Book3-U2与课文相配写作材料(学生用)-(1)
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. . . . .
. . . . Cause and Effect（因果关系）
I. 学习目标：了解因果关系的写作方法
II. 概述：
在日常生活中，当我们需要就某一主题发表见解时，就需要用因果关系的方法来解释原因或告知结果（好/坏）。这种写作方法称为因果关系(Cause and Effect)。因果关系写作方法也是大学英语四、六级考试写作部分的主要段落发展模式中的一种。因果关系一般分为两种：一种是讨论事情发生的原因，称为Cause
Essay；另一种是讨论特定的事物发生后会产生什么结果，称为Effect Essay。其结构是：
(1) Cause Essay
Cause Essay
重点 主题句和支撑句之间的关系
段落发
展模式 Cause 1
Effect Cause 2
Cause 3
常用
连接词 ① One reason…, In addition, another reason…, Finally
② First of all, Second, In addition, Finally
实
例 Example 1 :
1] It is difficult for workers to find employment this years. （主题句）
2] One reason is that many industries are not hiring new workers . （支撑句1）
2] In addition, industries are reducing their current staff levels because of a
decline in national economic conditions. （支撑句2）
2] Another reason is that workers who once might have considered early
retirement are now staying at their jobs . （支撑句3）
2] Finally, other workers who once view their job as optional now must keep their
positions in order to meet their minimum financial responsibilities. （支撑句4）
Example 2:
1] Bag-packing traveling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among
young people in China. （主题句）
2] First of all, for poor financial condition, young people prefer this economic
traveling. （支撑句1）
2] Second, compared with under-guide tourists in a package-tour, bag-packers
enjoy more freedom in planning the whole traveling. （支撑句2）
2] In addition, it brings more fun with chances of visiting long-desired place as
long as they like and experiencing diverse folklores as many as they can .（支撑句3）
2] Finally, it rewards them with a fit built and a persevere character. （支撑句4）
. . . . .
. . . . (2) Effect Essay
Effect Essay
重点 主题句和支撑句之间的关系
段落发
展模式 Effect 1
Cause Effect 2
Effect 3
常用
连接词 As a result, Next, In addition, Finally
实
例 Example 1 :
1] It is difficult for workers to find employment this years. （主题句）
2] As a result, many recent college graduates are unemployed or taking part-time
jobs to meet expenses. （支撑句1）
2] Unemployment among high school graduates has meant that large numbers of
teenagers are seeking unemployment benefits. （支撑句2）
2] The unemployment figures are the highest in decades. （支撑句3）
2] Finally, the federal government must contribute large amounts of money to
support the growing numbers of people who are receiving welfare assistance.
（支撑句4）
Example 2:
1] Bag-packing traveling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among
young people in china. （主题句）
2] As a result, more and more young people comprehend the beauty and magic
of nature and further, fall in love with it. （支撑句1）
2] After experiencing the amazing magnificence of high mountains and long rivers
and the charming folklores of diverse peoples, they cannot help developing a
feeling of patriotism. （支撑句2）
2] Finally, the constant coming and going of visitors results in the development of
local tourism and in consequence, that of local economy as a whole. （支撑句3）
(3) 其他过渡词：
表原因：because, as, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of
表结果：thus, so, hence, consequently, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, as a consequence
(4) Other Expressions
Cause：
(1) There are several reasons why/for …
(2) The reasons for … are …
(3) … is the result of …
(4) … is caused by/due to/because of
Effect:
(1) The result/effect/consequence of … is …
(2) … (will) result in … . . . . .
. . . . (3) Thus/Therefore/In view of …, we
(4) may/can draw the following conclusions
III. 文分析
The Joys of an Old Car
(1) Some of my friends can't believe that my car still runs. (2) Others laugh when they see it parked
outside the house and ask if it's an antique. (3) But they aren't being fair to my twenty-year-old Toyota
Corolla（丰田卡罗拉）. (4) In fact, my "antique" has opened my eyes to the rewards of owning an old car.
(1) First obvious reward of owning my old Toyota is economy. (2) Twenty years ago, when my husband
and I were newly married and nearly broke, we bought the car — a shiny red year-old leftover — for a
mere $4,200. (3) Today it would cost four times as much. (4) We save money on insurance, since it's no
longer worthwhile for us to have collision coverage. (5) Old age has even been kind to the Toyota's engine,
which has required only three major repairs in the last several years. (6) And it still delivers twenty-eight
