1-what is business

What is Accounting?
Financial Financial Statements statements
The definition of accounting Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information which permits the users to make informed judgments and decisions. This information is primarily stated in monetary terms.
从某种程度上来说，会计与地图有共同之处，它可以 帮助决策者确定公司的过去、现状和发展前景。会计的主 会计的主 要目的是为做经济决策的人提供有用信息。因此，会计本 身不是目的，而是达到目的的手段。
Many people think of accounting as simply a highly technical field practiced only by professional accountants. In reality, nearly everyone uses accounting information daily.
很多人都简单地把会计看作是仅由专业会计师从 事的高度专业化的工作。事实上，几乎每个人每天都 在运用会计信息。
Accounting information is simply the means by which we measure and communicate economic events. Whether you manage a business, make investments or monitor how you earn and use money, you are working with accounting.

13. ALeabharlann a business luncheon with a client, you knock over your beverage on the table. What should you do? A. Jump up immediately to find the waiter to clean up the mess B. Blot up the spill with your napkin and other people's napkins if they offer them C. Don't make a fuss. Cover the spill discreetly with your napkin and call the server over when you next see him or her. D. Apologize profusely and do whatever you can to clean up the mess yourself
3. How do you greet a visitor who has just entered your office? A. Call out a casual greeting and finish your present task. B. Lean across the desk and shake hands. C. Stand to greet him and indicate a chair. D. Let him choose a seat for himself.
8. You have received an invitation to a business reception with an important client marked RSVP. You are tentatively scheduled to leave on a business trip that day. You should … A. Ignore the RSVP because you probably can't attend. B. Call immediately and explain the problem, asking if you can RSVP later when your schedule is firm. C. RSVP so you'll have it covered, then don't go if your trip comes through. D. RSVP, then call to cancel at the last minute if your trip comes through.

Chapter One
0.2 Reasons of Negotiation
• Negotiation occurs for several reasons: • (1) to agree on how to share or divide a
limited resource, such as land, or property, or time; • (2) to create something new that neither party could do on his or her own; • or (3) to resolve a problem or dispute between the parties.
• Negotiation is the process we use to satisfy our needs when some one else controls what we want. -----Robert Maddux
Chapter One
What is Negotiation?
• Negotiation is an interpersonal decisionmaking process by which two or more people agree how allocate scarce resources
• 2. alternative: that can be used instead of sth. else 可替代\可选择的optional(Synonym)
• 3. joint : involving two or more people联合的、共同 的
• joint decision: consensus(Synonym ) • 4. bargain: to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with

1.What do we mean by business English writing? Please make a brief definition.2.What is the reason for doing business writing in business practice? Include detailsand examples in your explanation.3.What is the major characteristic and real purpose in school writing?As to teachers…As to students…4.What is the real intention of doing business writing? State your reasons?5.What is supposed to be a successful or effective business writing? And how toachieve this goal?6.How can we achieve a clear business writing?7.How to show your consideration in business writing? There two techniques, whatare they? Include details and examples in your explanation.8.What is the general process of business writing? Please explain the second stepwith details and examples.9.When do we use the signal phrase “please be informed that…”in businesswriting?10.What is the real self-introduction used in business letters? What do we mean bypleasantries? Include examples in your explanation.11.What is the difference between inquiry and request in business writing?12.There are two kinds of persuasion in business writing. What are they?13.In what kind of situation will you use persuasion when writing for business?14.Why is the form of a business letter important?15.In what situation will you start your letter by addressing your reader as “Dear siror madam”?16.In what situation will you address your reader as “Dear sir”?17.In what situation will you address your reader with his/her name?18.What are the three paragraphs contained in the body of a business letter?19.How shall the style of complimentary close match that of a salutation? Examplesshould be provided.20.A signature is not just a line, what is it?21.Why shall we have optional parts in writing a business letter? What optional partsare usually contained in a business letter?22.In what situation will you add an attention line to your letter?23.How to write an enclosure notation? What do we mean by “Encl.: a/s”?24.What is the appearance of a block style? What is the appearance of a modifiedblock style？25.What is the feature of a simplified style? What is the advantage of this style?26.What is supposed to be the disadvantage of writing a letter in modified blockstyle?27.There are two kinds of punctuation styles, what are they?28.What is the importance of establishing business relations in international trade?29.How many channels are there to establish business relations?30.What are the main contents of the letter concerning establishing businessrelations?31.How to get some necessary information about a new client with whom you wantto enter into business relations?32.How do you define a sales letter?33.What is the nature of a sales letter? Try to give a detailed explanation.34.Why is it necessary to serve the readers’ needs when selling a product or service?35.What is the main thing contained in most sales letters?36.What is the difference between feature and benefit of a product or service?37.What is a job application letter or a cover letter?38.What is the correct form of a job application letter?39.What should be a job application letter’s main points?40.How to show your qualifications to your prospective employer when writing a jobapplication letter?41.What are usually included in the closing part of a job application letter?42.How do you define a memo in business writing?43.What is the structure of a memo? Please make a detailed explanation.44.What are the major differences between memos and letters?45.How to write a subject heading for a memo? And examples should be provided.46.If your memo requires an action taken by the reader, how to close your memo in 1.Because we do not know whether the letter will be actually read and reader’sreaction to the contents of the letter.2.When you do not know the name and gender of the person you are writing to.3.When you want to appear cold (or very cold) to the person you are writing to.4.When you are on first name terms with the person you are writing to.5.They are an introduction or an acknowledgement of the previous correspondenceif any, giving about information and expressing a hope or refers to further action either by the writer or reader.6.It should be carefully chosen to agree with the salutation in tone and manner. Forexample, if the salutation is ‘Dear Sir or Madam’, the complimentary close should be ‘Yours faithfully’; if the salutation is ‘Dear Ms. Wilson ’, the complimentary close should be ‘Yours sincerely’.7.It is pepper Stebbins.8.They are the attention line, the subject line, the post scriptum, the reference initials,the enclosure notation and the copy notation.9.When you do not know the name and gender of the person but you know his orher position you are writing to, and you want to be received at an early date.10.Enc(l).: or Encls: or Enclosure(s). It means enclosure as stated.11.The appearance of a block style is that all its lines from the date line begin at theleft margin. The appearance of a modified block style is that all its parts begin at the left margin except the dateline, complimentary close and signature.12.Emphasizing contents over complimentary aspects of the letter is the feature of asimplified style .It’s advantage is saving writer’s time.13.The disadvantage is it is more difficult than block styles.14.They are mixed punctuation and open punctuation.15.Because in international trade, if you want to maintain or expand your businessscope, you have to find more business company, especially the company abroad, and try to establish business relations with them.16.There are four channels.17.The main contents are letterhead, date line, salutation, body, complimentary close,signature and inside address.18.We can get necessary information from banks financial conditions, chamber ofcommerce, commercial attaché of a foreign embassy and branches, agencies, sales representatives.1.A sales letter is that at regular intervals, companies might mail lettersto their customers or possible buyers to recommend or promote sales of their products or services.2.It’s nature is persuasive writing. Sales letters is to get someone to dosomething, like persuading readers to accept writer’s request or spend money, time, etc. on it, so, it must be presented convincing and indirect approach.3.Because readers will be satisfied if they gain something more valuablethan time or money they spent so that it can create readers’ interest. 4.It contains attention, interest, desire and action.5.Feature is what the product or service already has. Benefit is theoutcome of feature which buyer can gain from products; it can motivate buyers to buy the product or service. So, benefit should be pointed out and stressed.6.It is a short and introductory business letter written for the purpose ofgetting a job.7.The form contains letterhead, dateline, inside address, salutation, body,closing and signature.……8.Firstly, it should identify the job or position he wants. Also, it clarifieshis qualifications and request for an interview.9.We should tell readers about our applicant’s education, workexperience and specialty.10.First, we should inquire the chance of an interview; then, supplyingthe contact information is necessary; also, we should mention any items you are enclosing; last but not least, we should express willingness to offer any further information.11.It is used to remind of or draw someone’s attention to certain matterswithin a company.12.First is top center, that’s“memo”. The following is heading, and thisshould be left margin. In this part, four parts are included, they are the name of recipient, the name of the sender, subject and date. Next is memo messages, in this part, it has opening, body and closing threeparts. The optional part is signature.13.First, letters are written communication between companies; memosare written communication within a company. Secondly, letters are emphasizing the format and complimentary aspects; Are omitted in a memo.14.T hen, letters are the most formal type of business writing; memos arethe least formal. Last, letters are typed; however, memos are handwritten or typed.15.There are two ways, one is descriptive, and the other is informative.For example, “Security System Training” is descriptive; “Proposal for Security System Training” is informative.16.We should tell readers what we expect them to do, when to finish andhow to do. And we are better to show the benefit from actions, make actions easier, specific and polite.。