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(完整word版)初中英语语法之句子的种类.docx

(完整word版)初中英语语法之句子的种类.docx
(完整word版)初中英语语法之句子的种类.docx

初中英语语法之句子的种类

英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。

按语法结构,句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

Eg:

陈述句: This is a dog.

疑问句: Is this a dog?

祈使句: Open your eyes!

感叹句: What a beautiful building it is!

简单句: I am studying.

并列句: I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years.

复合句: As soon as I get there,I ’llcall you.

1陈述句

凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。

陈述句句末用句号“ .”,通常用降调。

Eg: We live in Beijing.

We don’tlive in Beijing.

(1)be 、一般()、情的否定句

I am not a student.

I don’tknow him.

He can’tspeak English.

1.be 的否定句

句型:主+ be+ not + ?

I wasn’tgood at English.

They weren’tat home yesterday.

He isn’tmy cousin.

行和被都有be ,它的否定句与be 的否定句同形。

Eg:They aren’tcleaning the room.

The child was not looked after by anybody.

将来( will ,shall)、完成及情的被不能用be

否定句型。

They will not be sent to the front.

They will be not sent to the front. ×

2情的否定句

句型:主+情+ not + 原形

Eg:I can’tdo it myself.

You mustn’ttake the books out.

You must not go there alone.

3一般的否定句

句型:主+ do/does/did + not + 原形

Eg:

They didn’tlive in Shanghai.

He doesn’tdo his homework every day.

They didn’thave the class-meeting yesterday afternoon.

4在完成的否定句

句型:主+ have/has+ not + 的去分 +??

I haven’tfinished reading the book yet.

He hasn’thad his breakfast yet.

5去完成的否定句

句型:主+ had+ not + 的去分 +??

He hadn’tfinished reading the book by the end of last month.

(2).否定构注意事

01 使用 not 的部分否定

含有 not 的句子,如果使用了 very, always以及不定代 all, both, every 及 every 的复合,表示部分否定。

Eg:

I don’tplay football very well.

It isn’talways hot here in summer.

2not 的其他否定表示

1. not? at all 一点也不?

I ’m not tired at all.

I don’tlike it at all.

2. not?any more, not? any longer 再也不?

I don’tlive here any longer. = I no long live here.

I can not eat any more. = I can eat no more.

03 使用 not 以外的否定表示否定

1.用 no 表示: no+名 = not any?一点也不?

There is no wind. = There is not any wind.

2. never 不

I will never forget you.

He has never been abroad.

3. few / little 几乎没有

He has few friends.

Few people understand the difference.

I have little money.

There is little water in the glass.

4. no one = nobody 无人

No one knows the answer.= Nobody knows the answer.

5.nothing = not anything 什么也没有

I have nothing to do today.

6.none of ?没有任何人;什么也没有

None of them can answer it.

I eat none of the food.

7.含有否定副seldom /hardly 的句子

He can hardly write his name.

We seldom watch TV.

4too?to?(太?以至于不?.) 的句型表示否定

He is too old to work.

不定代的肯定和否定形式

肯定否定肯定否定

all none, no some not any, no everyone, each no one something not anything, nothing everything nothing a few few

Each, both, either neither, not either a little little

2祈使句

表示求、命令。建等。句子没有化,一律用原形。

句子中通常不用主,句末用感号或者句号,用降。

1.含有第二人称主的祈使句

Be careful!

Don’tmake such a noise.

1肯定的祈使

句型原形 + ?+(省略主)

Stand up.

Be quiet, please.

1. 有,了加气,可以在之前加do.

Do sit down.

Do study hard.

2. 用客气的气表示祈使句,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果

在句尾加please,那在 please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。

Go this way, please.

3.祈使句中如果有,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。

Li Ming, come here.

Come here, Li Ming.

2否定的祈使句

句型 Don’t+原形 +?

Don’tswim in the river.

Don’tbe late.

Please don’tbe noisy.

句型之祈使句和述句的改写

祈使句 = You must?

Come here. = You must come here.

Don’tdo that again. = You mustn’tdo that again.

Please + 祈使句 = Will you (please)??

Please help me. = Will you (please) me ?

2含有第一、第三人称主的祈使句

Let’s say goodbye here.

Don’tlet him do that again.

1肯定的祈使句

句型 let+第一人称 (me, us)+原形 +?

let+第三人称代( him/her/it/them)或名 +原形 +? let me try again.

Let’s go at once.

Let Tom go there himself.

2否定的祈使句

Let’s + not + 原形 +?

Don’tlet + 第三人称代的格或名+原形 +?

Let’s not say anything about it.

Don’tlet them play with fire.

句型

Use your head and you will find a way.

If you use your head, you will find a way.

3感句

表示喜怒哀等烈感情用感句。感句分两种:一种以what 引,一种以 how 引。句尾用感号,通常用降。

What a clever boy he is.

How clever the boy is.

1 what 引导的感叹句

句型 what + 名词(或形容词 +名词) +陈述句(主语 +谓语)What a beautiful city it is!

What a fine day!

What an honest man he is!

What big apples these are!

What a tall boy Tom is!

What fools they are!

2 how 引导的感叹句

句型 How+ 形容词或副词 +陈述句(主语 +谓语)!

How hot it is today!

How high the kite is flying!

How beautiful the girl is!

How fast he runs!

How I want to be a teacher!

How well she can skate!

感叹句: How busy you are!

疑问句: How busy are you?

3 if only 引导的感叹句

用 if only 引导的感叹句通常表示一种强烈的愿望,特别是表示对一些不能实现的或没有实现的愿望的遗憾感。

句型 if only + 主语 + 一般过去时 /were

If only I knew her telephone number!

If only he were here!

句型 if only + 主语 + could / would + have +过去分词

If only we could have gone to the party!

4其他形式的感叹句

感叹句除用 what 和 how 引导外,还有许多其他形式,如可用陈述句,疑问句,祈使句等,有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可构成感叹句。The garden looks so lovely today!

Isn’tit a lovely day!

Fire!

Very good!

陈述句用作感叹句时,句中通常有 so, such, really等加强语气的词语,疑问句用作感叹句时,句子多为否定疑问句。

英语写作常用词语和句子

英语写作常用词语和句子 一、常用的过渡词 1.用以解释的过渡词 now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact… 2.表示强调的过渡词 certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important… 3.表示限制的过渡词 but, however, although, though, yet, except for… 4.用以举例的过渡词 for example, for instance, thus, such, next… 5.表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, yet… 6.表达顺序的过渡词 first, second, third, afterward, meanwhile, thereafter, last, finally, eventually… 7.用以表示比较的过渡词 like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too… 8.用以表示对比的过渡词 unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead… 9.表示让步的过渡词 although, nevertheless, of course, after all, clearly, still, yet… 10.用以表达结果的过渡词 therefore, as a result, consequently, then, thereby, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, otherwise… 11.用以表示总结的过渡词 to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short, in a word, in the long run, in summary… 二、常用句子 1.比较 (1)The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. (2)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. (3)A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that… (4)It is reasonable to maintain that…, but it would be foolish to claim that… (5)For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. (6)Like anything else, it has its faults. (7)Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. (8)People used to think…, but things are different now. (9)the same is true of B. (10)Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks. 2.原因 (1)A number of factors are accountable for this situation. (2)The answer to this problem involves many factors. (3)The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that… (4)The factors that contribute to this situation include…

初中英语语法——句子成分及其他

句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1)主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、数词,不定式,动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首,还可用“It”作形式主语(如主语从句) 2)谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用,必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致,通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类:简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,不管什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成:一是带不定式的复合结构;一是带表语的复合结构。 3)表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,可以由名词、代词,数词,形容词、副词、介词,介词短语,不定式,动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任,表语要放在连系动词之后。4)宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象,由名词、代词、数词,名词化的形容词,名词化的分词,不定式,动名词,从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语),直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下,间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后,但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面,其宾语还需要有一个补足语,才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式,形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。 6)定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7)同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释,说明,与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词,代词,数词和从句等。 8)句子成分巧划分:主在前,谓在中,宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依,直、间之间to、for连,宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如: 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词(例如1)、代词(例如2)、数词(例如3)、动词不定式(例如4)、动名词(例如5)和主语从句(例如6)。 注:当动词不定式做主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为:It is difficult to understand his words.其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外, 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语 里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first

(完整)初中英语句子种类(一)

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小学英语语法句子的种类

句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答,实际情况是肯定的,就用yes。否定的就用no.

小学英语一般疑问句,否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句: 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,放在最前面, 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,句前加Did,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是,则句前加Do,其余照抄。 改为否定句: 方法和上面一样, 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,再后加not,其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,人后加didn’t,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是,则人后加don’t,其余照抄 对划线部分提问: ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分,②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 (注:如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄;如划线部分为动词或动词短语,则用do代替,句前加what,再改为一般疑问句)例如: He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.

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