Week7 打破句子的单调感(1)teacher

一、 状语前置 状语前置，即把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放至句首。 最大好处——长短错落有致。

某些时候，状语前置会引起句子倒装（详见 倒装句 一章）！ 1. 当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go，come等表示位置移动的动态动词时，通常用全部倒装(挡住誉为代词时不倒装)： Lower and lower he bent. Away went his hat. 2. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装： In this chapter will be found a partial answer. 3. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装： Never have I found him in such a good mood. When I was at school, on no account were we allowed to answer the masters back (跟教师顶嘴). 4. 句首状语若由“only+副词”“only+介词词组”“only+状语从句”构成，引起局部倒装 5. 以关联词not only（but also）开头的分句，局部倒装 6. 以关联词“so （that…）”开头的句子中，“so+形容词”是主语补语的前置，“so+副词”是状语的前置，均需引起倒装 7. 当方式状语等移至句首，有时可以引起局部倒装，也可以不用倒装： Slowly and impressively he rose from his seat.

改写下列句子：将状语前置，注意倒装 1. You won’t find such fine pupils anywhere else. Nowhere else will you find such fine pupils. 2. He did not come to our school at any time during his long stay in Shanghai. At no time during his long stay in Shanghai did he come to our school. 3. The manager will not on any account tolerate rudeness from his employees. On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees. 4. He had no sooner begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong. No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong. 5. You won’t find such a wide variety of goods in any other department store. In no other department store will you find such a wide variety of goods.

二、 插入语句式 插入语术语独立成分（指与全句没有语法关系的句子成分） 插入语的运用可以使语言更加准确或更有说服力，因为它总是结合语言进一步说明。如果将插入语去掉，基本句在结构上仍然是完整的。但有时插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。 可分为：单词插入语、短语插入语、句子插入语 1. 单词插入语：多为形容词、副词 The box is a little bit heavy. I can manage it, though.这个盒子有点重，但我能拿得动 I can, however, discuss this when I see you. 2. 短语插入语（形容词短语、介词短语、过去分词短语、现在分词短语、不定式短语等） China and India, for example, are friendly neighbours. By the way, what do you usually do in your spare time? Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job. 3. 句子插入语 主要用于加强语气、提醒注意、加以验证。常见的此类插入语有：I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose, I remember, I see, I say, I am afraid, as far as I know/ remember/ am concerned, you see, they know, do you know, do you think等 Jack, as far as I know, is not so honest as we expect. He is the best man I can find who can mend it within an hour.

三、 强调句式 强调句式主要有：It is … that…型， do/does/did + 动词原形型，There be …doing型，Wh-…is…型。

（一） It is/was … that/who…型 可以对句子中的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行充分强调. 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+..that/who.+剩下部分 也就是说,在这个句子中,是IT作主语,无论什么时候,谓语动词只能用单数.不存在用WERE的情况了.如:

I didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday. 对主语进行强调：It was I that/ who didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday. 对宾语进行强调：It was all my mistakes that I didn’t realize until you told me yesterday. 对状语进行强调：It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.

相关练习：把下面的句子改为强调句 1) He wants to see you. 对主语强调：It is he who wants to see you. 对宾语强调：It is you who/ whom/ that he wants to see. 2) Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago. 对主语强调：It was Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago. 对宾语强调：It was the old man who/ whom/ that Mike and Mary helped several days ago. 对状语强调：It was several days ago that Mike and Mary helped the old man 3) I happened to meet Tom in the street the day before yesterday. 对主语强调：It was I who/ that happened to meet Tom in the street the day before yesterday. 对宾语强调：It was Tom who/ whom/ that I happened to meet in the street the day before yesterday. 对时间状语强调：It was the day before yesterday that I happened to meet Tom in the street. 对地点状语强调：It was in the street that I happened to meet Tom the day before yesterday.

注意：

1. 如果强调的部分是人，则人称代词须保持原来的形式，这时连接词可用who, whom代替that。 2. 如果强调句子中的地点、时间或原因状语时，连接词仍用that，不能用where, when或why。 3. not…until…句式的强调：与否定词连用的until短语或从句在被强调时应注意否定转移： It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.

（二） What… is/ was…句型 可以对谓语和其他成分进行强调(一般把What… is/ was…删去，仍是一个完整的句子)： What I am going to tell you is that you are already admitted to Beijing University. What John did last night was to prepare a long report.

改写练习： 1. The teacher told them an interesting story yesterday. 改用wh-型强调：What the teacher told them yesterday was an interesting story. 对主语强调：It was the teacher who told them an interesting story yesterday. 2. She is making an explanation about the accidence. 改用wh-型强调：What she is doing is making an explanation about the accidence. 对主语强调：It is her who is making an explanation about the accidence. 3. We need more time. 改用wh-型强调：What we need is more time. 对主语强调：It is us who need more time. 对宾语强调：It is more time that we need. 4. But he was really interested in painting. 改用wh-型强调：But what he was really interested in was painting. 对主语强调：It was him who was really interested in painting. 对宾语强调：It was painting that he was really interested in.