Predicting proton-nucleus total reaction cross sections up to 300 MeV using a simple functi

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arXiv:nucl-th/0212051v1 12 Dec 2002Predictingproton-nucleustotalreactioncrosssectionsupto300MeVusingasimplefunctionalform

P.K.Deb∗andK.Amos†SchoolofPhysics,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Victoria3010,Australia(Dated:February8,2008)AbstractTotalreactioncrosssectionsarepredictedforprotonscatteringfromvariousnuclei.Asimplefunctionalformhasbeenusedthatreproducesthetotalreactioncrosssectionsforthescatteringofprotonsfrom(15)nucleispanningthemassrangefrom9Beto238Uandforprotonenergies10to300MeV.

PACSnumbers:25.40.-h,24.10.Ht,21.60.CsI.INTRODUCTIONReactioncrosssectionsfromthescatteringofnucleonsbynuclei(stableandradioactive)arerequiredinanumberoffieldsofstudy;somebeingofquitecurrentinterest[1].Thosefieldsrangefromproblemsinbasicsciencethroughmanyofappliednature.Anexampleofthelatteristhetransmutationoflonglivedradioactivewasteintoshorterlivedproductsusingacceleratordrivensystems(ADS).Aswell,proton-nucleus(p-A)crosssectionvaluesatenergiesto300MeVormoreareneedednotonlytospecifyimportantquantitiesofrelevancetoprotonradiationtherapy[2],butalsoastheyarekeyinformationinassessingradiationprotectionforpatients.Asanexampleinbasicscience,totalreactioncrosssectionsareimportantingredientstoanumberofproblemsinastrophysics.Alsotheintegralobserv-ableofprotonscatteringfromagivennucleusgivesdirectinformationontheneutronrootmeansquareradiusinnuclei[3];apropertysoughtinparity-violatingelectronscatteringexperiments[4].Itwouldbeveryutilitarianifaspectsofsuchscatteringwerewellapproximatedbyasimpleconvenientfunctionalform.Recentlyithasbeenshown[8]that,forneutrontotalreactioncrosssections,suchaformmayexist.Hereinweconsiderthatconceptfurthertoreproducethemeasuredtotalreactioncrosssectionsfromprotonscatteringforenergiesrangingfrom10MeVto300MeV,andfrom15nucleiranginginmassfrom9to238.

II.FORMALISMThetotalreactioncrosssectionsforprotonscatteringfromnucleicanbeexpressedintermsofpartialwavescattering(S)matricesspecifiedatenergiesE∝k2,by

S±l≡S±l(k)=e2iδ±l(k)=η±l(k)e2iℜ[δ±l(k)],(1)whereδ±l(k)arethe(complex)scatteringphaseshiftsandη±l(k)arethemodulioftheSmatrices.Thesuperscriptdesignatesj=l±1/2.Totalreactioncrosssectionsthenfollowfrom

σR(E)=π

k2

∞󰀇

l=0σ(R)l(E).(2)

Despitethesuccesseswithuseoftheg-foldingapproachtodefineNAopticalpotentials[6],wenotethattherearediscrepanciesbetweenthepredictionsoftotalreactioncrosssectionsfoundtherebyandactualdata.Thoseusuallyareduetolimitationswiththestructuremodelusedtodescribethegroundstatedensitiesofsomenuclei.However,therehavebeensomanysuccesseswiththeapproach[1,5,6,7]thatwebelievethefunctionalformdevelopedhereonthebasisofmatchingthevaluesobtainedwithg-foldingpotentialsarepertinentinitialguessestostartarefinement(oftheparametervalues)toreproduceactualmeasuredtotalreactioncrosssections.Asevidentfromthefigurespresentedinarecentpaper[8],thepartialtotalreactioncrosssections,σ(R)l(E),canbedescribedbythesimplefunctionalform,

σ(R)l(E)=(2l+1)󰀁1+e(l−l0)a󰀁1+e(l−l0)withl0(E,A),a(E,A),andǫ(E,A)varyingsmoothlywithenergyandmass.Thesummationgivingthetotalreactioncrosssectioncanbelimitedtoavaluelmaxandtheassociatedformtendsappropriatelytotheknownhighenergylimit.Withincreasingenergy,lmaxbecomessolargethattheexponentialfallofthefunctionalform,Eq.3,canbeapproximatedasastraightverticalline(l0=lmax).Inthatcase,thetotalreactioncrosssectionequatestotheareaofatriangle,and

σR⇒πk2l2max.(4)Thenwithlmax∼kR,athighenergiesσR⇒πR2;(5)thegeometriccrosssectionasrequired.

III.RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONSAlthoughonusingEqs.2and3tomatchvaluesof(theoretically)calculatedtotalreactioncrosssectionsled[8]tothethreeparametersl0(E,A),a(E,A),andǫ(E,A)havingsmoothvariationswithenergy,therearediscrepanciesbetweenthosepredictionsandtheactualmeasureddata.Hereinwemodifythemethodofselectionofthoseparametervaluestoproducemoreaccuratereactioncrosssectionvalues,whilekeepingassmoothavariationwithenergyofthoseparametersaspossible.Specifically,inEq.3,wehavesettheǫasaconstant(−1.5)andsoindependentofenergyandofmass.Furtherweassumethata(E,A)varieslinearlywiththewavevector,

k=1E2−m2c4,(6)andwiththeforma(E,A)∼1.02k−0.25.(7)

Thenl0(E,A)wereadjustedtoensurethatallmeasuredtotalreactioncrosssectionvaluesarematchedbyusingthefunctionform,Eq.3.Theresultantoptimizedvaluesfortheparameterl0arepresentedinFig.1.Inthisfigure,thepointsrepresentthecalculatedvaluesofl0atparticularenergieswheretheexperimentalvaluesoftotalreactioncrosssectionsareavailablefortheconsiderednuclei.Wehaveusedthelowerandupperuncertaintylimitstogettheerrorbarsforl0values.Wecallthesel0valueswithuncertaintiesas”data-l0”hereafter.Thecurvesresultonusingasplineinterpolationonthosedatapointsconstrainedtogiveanoptimalsmoothnessvariationofl0(E,A)withE.Thefiguredisplaystheresultsfortheentireenergyrange(to300MeV)inthelefthandpanels,whiletherighthandpanelsemphasizethelowenergyvariationsto50MeVsincemostexperimentalvalueslieinthatrangeofenergy.Inpanel(a)ofFig.1,thesolid,dotted,dashed,long-dashed,anddot-dashedlinesdepictthevaluesfor9Be,12C,16O,19F,and27Alrespectively,asdocircles,squares,diamonds,uptrianglesanddowntrianglesforthedata-l0results.Thesamelegendsapplytothe10to50MeVplotsshowninpanel(b).Inpanels(c)and(d),theenergyvariationsofl0valuesfor40Ca,63Cu,90Zr,118Sn,and140Cearepresentedbysolid,dotted,dashed,long-dashedanddot-dashedlinesrespectively.Thecorrespondingdata-l0pointsarealsopresentedby