上海市上海海洋大学附属大团高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching ratsIf you are annoyed by rats, think twice about getting a cat. A cat might lead to the appearance of a rat-free home, but it turns out that the rats are still there. They are just keeping a low profile.“Cats are not the natural enemy of rats,” says Michael Parsons of Fordham University, New York. “They prefer smaller prey.”His team 1 (study) a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York in the past few years. When cats moved into the plant last year, the researchers were disappointed, but decided to set up cameras 2 (monitor) the area.Over five months, they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats, only two of 3 succeeded. Cats have good reasons to be cautious. The common rat has large teeth that can give a painful bite and carry lots of diseases. They also weigh 340 grams on average 4 (compare) with 25 grams for a mouse.Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats 5 the rats are sick or injured. The two rats killed during the team’s study 6 have been weakened by eating poisoned food, he says.However, cats do have a big influence on rat behavior. “Rats overestimate the risk caused by cats,” says Parsons. His team found that when cats are in the area, rats spend much more time in 7 (hide) and move around cautiously. That means they are much less likely to be seen by people, which could explain 8 most people wrongly think cats are good at killing rats.Some cat owners may 9 (convince) their pets are excellent ratters. But Parsons has found that many people mistake mice 10 rats. That said, it is possible there are a few exceptional cats that do take on healthy, adult rats, he says.二、选词填空11．Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canConsidering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or , customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balancedwith the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to and their best.All these of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.三、完形填空How to help your kids find a purpose? You don’t have to start with the really big questions. Quick, what’s the meaning of life?” Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn’t 12 our kids don’t have questions or need answers.“The sense that your personal life is 13 to you is a basis of psychological well-being,” says Michael F. Steger，director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that，it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more 14 , more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚韧), and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.But helping your kids find meaning doesn’t mean parents have to 15 all life’s ancient mysteries, Steger says. The 16 is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life.“We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives,” Steger says. “We can start with trying to 17 how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.”With kids in 18 school, Steger says, “At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they 19 .” To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, “You can ask questions about what they think their best 20 or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt 21 for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid’s 22 way of being in and contributing to the world.”In middle school, says Steger, “Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be 23 different from the ones they have always assumed weretrue.” So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children’s sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been 24 .By high school, according to Steger, “We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about 25 .”But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have 26 , smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.12．A．intend B．mean C．remain D．hope 13．A．significant B．decisive C．meaningful D．useful 14．A．confident B．cautious C．intelligent D．special 15．A．discover B．present C．memorize D．solve 16．A．trick B．occupation C．address D．promise 17．A．look for B．pick up C．deal with D．figure out 18．A．junior B．advanced C．elementary D．senior 19．A．make a difference B．spare no effort C．take the initiative D．make a living20．A．specialties B．qualities C．features D．performances 21．A．appreciated B．prepared C．understood D．well-known 22．A．apparent B．smart C．unique D．appropriate 23．A．generally B．eventually C．impossibly D．completely 24．A．improving B．strengthening C．appearing D．changing 25．A．truth B．purpose C．positivity D．contribution 26．A．permanent B．long-lasting C．frequent D．occasional四、阅读理解If there is one thing we can conclusively say about Isaac Asimov, it’s that he could write. His body of work extends to over 500 books. To add to that, he was never bound to a specific field. Although most famous as a science fiction writer, he also published on many more topics.Part of this related to his gifted mind, but a bigger part was that he was well-educated. Many tend to think of being educated as the degrees we earn. Asimov did have a good degree, but his real education was broader than that. It was deeper than what he learned from instruction. It was his curiosity and his drive to push himself that took him from a young immigrant to maybe one of the most beloved US authors. As a young kid, he spent his days lost in his mind asking questions and creating imaginary worlds. He read books, and he loved knowledge.In his autobiography (自传) It’s Been a Good Life, Asimov tells a story about an encounter he had as a child when his father asked him a question: “How did you learn all this, Isaac?” “From you, Pappa,” Asimov said. “From me? I don’t know any of this.” “You didn’t have to, Pappa,” He said. “You valued learning and you taught me to value it. Once I learned to value it, the rest came without trouble.” The mark of educated minds has nothing to do with how much they know. It has everything to do with the way they know and the way they go about knowing.Also, one thing that many people don’t know about Isaac Asimov is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer for most of his life. By personal choice, his day-job was as a chemist. One of the things that many polymaths (博学者) naturally do is explore a broad range of non-fiction topics. But something they tend to overlook is the knowledge they can obtain from fiction. Before Asimov fell in love with science, he was already attracted by fiction. It was his love of Greek myth and his reading of 18th and 19th-century classics that led him to become a great writer.27．According to the passage, Isaac Asimov is a ____________.A．beloved US chemist B．full-time fiction authorC．productive sci-fi writer D．knowledgeable educator28．From the childhood encounter, we can learn that Asimov’ father ____________.A．loved teaching Asimov knowledge B．explored unknown fields with Asimov C．rescued Asimov from trouble D．taught Asimov to value learning 29．Which of the following might the author agree with?A．A good degree reflects one’s real education level.B．Polymaths tend to look down upon Greek myth.C．The way to learn is more important than knowledge itself.D．Non-fiction is not worth reading if one is to become a writer.30．What is the purpose of this passage?A．To analyze the reasons behind Asimov’s success as a writer.B．To introduce Asimov’s childhood and his achievements.C．To emphasize the contributions Asimov has made.D．To call on the readers to buy Asimov’s books.There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that-it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients.3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste before a printer can usethem, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.31．What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.B．It saves time and effort in cooking.C．It improves the cooking conditions.D．It contributes to restaurant decorations 32．According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food _______.A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials 33．What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A．The printing process is complicated.B．3D food printers are too expensive.C．Food materials have to be dry D．Some experts doubt 3D food printingThe Australian environment department has not finalised a single recovery plan for threatened species in nearly 18 months. The last time the department completed a recovery plan was in June last year. And the department says it has no time frame for addressing the other requests for recovery plans, which include the critically endangered animal Leadbeater’s possum (澳洲负鼠).Recovery plans are documents that outline key facts about endangered animals and plants, threats to their survival, and what should be done to prevent their extinction. Under national laws, it is the environment minister who decides whether a species requires a recovery plan. Once a plan is adopted, the minister cannot make any changes that might harm the plan. It has been previously reported that less than 40% of the listed threatened species have a recovery plan. A further 10% have been identified as requiring a recovery plan but those plans haven’t been developed.The Australian Conservation Foundation said the exposure was “shocking” and accused the department of prioritizing the economic development over environmental protection. “The fact that iconic (最具代表性的) species like the possum still don’t have a recovery plan highlights how broken the system is,” James Trezise, a policy analyst at the Foundation, said. “It is a critical issue that the development and implementation of these plans seem to beoptional. These plans should be developed, as required by law, and their implementation should be funded.”Trezise said the significant delay in developing the plans stood “in sharp contrast” to the government’s rush to carry out environmental assessments for major projects like the one for the mining company Rio Tinto. “The department’s priorities are all wrong,” he said. “They can bring bills before the congress for mining projects that harm the environment, but they can’t get just one recovery plan for a threatened species completed.”He said the delays would push more species closer to extinction. He called on the government to urgently address the issue and commit more resources to recovery planning. But for now, officials could not tell when the delays would be addressed, saying it would “take a very long time”. Emma Campbell, a senior official, said the department was working with an independent scientific committee to “reevaluate” which species should have a recovery plan.34．The underlined phrase “the exposure” (Line 1, Para 3) refers to ______________.A．the coming extinction of many endangered animalsB．the lack of funding for the implementation of the planC．the denial of the critical situtaion facing some speciesD．the government’s delay in developing recovery plans35．Which of the following is TRUE about recovery plans?A．They can be changed as the environment minister likes.B．They can help prevent endangered animals from going extinct.C．They document how endangered animals interact with humans.D．They cover more than half of the threatened species.36．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The government has not done enough about the recovery plans.B．The endangered animal possum will be extinct in 18 months.C．The government prioritizes Rio Tinto over mining projects.D．The independent committee is vital to addressing the issue.37．What might be the best title of the passage?A．Environment department accepting bribesB．Endangered animal protection with no fundingC．Threatened species at risk with no recovery plansD．Government forming tense relationship with the publicDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Most Important Video Game Ever MadeTime Magazine recently tasked its editorial staff with ranking the 50 greatest video games of all time. The number one spot was taken not by Super Mario, Zelda, or any other worthwhile competitors, but by the oldest and most basic game, Tetris. 38 It lives on in tablets, laptops, smartphones, and game consoles.Why is Tetris the game we can’t stop playing? Before Tetris, video games were distractions for teens, personified by Super Mario Bros. Tetris was different. It didn’t rely on the imitation of any cartoon characters. 39 The game was purely abstract, geometry in real time. It wasn’t just a game. It was an uncrackable code puzzle that anyone could play. Your parents played Tetris, your friends played Tetris, and you’ll encounter the same story in nearly every country on Earth.40 It has been included in the Applied Design collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It has been adapted as interactive public art projected onto the sides of buildings. And it is the subject of an annual World Championship competition.There are plenty of fascinating classic games. Why do we keep coming back to Tetris year after year? Scientists have discovered that Tetris has a unique effect on the human brain, making it the perfect tool for scientific research. 41 It is a term used in both medical and popular literature. It describes the result of repetitive, pattern-based activity that eventually shapes the thoughts and imagination of an individual. This unique effect has been used in studies at Oxford University to treat stress disorder.That’s pretty impressive for a few lines of code written by a lone computer scientist at the Russian Academy of Science in 1984. I have no doubt the first game many of us willdownload on the new phone will be the latest version of the most important game in history, Tetris.A．In fact, it didn’t imitate anything at all.B．This simple puzzle game, now more than thirty years old, continues to dominate best-of lists.C．The gaming giant Electronic Arts once sold more than 500 million copies of its version forthe iPhone and other smartphones.D．Thanks to the unique pathway it uses, the game shows real promise in medical treatments.E．The way Tetris affects the brain is so strong that it’s literally named the Tetris Effect.F．Tetris has entered popular and artistic culture.五、书面表达42．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old PeopleOld people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect.Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”_______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________六、翻译43．我的教学风格和多数教师相似。
