进化论的发展史【英文】
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Natural Theology:
saw the adaptation of organisms to their environment as evidence that the creator had designed each and every species for a particular purpose (based on Judeo-Christian culture)
Theistic evolution:
40%
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including man's creation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
James Hutton:
In 1795 suggested Gradualism, profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes
Aristotle (384-322 BC) Plato’s student
Fra Baidu bibliotek
all living forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity “scala naturae” (scale of nature) no vacancies and no mobility in this ladder of life species are fixed, permanent, and do not evolve
Bishop Ussher 1650
Earth is very young (based on Bible)
1st Day of creation: Sunday 23 October 4004 BC
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Historical Background to Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Evolution is the core theme of biology
The 3 main beliefs about Origins
Creationist view:
47%
God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years
Naturalistic Evolution: 9%
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. God had no part in this process.
Four Factors that limited the development of theory of evolution
1. Lack of knowledge on age of Earth 2. The Concept of fixity of species 3. Lack of scientific method 4. Notion of separate creation for humans and animals
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Charles Lyell
(1797-1875):
Uniformitarianism Embellished Hutton’s gradualism, geological processes are so uniform that their rates and effects must balance out through time Earth is very old
Carolus Linnaeus c. 1735
Swedish physician and botanist: father of taxonomy He believed that species were permanent creations, “God creates, Linnaeus arranges” Wanted to organize the “scale of nature”
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832):
Founder of Paleontology (the study of fossils)
Opposed evolution, thought that boundaries between fossil layers corresponded to catastrophic events such as floods or droughts Catastrophism = Earth is young
Plato (427-347 BC)
Saw variations in plant and animal populations as imperfect representations of ideal forms
Only the perfect forms of organisms were real: idealism, essentialism philosophy
Natural Theology:
saw the adaptation of organisms to their environment as evidence that the creator had designed each and every species for a particular purpose (based on Judeo-Christian culture)
Theistic evolution:
40%
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including man's creation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
James Hutton:
In 1795 suggested Gradualism, profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes
Aristotle (384-322 BC) Plato’s student
Fra Baidu bibliotek
all living forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity “scala naturae” (scale of nature) no vacancies and no mobility in this ladder of life species are fixed, permanent, and do not evolve
Bishop Ussher 1650
Earth is very young (based on Bible)
1st Day of creation: Sunday 23 October 4004 BC
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Historical Background to Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Evolution is the core theme of biology
The 3 main beliefs about Origins
Creationist view:
47%
God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years
Naturalistic Evolution: 9%
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. God had no part in this process.
Four Factors that limited the development of theory of evolution
1. Lack of knowledge on age of Earth 2. The Concept of fixity of species 3. Lack of scientific method 4. Notion of separate creation for humans and animals
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Charles Lyell
(1797-1875):
Uniformitarianism Embellished Hutton’s gradualism, geological processes are so uniform that their rates and effects must balance out through time Earth is very old
Carolus Linnaeus c. 1735
Swedish physician and botanist: father of taxonomy He believed that species were permanent creations, “God creates, Linnaeus arranges” Wanted to organize the “scale of nature”
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/religion/revolution/index.html
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832):
Founder of Paleontology (the study of fossils)
Opposed evolution, thought that boundaries between fossil layers corresponded to catastrophic events such as floods or droughts Catastrophism = Earth is young
Plato (427-347 BC)
Saw variations in plant and animal populations as imperfect representations of ideal forms
Only the perfect forms of organisms were real: idealism, essentialism philosophy