北师大版高中英语必修四 Unit11 The Media-语法篇(教师版)

第 1 页 Unit 11 The Media 语法篇

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

1、被动语态。

2、动名词。

一，被动语态

1. 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语部分需用被动语态形式，即“系动词be+过去分词”。

例：English is spoken all over the world today.

2. 被动语态常用于需要强调动作的承受者；不知道谁是动作的执行者，没有必要说出动作的执行

者以及科技文章中。

例：The bridge was made of stones.

3. 各种时态的被动语态

时态 被动语态

一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词

一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词

一般将来时 will be + 过去分词

过去将来时 would be + 过去分词

现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词

过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词

现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词

过去完成时 had been + 过去分词

例：I f they are caught, they will die.

We shall be punished if we break the rule.

A computer center is being built for the students.

All the broken windows have been repaired.

4. 被动语态的特殊结构

①含有情态动词的被动语态。其结构为：can/may/must/need/should/… + be + 过去分词

例：The children should be taken good care of.

②带有双宾语动词的被动语态，一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

例：He was given a person by his mother for his brother.

③带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）动词的被动语态构成，一般是将宾语变为被动语态中的主语。

例：The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

④感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等和使役动词have, make, let等后面接不带to的不定第 2 页 式作宾语补足语，但其被动语态不定式要带to。

例：A stranger was seen to walk into that building.

⑤一些相当于及物动词的短语动词，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，在被动语态中，介词和动词不可以省略。

The meeting was put off till Friday.

二，动名词

动名词由动词+ing构成，否定形式为not doing, 具有动词的特点，可以带有宾语和补语，同时具有名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可以充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1. 作主语

例：Seeing is believing.

2. 作表语

例：My job is teaching.

3. 作宾语

①admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive,

give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t

stand等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。

例：What environment do you enjoy working in?

Can you imagine doing such work?

②forget, remember, mean, regret, go on, stop, try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

mean to do sth. 打算做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事

regret to do sth. 遗憾做了某事

go on doing sth. 继续做某事

go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事

try doing sth. 试着做某事

try to do sth. 尽量做某事

③allow/advise/forbid/permit + doing sth. 允许/建议/禁止/准许做某事；allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. To

do sth. 允许/建议/禁止/准许某人做某事。

例：They don’t allow smoking here.

They don’t allow me to smoke here. 第 3 页 ④need, require, want作“需要”解，其后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；be worth doing主动形式表示被动意义。

例：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.

⑤短语devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, be busy in, have difficulty/trouble/problem(in), have

a good/wonderful/hard time (in), there’s no use/good/need, feel like, get down to等需用动名词形式作宾语。

例：We look forward to hearing from you soon.

⑥love, hate, prefer, like等动词后用动名词作宾语时指一般情况；跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。

例：I like swimming, but I prefer diving.

4. 作定语，说明被修饰名词的特征，功能或作用。现在分词作定语则与被修饰的名词是主谓关系。

例：There is a large reading room in the library.

例1. If nothing _____, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

A. does

B. had been done

C. will do

D. is done

解析：句意：如果不采取措施的话，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。本题考查被动语态。Nothing与do之间为被动关系，而且又是“主将从现”的句式，故选D项。

答案：D。

例 2. We are confident that the environment _____ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

A. had been improved

B. will be improved

C. is improved

D. was improved

解析：句意：我们有信心，通过我们进一步减少污染的努力，环境会有所改善。考察时态。题干中的are表明语境是现在，空格处的动作是将来发生的，故B为正确答案。

答案：B。

例3. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

A. Known

B. Having known

C. knowing

D. Being known

解析：句意：懂得基本的急救技能有助于对紧急情况作出快速反应。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。分析题干可知非谓语动词短语作主语，因为过去分词不能做主语，排除A项。根据句意可知，空格处不是表达完成或被动意思，排除B和D项，故答案为C项。

答案：C。 第 4 页 例4. The airport _____ next year will help promote tourism in this area.

A. being completed

B. to be completed

C. completed

D. having been completed

解析：句意：明年即将竣工的机场有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。首先排除D项，因为having been done形式不能作定语；A：正被完成；C：已经完成；B：即将被完成。

答案：B。

例5. （2019北京房山高三二模）The discussion _____ now and it will not be long before the final result

is announced.

A. is holding

B. will be held

C. is being held

D. has held

解析：句意：讨论正在进行中，用不了多久就会公布最终结果了，根据now可知，讨论正在进行中，应用现在进行时，主语the discussion与动词hold之间为被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案选C。

答案：C。

基础演练

一，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Is honest the best policy? We __________ that it is when we are little.(teach)

2. The letters for the boss __________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.(put)

3. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.(repay)

4. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house __________.(rebuild)