2019年职称英语卫生类A级补全短文

第十一篇

Leukemia Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare.

Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone

marrow.___1___DA kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone

marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a

person with leukemia don’t work the way they’re supposed to. ___2___EThe abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control1, filling the bone marrow and

making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form.

Other blood cells — such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the

body’s tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot) — are also crowded out2 by

the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts

of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up3. Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and

kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which

means using anti-cancer drugs.

___3___AChemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to

the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks

of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.

Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too.

___4___F

If the cancer isn’t getting better from using the usual amounts of

chemotherapy and radiation, then kid with leukemia will probably need more

treatment —with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation to finally kill the

cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the

kid’s bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer beable to produce

normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid — or anyone else with bone

marrow that is no longer working — normal bone marrow tissue from someone

else who is healthy. ___5___C 词汇：leukemia 白血病marrow 髓innermost 最内的，最深处的abnormal 反常的，变态的infection 感染multiply .增加，繁殖platelet 血小板clot (血等)凝结成块bloodstream 血流chemotherapy 化学疗法catheter 导管insert 插入，嵌入invisible 看不见的，无形的cancerous 生癌的;患癌症的heavy-duty . 重型的;大剂量的transplant 移植注释：1.out of control：失去控制;不受控制2.are also crowded out：也被排挤出去3.build up：逐渐积聚;集结练习：A. The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid’s upper chest.B. Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases. C. This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia. D. Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made. E. They don’t protect the person from infections very well.F. Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells. 答案与题解: 1.D前一句提到，白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。接下来应首选阐释骨髓的句子。2.E前一句讲，通常情况下，白细胞会对抗感染，但是白血病病人身上的白细胞却发挥不了其应当发挥的作用。这意味着它们不能很好地保护病人免受感染的侵袭。3.A前一句涉及化学疗法，即抗癌药物的使用。接下来应首选表达如何使用化疗药物的句子。4.F前一句讲到，有些患白血病的孩子也将接受放射治疗。接下来应选择能够说明放射治疗的句子。5.C此段的主要意思是，接受大剂量化疗的白血病患者骨髓可能出现问题，不再正常发挥作用。这时，医生就要把一个正常人的骨髓组织移到他身上。这一医疗措施的名称及其作用应该是下一句话所表达的内容。译文：白血病白血病是儿童所得癌症中最普遍的一种病症，不过这种病仍然是很少的。白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。骨髓是一些骨头中最内部的部分，并在那里产生红细胞。患白血病的孩子会在骨髓中产生大量不正常的白细胞。通常情况下，白细胞会对抗感染，但白血病人身上的白细胞却发挥不了其应有的作用，它们不能保护人体免受感染。骨髓中不正常的白细胞的

繁殖无法控制，使得骨髓中难以形成足够的正常感染的白细胞。其他的血细胞，像红白细胞(将血液中的氧气运送到身体其他器官的细胞)、血小板(凝血功能的细胞)也被白血病产生的白细胞排挤出去。这些癌细胞还可能扩散到身体的其他部位，包括血液，并在那里继续繁殖积聚。尽管白血病令儿童身受其苦，大大多数情况下还是可以治愈的，孩子们也会好起来的。几乎所有的白血病患者都要接受化疗，即采用抗癌药物。化疗药物通过导管进入病体，导管就是插在病人血管中的一根细管，有时插入孩子的胸上部。化疗能很快起效，抗癌药物通过血液到达骨髓并杀死癌细胞。警告经过几周的化疗，很多孩子都会感觉好一些。有些患白血病的儿童还必须采用放射疗法。放疗采用肉眼看不见的高能光波(类似X光)来杀死癌细胞。如果使用正常量度的放疗和化疗不能使病情好转的话，那么这个孩子可能需要接受更多的治疗，用更大剂量的放疗和化疗来治疗以最终杀死癌细胞。但是大剂量的化疗可能有害于白血病患儿骨髓中的正常细胞，使骨髓不能产生正常的血细胞。因此，医生会把正常人的骨髓组织移植到这个患儿或任何一个骨髓不能正常工作的人身上，这就是名叫骨髓移植的特殊疗法，它能帮助病人产生新的血细胞来战胜白血病而康复。第十二篇The Enemy WithinAllergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now

one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these

sufferers are children. In the UK, three million people suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.

Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and

unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or

peanuts. ____1_A___ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune

system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy

sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances, because it mistakenly