Lesson 1 The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation
保护地栽培（设施栽培）的历史与发展
1. It includes a discussion of protected cropping in cold-and hot-frames glass cloches lean-to houses winter gardens orangeries conservatories and glasshouses in their varied forms and plastic-clad plant enclosures of all sizes ranging from low tunnels walk-in tunnels to large plastic houses
它包括一系列利用冷床、温床、玻璃罩、单屋顶温室、冬季花园、橘园、暖房和不同形式的玻璃温室和塑料覆盖，包括小拱棚、中棚（人能在其中行走）和塑料大棚中对园艺作物进行保护性种植的讨论。
2. the greenhouse is defined as a transparent enclosure designed to grow or temporarily protect plants Thus the definition does not include enclosures for growing mushrooms or tissue cultures.
温室定义为：旨在生长和临时保护作物的透明覆盖物。因而这个定义不包括食用菌和组织培养的设施
3. Chinese plant culture may have included greenhouses that according to tradition go back to antiquity A Chinese greenhouse consisted of a brick wall oriented east-west. On its southern side, a transparent surface consisting of bamboo sticks covered with oiled paper was placed at an angle 30。-40。to the horizontal During the day the brick wall became heated by the sun and at night it released its heat In addition at night the paper window was covered by rush mats which acted as thermal insulation. Similar simple greenhouses are in use today and it is claimed that they increase the night temperature by up to 6℃
中国传统的作物栽培很有可能已经包括温室，并且可以追溯到远古。中国温室包括东西走向的砖墙。南边是用竹竿支撑、上面覆盖油毡纸的透明覆盖物，与地面成30-40°。白天，墙体吸收太阳热量，晚上放热。另外，夜间在纸窗上加盖草帘隔热。这种简易温室至今仍在应用，据称它能将夜温提高6℃。
4. Heating and carbon-dioxide fertilization of hotbed through the decomposition of mixtures of horse manure and plant residues was widely used in the Netherlands at the beginning of the last century and remained the common way for growing cucumbers and melons until horses were replaced by tractors in the years after the Second World War
在十九世纪初荷兰就广泛运用分解马粪和植物残渣来给温床加热和CO2施肥，并一直沿用这种常规方法栽培黄瓜和甜瓜中，直到二战结束后的几年里，当马被拖拉机所取代（没有马粪可以使用）。
2 cold-and hot-frame阳畦和温床6 conservatory温室
8 tunnel拱棚 low tunnel小拱棚 walk-in tunnel 中拱棚 large plastic house塑料大棚
9 tissue culture组织培养10 out-of-season flowers and vegetables反季节的花卉和蔬菜
12 decaying manure or compost腐熟的农家肥或堆肥17 rush mat草席
21 even-span等屋面的 single-span单跨 multi-span连跨 多跨27 hotbed温床
Lesson 2 Goals of Greenhouse Climate Control
1.The use of climate control can influence the most important above-ground growth factors. These factors are light, CO2 concentration, temperature and air-humidity. The quantity of light is determined in most cases by the weather conditions outside the greenhouse, although the use of shades or supplementary lighting allows the grower to control this to some extent. Through the use
