visionandscope

Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｒｉｔｅｒ Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｉｅｓ Ｉｎｃ，ＵＬ是一个独立的、 非营利的、为公共安全做试验的专业机构。ＵＬ认证 主要是针对北美市场的，有单独针对加拿大的ｃＵＬ 认证、美国的ＵＬｓ认证，还有加拿大和美国两个市 场都有的ｃＵＬｓ认证。
国内认可资质
３Ｃ产品认证检测 船用电缆认证检测 出口产品检测 电能认证产品检测
中心的实验能力在行业中处于领先地位，建有国际水平的各类实验室，包括４０×３０×２１ ｍ的 ５００ｋＶ超高压实验室、电气安全实验室、耐环境实验室、燃烧性能实验室等。中心是我国目前投 资规模最大和最具影响力的电线电缆检验机构之一。
中心不断打造自身的核心竞争力，以技术优势和高效服务保障产品、公众和环境的安全。
FOCUS ON TESTING GREAT AT RESEARCH STRIVE TO MAKE INVENTIONS
００ ／０１
Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ Ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎ ａｎｄ Ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ Ｃａｂｌｅｓ ａｎｄ Ｗｉｒｅｓ（ＪｉａｎｇＳｕ）
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国家电线电缆质量监督检验中心（江苏）
the normally scheduled 3-year Reassessment Programme administered by the IECEE CB Scheme.
Date of Issue: 2012-08-17 TL443
ＣＢ英文名称：Ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ Ｂｏｄｉｅｓ＇ Ｓｃｈｅｍｅｒ ＣＢ体系覆盖的产品是ＩＥＣＥＥ系统所承认的ＩＥＣ标准范 围内的产品；ＣＢ体系的主要目标是促进国际贸易， 其手段是通过推动国家标准与国际标准的统一协调 以及产品认证机构的合作，而使制造商更接近于理 想的“一次测试，多处适用”的目标。

VS300 Series Quick Reference GuideThe VS 300 is a complete video microscope system in a handheld and directly viewed package. The VS 300 view safe microscope removes concerns for eye safety while inspecting optical fiber connectors. The design of this video microscope eliminates the optical path to the eye by utilizing a miniature camera and a state-of-the-art microdisplay that achieves unparalleled clarity and resolution.Magnification of the VS 300 inspection scope is equivalent to 400X (23-degree field of view comparable to an 8” monitor viewed at a distance of 20”) and provides 600X when images are displayed on a 12” monitor connected to the VS 300. The VS 300 video microscope uses thread-on adapter caps and has an energy saving automatic shutoff.The VS 300 is supplied with a 2.5mm Universal adapter cap and neck strap. For greatest inspection flexibility additional adapter cap styles are available from Noyes. For a list of available adapter caps contact Noyes, or visit our web at /go/Noyes.Optical ports and connector end faces must be kept free from dirt or other contaminates to ensure accurate measurements and operation. For cleaning connector end faces on test jumpers and in fiber frames or adapters, use optical quality cleaning fluid such as AFL FCC2 connector cleaning fluid and AFL CCT molded cleaning tips. For cleaning the lenses and adapter caps, use lint-free optical cleaning wipes such as AFL FiberWipes and optical quality cleaning fluid such as AFL FCC2 connector cleaning fluid (or IPA - reagent grade isopropyl alcohol 99% or better).Visit our web at /go/Clean for more information. /1.800.321.5298 /1.603.528.7780Adjusting DiopterPrior to inspecting fiber optic connectors, you need to perform a diopter adjustment to provide proper viewing of the display for your vision. This is accomplished by observing the display with no fiber in the inspection port. Note: This adjustment needs to be performed once unless your vision changes over time.1.Turn on the VS 300 inspection scope.2.Slowly turn the eyepiece clockwise/counterclockwise until edges of the display becomes clear, sharp lines and pixels become visible.This adjustment provides optimum focus of the display for your vision. Inspecting ConnectorsThe VS 300 offers 3 methods of inspecting fiber optic connectors:•Viewing fiber-end images on the VS 300 display by looking directly into the eyepiece. This method provides the 400X magnification (23-degree field of view comparable to an 8” monitor viewed at a distance of 20”).•Viewing fiber-end images on the external video monitor connected to the VS 300. This method provides the 600X magnification on a 12” monitor and requires a video cable and external video monitor.•Transferring fiber-end images to a PC for viewing, saving, and printing.This method provides the 600X magnification on a 12” monitor andrequires a video cable and computer that is equipped with an external or internal NTSC video digitizer.To Inspect Connectors:1.Select an adapter cap that matches the connector to be inspected.2.Mount the selected adapter cap on the VS 300 inspection port.3.Insert the cable to be inspected in the adapter cap.4.Turn on the VS 300 either by pressing the power button or by connecting an AC adapter.Slowly adjust the focus knob to focus the fiber-end image on the camera.5.If the fiber-end image is not centered in the display, the adapter cap and adapter cap mount may be moved by hand to correct the problem.1.Loosen the locking ring.2.Apply left/right or front/back pressure on the adapter cap and the fiber-end image will move accordingly on the display (motion will be reversed when viewed on an external monitor).When centering a fiber-end image or viewing ferrule is complete, tighten 3.the locking ring.Note: The VS 300 is a complex imaging system. Occasionally, an image may not appear after the instrument is powered up. To correct this problem, remove and reinstall the batteries.Focus knobAfter focusing is complete, the magnified view will reveal the condition of the core and cladding. Below are the various examples of fiber ends ranging from excellent to very poor conditions.Transferring Images to a PC or Video MonitorTo inspect fiber optic connectors by viewing fiber-end images on the external video monitor or transfer images to a PC, perform the following steps:Select the appropriate video cable.1. Plug one end of the video cable into the video Out port on the VS 300.2. Plug the other end into a video In port on the external video monitor or3. PC video capture device. Refer to the digitizer’s manual for additionalinformation on capturing, saving, and printing images.Excellent conditionScratches and dirtCleaning residueSeverely scratched Lint or dustWARNING! Use only the specified AC adapter. Use of another type ofAC adapter can damage the instrument and create the danger of fire and electrical shock.CAUTION! To avoid serious eye injury, never look directly into the optical outputs of fiber optic network equipment, test equipment, patch cords, or test jumpers. Always assume that optical outputs are on.NOTICE! The VS 300 inspection scope contains no user serviceable parts. Except for changing batteries and cleaning optical ports, these units must be returned to Noyes or authorized agents for repair and calibration. IMPORTANT! Although the VS 300 inspection scope has been designed to operate in a wide range of environmental conditions, care should be taken when handling or storing any precision optical equipment such as the VS 300 inspection scope.Please visit our web at /go/Noyes for updates and additional information.© 2009 AFL Telecommunications, all rights reserved. VOS3-00-1000 Revision F, 2009-09-23。

眼科学英语词汇ophthalmology, OPH, Ophth 眼科学visionics 视觉学visual optics 视觉光学visual physiology 视觉生理学physiology of eye 眼生理学visual electro physiology 视觉电生理学pathology of eye 眼病理学dioptrics of eye 眼屈光学neuro ophthalmology 神经眼科学ophthalmiatrics 眼科治疗学ophthalmic surgery 眼科手术学cryo ophthalmology 冷冻眼科学right eye, RE, oculus dexter, OD 右眼left eye, LE, oculus sinister, OS 左眼oculus uterque, OU 双眼eyeball phantom 眼球模型eye bank 眼库prevention of blindness, PB 防盲primary eye care 初级眼保健low vision 低视力blindness 盲totol blindness 全盲imcomplete blindness 不全盲congenital blindness 先天性盲acquired blindness 后天性盲曾用名“获得性盲”; functional blindness 功能性盲organic blindness 器质性盲occupational blindness 职业性盲legal blindness 法定盲visual aura 视觉先兆visual disorder 视觉障碍visual deterioration 视力减退transitional blindness 一过性盲amaurosis 黑amaurosis fugax 一过性黑toxic amaurosis 中毒性黑central amaurosis 中枢性黑uremic amaurosis 尿毒性黑cortical blindness 皮质盲macropsia 视物显大症曾用名“大视”; micropsia 视物显小症曾用名“小视”; metamorphopsia 视物变形症polyopsia 视物显多症曾用名“多视”;visual hallucination 幻视phosphene 光幻视photopsia 闪光感曾用名“闪光幻视”;entopic phenomenon 内视现象Haidinger brush 海丁格内视刷muscae volitantes 飞蚊症曾用名“飞蝇幻视”; chromatopsia 色视症erythropsia 红视症chloropsia 绿视症xanthopsia 黄视症cyanopsia 蓝视症iridization 虹视hemeralopia 昼盲nyctalopia 夜盲diplopia 复视binocular diplopia 双眼复视monocular diplopia 单眼复视asthenopia, Asth 视疲劳曾用名“眼疲劳”; anisometropic asthenopia 屈光参差性视疲劳accommodative asthenopia 调节性视疲劳muscular asthenopia 肌性视疲劳heterophoric asthenopia 隐斜性视疲劳ophthalmalgia 眼痛photophobia 畏光曾用名“羞明”; lacrimation 流泪foreign body sensation 异物感conjunctival secretion 结膜分泌物form sense 形觉visual sense 视觉optic resolving power 视觉分辨力visual angle 视角minimum visual angle 最小视角parallax, PRLX 视差visual acuity, VA, vision, V 视力central vision 中心视力曾用名“中央视力”; paracentral vision 旁中心视力distant vision 远视力near vision 近视力naked vision 裸眼视力corrected vision 矫正视力stereoscopic vision 立体视觉binocular vision 双眼视力monocular vision 单眼视力contrast sensitivity 对比敏感度spatial contrast sensitivity 空间对比敏感度temporal contrast sensitivity 时间对比敏感度contrast sensitivity function, CSF 对比敏感度函数examination of form sense 形觉检查法examination of visual acuity 视力检查法examination of distant vision 远视力检查法examination of near vision 近视力检查法visual acuity chart 视力表standard visual acuity chart 标准视力表standard logarithmic visual acuity chart 标准对数视力表Snellen chart 斯内伦视力表Landolt chart 朗多环形视力表standard near vision chart 标准近视力表Jaeger chart 耶格近视力表counting fingers, CF 数指曾用名“指数”;hand movement, HM 手动light projection 光定位曾用名“光投射”;light perception, LP 光感no light perception, no LP 无光感simulated blindness 伪盲曾用名“诈盲”;depth perception 深度觉曾用名“深径觉”;depth perceptometer 深度觉计stereoscope 立体镜stereoscopy 立体镜检查法visual island 视野岛visual isopter 等视线horopter 双眼单视界horopter curve 双眼单视界曲线visual field, Vf 视野central visual field 中心视野peripheral visual field 周边视野absolute visual field 绝对视野relative visual field 相对视野monocular visual field 单眼视野binocular visual field 双眼视野color visual field 色视野form visual field 形视野confrontation method 面对面视野检查法曾用名“对照法”;perimeter 视野计arc perimeter 弧形视野计hand held perimeter 手持视野计hemispherical perimeter 半球形视野计projection perimeter 投影视野计static perimeter 静态视野计multiple stars perimeter 星群视野计visual field analyser 视野分析仪static quantitative perimeter 静态定量视野计automatic quantitative perimeter 自动定量视野计perimetry 视野检查法dynamic perimetry 动态视野检查法static perimetry 静态视野检查法quantitative perimetry 定量视野检查法automatic quantitative perimetry 自动定量视野检查法flicker fusion perimetry 闪烁融合视野检查法pattern form perimetry 图形视野检查法campimeter 平面视野计campimetry 平面视野计检查法stereocampimeter 立体平面视野计stereocampimetry 立体平面视野计检查法quantitative maculo perimetry 定量黄斑视野检查法Amsler grid 阿姆斯勒方格表normal visual field 正常视野tubular visual field 管状视野spiral visual field 螺旋状视野defect of visual field 视野缺损constriction of visual field 视野缩小hemianopsia 偏盲temporal hemianopsia 颞侧偏盲nasal hemianopsia 鼻侧偏盲bitemporal hemianopsia 双颞侧偏盲binasal hemianopsia 双鼻侧偏盲homonymous hemianopsia 同侧偏盲heteronymous hemianopsia 异侧偏盲upper hemianopsia 上偏盲lower hemianopsia 下偏盲horizontal hemianopsia 水平偏盲quadrantanopsia 象限盲sparing of macula 黄斑回避scotoma 暗点blind spot 盲点physiological blind spot 生理盲点absolute scotoma 绝对暗点relative scotoma 相对暗点positive scotoma 实性暗点negative scotoma 虚性暗点central scotoma 中心暗点peripheral scotoma 周围暗点pericentral scotoma 中心周围暗点paracentral scotoma 旁中心暗点angioscotoma 血管暗点arcuate scotoma 弧形暗点ring scotoma 环形暗点baring of physiological blind spot 生理盲点外露曾用名“生理盲点暴露”; Seidel scotoma 赛德尔暗点Bjerrum scotoma 比耶鲁姆暗点R nne nasal step 伦内鼻侧阶梯scotometer 暗点计scotometry 暗点测定法light sense 光觉photopic vision 明视觉scotopic vision 暗视觉light adaptation 明适应dark adaptation 暗适应noctovision 夜间视觉photoptometer 光觉计examination of light sense 光觉检查法photoptometry 光觉测定法dark adaptometer 暗适应计Kohlrausch bend 科尔劳施屈曲nyctometer 夜盲计macular photostress test 黄斑光应力试验foveal densitometry 中央凹密度测定法color sense, color vision 色觉trichromatic theory 三色学说dyschromatopsia 色觉障碍achromatopsia, color blindness 色盲achromatopsia, total color blindness 全色盲protanopsia 红色盲deuteranopsia 绿色盲anerythrochloropsia 红绿色盲axanthopsia 黄色盲tritanopsia 蓝色盲axanthocyanopsia 黄蓝色盲anianthynopsy 紫色盲color weakness 色弱protanomalia 红色弱deuteranomalia 绿色弱dyserythrochloropsia 红绿色弱tritanomalia 蓝色弱examination of color sense 色觉检查法color vision plate 色觉检查图pseudoisochromatic chart 假同色色觉检查表Farnsworth dichotomous test 法恩斯沃思色相配列试验FM100 hue test FM-100色彩试验D15 panel test D-15色盘试验Thomson wool skeins test 汤姆森彩绒试验chromoptometer 色觉计anomaloscope 色盲检查镜examination of external eye 外眼检查法曾用名“眼外部检查法”; Schirmer test 希尔默试验breakup time of tear film, BUT 泪膜破裂时间dye outflow test 染料流畅试验fluorescein test 荧光素试验dacryocystography 泪囊造影术radiography of lacrimal passage 泪道放射照相术conjunctival congestion 结膜充血ciliary congestion 睫状充血mixed congestion 混合充血chemosis 结膜水肿keratoscope, Placido disk 角膜镜specular microscope 角膜内皮显微镜corneal pachymeter 角膜测厚仪corneal topography 角膜地形图corneal topographic device 角膜地形图检测仪transillumination 透照法曾用名“彻照法”;examination of internal eye 内眼检查法曾用名“眼内部检查法”; keratic precipitates, KP 角膜后沉着物曾用名“角膜后沉淀物”; aqueous flare,Tyndall phenomenon 房水闪光reaction of pupil to light 瞳孔对光反应pupillary pharmacodynamic test 瞳孔药效试验pupillometer 瞳孔计pupillometry 瞳孔测量法pupillogram 瞳孔图iris shadow 虹膜投影iridodonesis 虹膜震颤曾用名“虹膜震荡”;iris angiography 虹膜血管造影术image of Purkinje Sanson 浦肯野-桑松像glaucomatous fleck 青光眼斑glaucomatous cup 青光眼杯glaucomatous halo 青光眼晕轮provocative test for glaucoma 青光眼激发试验bulbar compression test 眼球压迫试验darkroom test 暗室试验prone test 俯卧试验darkroom prone test 暗室俯卧试验mydriasis test 散瞳试验reading test 阅读试验water drinking test 饮水试验vitreous fluoraphotometry 玻璃体荧光光度测定法orbitography 眼眶造影术orbital pneumography 眼眶充气造影术orbital angiography 眼眶血管造影术orbital arteriography 眼眶动脉造影术orbital venography 眼眶静脉造影术ocular angiography, OAG 眼动脉造影术radiography of orbit 眼眶放射照相术orbitonometer 眶压计orbitonometry 眶压测量法exophthalmometer 眼球突出计简称“突眼计”; exophthalmometry 眼球突出测量法Bell phenomenon 贝尔现象electronystagmograph, ENG 眼球震颤电流描记仪electronystagmography, ENG 眼球震颤电流描记法electronystagmogram 眼球震颤电流描记图phorometry 隐斜测量法phorometer 隐斜测量计Maddox rod 马多克斯杆Maddox wing 马多克斯翼squinting eye 斜视眼angle of strabismus 斜视角strabismometry 斜视角测量法corneal reflection method 角膜反光点法arc perimeter strabismometry 弧形视野计斜视测量法strabismometer 斜视计cover test 遮盖试验alternative cover test 交替遮盖试验cover uncover test 遮盖-不遮盖试验Maddox rod test 马多克斯杆试验diplopia test 复视试验red glass test 红玻璃试验Bielschowsky sign 比尔绍斯基征Lancaster screen 兰开斯特屏oculocardiac reflex, Aschner phenomenon 眼心反射haploscope 视轴计eikonometer 影像计lensometer 镜片计trial case 试镜箱trial frame 试镜架trial lens 试镜片spectacle frame 眼镜架correcting lens 矫正镜片crossed cylinder lens 交叉柱镜曾用名“交叉圆柱镜”; accommodatometer 调节计correction of refractive errors 矫正屈光不正examination of refraction 屈光检查法cycloplegia 睫状肌麻痹fogging method 雾视法skiascope, retinoscope 检影镜曾用名“视网膜镜”;plane retinoscope 平面检影镜reflecting retinoscope 反射式检影镜streak retinoscope 带状光检影镜曾用名“条带检影镜phacoemulsification晶状体乳化加plus 减minus正 positive负negative验光方面的：散光astigmatism,近视myopia ,远视hyperopia ,老花眼presbiopia举例：OD:+165度S代表spherical, C代表columnar轴：axis裂隙灯slit lamp 直接检眼镜法 direct ophthalmoscopy直接检眼镜directophthalmoscope上直肌superior rectus 下直肌inferior rectus 内直肌 medial rectus 外直肌lateral rectus 上斜肌superior oblique 下斜肌inferior oblique内转adduct 外转abduct 上转elevate 下转depress外直肌由abducens nerve control ,上斜肌由trochlear nerve ,其余由oculomotor nerve controlwound leak after cataract surgery.白内障术后伤口渗漏;lockwood's ligament fuses the inferior rectus muscle and the inferior oblique muscle ..韧带将下直肌和下斜肌连接起来;泪器Lacrimal apparatus泪腺lac. gland, 副泪腺 accessory lac. gland 泪小点,lac. punctum, 泪小管 lac. canaliculus, 泪囊lac. sac , and鼻泪管the nasolacrimal duct.角膜分为5层a. epithelium上皮层b. Anterior limiting membraneBowman’s membranec. Stroma基质层d. Descemet membrane Posterior limiting laminae. Endothelium 内皮层photoreceptor光感受器optic papilla视神经乳头macula黄斑direct ophthalmoscope直接检眼镜indirectophthalmoscope间接检眼镜rod视杆细胞cone视锥细胞muscle 的远、近不同变化Mydriatics扩瞳剂 & cycloplegics睫状肌麻痹剂Hordeolum睑腺炎眼前房积脓hypopyon眼内炎endophthalmitis 棘阿米巴属acanthamoeba 真菌,霉菌fungifilamentous fungus 丝状真菌Candida albicans. 白色念珠菌Rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎lacrimal apparatus泪器alacrima无泪：cause:acoustic neuroma听神经瘤, surgery of cerebellopontine angle小脑桥脑脚disruption of lacrimal secretory nerve,tumors or inflammation of lacrimal gland,initially asymptomatic、develop keratoconjunctivitis角结膜炎paradixic lacrimation/crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪glaucoma chapter 青光眼。

名解1.双眼融像(binocular fusion)：将各眼的像融合成单一物像的过程，分为运动融像和感觉融像。

2.运动融像(motor fusion)：通过矫正性融合反射产生的定位性眼球运动，使偏离对应点的物像重新回到对应点以保持双眼单视的能力。

3.感觉融像(sensory fusion)：是视觉皮层的神经生理和心理的过程，联合两眼各自获得的图像对视觉空间形成统一的感知。

4.调节(accommodation )：人眼为了看清近物而改变眼的屈光力的能力，主要靠晶状体前表面的曲率增加而使眼的屈光力增强。

5.调节需求：外界特定距离的物体令眼看清它所需要的调节量，数值上等于眼主点到外物距离（m）的倒数。

6.调节反应：眼能够看清外界特定距离物体需要付出的最小调节量。

7.调节超前：外界特定距离的物体产生调节需求，人眼为了看清这一物体所付出的调节量大于这一需求，他们的差值被称为调节超前。

8.调节滞后：外界特定距离的物体产生调节需求，人眼为了看清这一物体所付出的调节量往往小于这一需求，他们的差值被称为调节滞后。

9.辐辏（vergence）：即聚散，人眼为了达到双眼单视，获得最佳立体视，精确调整双眼视线夹角对准外物的能力。

聚散分为：张力性聚散、调节性聚散、近感知性聚散和融像性聚散。

10.辐辏需求：视近物时保持双眼单视所需要的辐辏量，为瞳距（cm）/外物距离（m），单位为棱镜度。

11.视觉抑制（vision suppression）：为了消除病理性复视和视混淆的一种主动的视知觉代偿机制。

12.Panum区：指一眼视网膜的某一区域中的任一点与对侧眼视网膜的某一特定点同时受刺激时，将产生双眼单视。

不同于视网膜的点与点对应，而是点与区对应。

13.Panum空间：Panum区在外界空间的投射产生Panum空间，其范围包括单视圆的前后区域，落在其中的物体仍能单视。

14.视网膜对应点（corresponding retinal points）：在一眼视网膜上的每一点都与对侧视网膜上的某一点相对应（生理盲点除外），具有相同的视觉方向。