被动语态全解
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:
1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态:am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
二.被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world
English is widely spoken in the world now.
(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
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Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
The problem is dealt with now .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .
三.主动主动语态变被动语态的变法:
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done ,时不变,数格必须随被变。
注:1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。
3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。
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4, 其它成分不变
5, 被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略
被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by +宾语"常常被省略。
(1) 动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from wood .
Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .
(2) 不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages #
Football is played in most schools。
(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时
Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by
It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute .
(2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by
She was not given a paniting by him .
—
This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .
(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by
Was it made of bamboo
(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by
What was is made of
教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are
如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .
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由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.
She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.
You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.
(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by
You must not take out any books .- Any books mustn't be taken out by you .
They needn't look after the little child ----The little child needn't be looked after (by them)
(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by
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Can you use it ------Can it be used
常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:
1, 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as .
2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you
We will have a meeting .
四.特殊情况的被动语态:
1.带双宾语的被动语态:
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth ——sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .
2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth ——sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sb
He gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him.
A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .
My mother made me a cake .
I ____ _____ a cake by my mother
A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .
口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.
3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ . 五.注意事项:
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:
last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine ,
2.不及物动词是没有被动语态:
happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)
3.系动词是没有被动语态:Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….
The dish tastes good .
4.有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well
This kind of skirt sells well.
表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .
All the computers need repairing .=
All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .
6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to solve.
(一)
一、单项选择
—
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom
—Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A. clean cleaned cleaning
( ) talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next week. A. given be given been given
( ) new book___ next month.
A. will be published
B. is publishing
C. is being published
D. has been published
】
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
—No,I____.
A. am not invited ’t invited
’t invited ’t invite
( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack
—When your homework___,you can.
A. is done done
( )—year—olds should not____to drive in China.
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allow allowed .
( ) him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what___.
happen happened happened.
( ) book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
written written.
( ) and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful.
planted planted planted planted.
( )’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.
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been named been named named named.
( ) earth is our ___well.
be protected protect
protect protected.
( ) recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___.
do;interested in do;interested
;interested ;interested.
( ) new library____in your school last year
%
;built ;built ;built ;built.
( ) accident___on this road last week.
been happened happened happened .
( ) ____in the southeast of China.
grown grown .
( ) far, the moon___by man already.
A. is visited be visited been visited visited.
( ) many trees ___this year
`
planted plant been planted .
( ) lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.
doing being done been done be done.
( ) of them ___ in China
made made made .
( )! A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is drawing being drawn been drawn .
( ) need a new pair.
【
out out worn out worn.
( ) doctor___for yet.
’t sent ’t been sent ’t be sent ’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___
—Last year. ;use ;used ;used ;used
( ) Great Wall__about all over the world.
known known.
( ) summer.
$
born been born born.
( ) says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week.
sent send sent be sent.
( ) ___this book__
;written ;written by ;written ;written
( ) ___show me her new dictionary.
asked to asked to asked to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
·
told us told to us told us us
( ) monkey was seen____out of the tree.
jump
(二)
二、单项选择
1 ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found
B. was founded
C. is founded
D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
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A. speaks
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings
B. often sang
C. is often sang
D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used
B. are using
C. are used
D. have used
2 ( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
、
A. keep
B. be kept
C. to be kept
D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold
B. it's selling
C. It's been sold
D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building ( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left
B. will be left
C. is left
D. has been left
-
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
3( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written
B. have not been written
C. has not written
D. has not been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
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A. didn't
B. won't
C. isn't
D. doesn't
4 ( ) 1 -My shoes are worn ___.
A. Can't they be mended
B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost
D. Can't they mended
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it.
A. Does
B. Has
C. Is
D. Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed
A. Will
B. Are
C. Has
D. Do
"
5( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold
B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting
D. a meeting wasn't held
( ) 2 Who was the book___
A. write
B. wrote
C. written
D. written by
( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. am
6( ) 1 The flowers___often.
~
A. must be water
B. must be watered
C. must watered
D. must water ( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept
B. be borrowed
C. keep
D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend
B. can mended
C. can be mend
D. can be mended
7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. are going to rebuilt
!
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown shown C. will show D. is shown
( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. will rebuild
8( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept
B. are keeping
C. have been keeping
D. have been kept ( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
`
A. used; keeping
B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep
D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows
B. is grown
C. were grown
D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built
B. built
C. were built
D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang
B. hanged
C. hanging
D. hung
9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.…
A. be stopped to throw
B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw
D. stop from throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with
B. filled of
C. fulling of
D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to
B. spoken
C. speak
D. spoken to
( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well
B. be looked well after
—
C. looked well after
D. be looked after well
10( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening
B. frightened
C. frighten
D. frightens
( ) 3 These walls___stones.
A. are made of
B. made of
C. are made into
D. made into
,
11( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called
B. was asked
C. told
D. was said
( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown
B. show
C. shown /
D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
to made for made for made to
12 ( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave
B. was giving
C. had given
D. was given
?
( ) 2 Good care____such things.
A. should take of
B. should be taken
C. should be taking
D. should be taken of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
;of taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you
13( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do
B. do
C. did
D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
~
A. was made to clean
B. made clean
C. made to clean
D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to
B. were seen for
C. were seen
D. saw to
14( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted
B. fit
C. fits
D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost
B. costed
C. cost
D. is costed
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( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had
B. was held
C. held
D. had
15 ( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place
C. were taking place
D. had taken place ( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
broken down wrong bad broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened
B. happened
C. have been happened
D. were happened |
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ . sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16 ( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken
B. is breaking
C. broke
D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written
B. were written
C. are writing
D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day
A. does; closed
B. does; close
C. is; closed
D. /; close
17 ( ) 1 Can he___ himself
@
A. get dress
B. get dressed
C. gets dressed
D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt
B. gets hurt
C. got hurt
D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__.
A. burnt
B. burn
C. burning
D. get burnt
18 ( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted
B. taste
C. tastes
D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
…
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard
B. listened
C. sound
D. sounded
19 ( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching
B. watched
C. seen
D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean
B. clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing
B. reading
C. seen
D. read
(一)参考答案
1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB 26~30DBBBD
(二)参考答案:
1. 1-5 B D D D C
2. 1-5 B C B B C
3. 1-3 A B B
4. 1-3 A B A
5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D
7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D
9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A 14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B