问地点) Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?(提问原因) How do you often go to school?你经常怎么去上学? (提问方式) How far is it from your house to your school? (how far提问距离) How often does he go to the French club?他多长时间去一次法语俱乐 部?(howoften提问频率)
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 ▲主+系动词+表 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词） ▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.
主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词
6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语） She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
句子的种类 英语句子按照其交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。 1. 陈述句 用于叙述一项事实的句子叫陈述句（declarative sentence）。陈述句可以是肯定句也可以是否定句。例如： My advice to you is to speak the truth. 我建议你说真话。 Your answer is not quite correct. 你的回答不太正确。 2. 疑问句 用来提出疑问的句子叫疑问句（interrogative sentence）。疑问句有四类：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1)一般疑问句 用yes 或no 来回答的疑问句，叫一般疑问句（general question）。句中的助动词或情态动词要放在主语之前，形成倒装词序。在个别情况下，如表示猜测、惊讶、怀疑时，也可使用陈述语序。例如：Do you find it difficult to learn a new language? 你认为学习一种新的语言难吗？ Will she accept the invitation? 她会接受邀请吗？ 2) 特殊疑问句 用疑问词开头，就某一具体部分提问的疑问句，称为特殊疑问句（special question）。引出特殊疑问句的疑问词有who（谁），whom（谁），whose （谁的），which（哪个），what（什么），where（哪里），when（何时），why（为什么），how（如何）等。例如： Who will come tomorrow？明天谁会来？ What are you doing there? 你在那儿干什么？ When did they get married? 他们是什么时候结婚的？ Where did you find the book? 你在哪里找到的这本书？ 3）选择疑问句 说话人提供两种或者两种以上的情况供对方做出选择的疑问句，叫选择疑问句（alternative question）。 (1) 选择疑问句通常是由or连接的两个一般疑问句构成的。当or后面的部分与前面的部分句法作用相同时，常用省略结构。例如： Shall I give you a hand or can you manage? 需 要我帮忙还是你自己来？ Did you come by bus or by bike? 你是坐公交车 来的还是骑车来的。 (2) 选择疑问句也可在特殊疑问句的基础上构 成，即前一部分是特殊疑问句，后面是供选择 的并列部分。例如： Which coat do you like, this one or that one? 你喜欢哪件上衣，这一件还是那一件？ Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 你喜欢喝什 么，咖啡还是茶? 4）反意疑问句 在陈述句之后附加一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出疑问的句子叫反意疑问句（disjunctive question）。反意疑问句通常表示说话人对自己的看法不完全肯定，希望对方加以证实。 (1) 在反意疑问句中，如果前一部分是肯定的陈述句，后一部分要用否定形式的简短问句；如果
初中英语语法大全之句子的种类 2011-09-24 15:37:42 来源：本站原创进入论坛 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound。光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring。这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句(General Questions)： Can you finish the work in time？ 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句(W Questions；H Questions)： Where do you live？你住那儿？ How do you know that？你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)： Do you want tea or coffee？ 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)： He doesn‘t know her，does he？ 他不认识她，对不对？ 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down，please。请坐。 Don’t be nervous！别紧张！ 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is！多好的消息啊！ (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1)简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如： She is fond of collecting stamps。她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good，but he had little appetite。 (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which 哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what day星期 几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样； how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱； how about……怎么样；how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.
be 动词的否定句句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句． 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.
一、句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Y our pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late!
句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no.
小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句： 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面， 如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，句前加Did，其余照抄； 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是，则句前加Do，其余照抄。 改为否定句： 方法和上面一样， 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，人后加didn’t，其余照抄； 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是，则人后加don’t，其余照抄 对划线部分提问： ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 （注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例如： He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练： 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.
1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语：介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of：代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语，“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标，并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到，人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分： 一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。） He is never late for school. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句（句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分，就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。） This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.
高中必背句型句句经典（一线优秀教师总结） 1.With the development of economy, more and more families bought private cars, thus leading to much heavier traffic problems and more serious air pollution. 2.What is the most important is that we do not mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 3.It’s a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on is first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. 4.We believe we are confident and capable of overcoming the current difficulties and challenges we are faced with. In a word, all we need to do now is plan carefully and act in ways that reflect the reality to assure that we can make full use of our talent and skills. 5.You can take a horse to the water but you can’t make him drink. 强扭的瓜不甜 When everybody is somebody, then nobody is anybody.人人都伟大，世间无豪杰。 6.I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what’s going to happen, or who I’m going to meet, where I’m going to wind up. 泰坦尼克号 7.Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep. 加菲猫 8.Teachers are the basis of education and that the best students receive instruction from the best teachers. I t’s of great importance to train and nurture teachers, especially those from impoverished and remote rural areas. 9.what I want to stress is that a harmonious family plays a very important role in our life, therefore, it is up to every family member to contribute to the building of such a family. First of all, parents should be a role model for their children and pay more attention to their own words and behaviour. Being children of the family, we should respect and understand our parents, and share their burdens. Only in this way will our family be always harmonious. 10.In my opinion, it’s high time that our government should take measures to ban farmers from cutting down trees. Besides, various activities should be organized to make it clear that everyone is responsible for the environment. Only in this way can we have a blue day. 11.A recent survey found that walking like a happy person on purpose can lift one’s spirits, according to media report on Wednesday. Walking in a happy style makes people feel happy, while adopting the gait of a depressed person can bring on sadness. 12.when it comes to the current public transport, though it is improving, there still remains something to be done. In the first place, the government should add to the investment in the construction of transport. Additionally, it is better for the festival time to be lengthened. Last but not least, more people should be encouraged to ride home instead of driving a private car. 13.According to the information given above, there is nothing ambiguous about the serious situation and who is at fault. 14.It just can't be denied that it is the fast development that is to blame, but maybe the government should undertake the responsibility. 15.Current situation of pollution is considerably serious. Ranking among top pollution sources are vehicles, coal burning, airborne dust and so on. Reasons behind it go as follows. First of all, economic development are promoted at the expense of environment. Secondly, citizens are not aware of the significance of being careful with protecting the environment.
一．句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，而且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语表示的。例如： I study English。 She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如： The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句从句 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。 二．按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） 2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张！