句子的种类及练习
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一、五大基本句型
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S + V + P)
Eg: The bike (主语) is (系动词) new. (表语)
The hat (主语) looks (系动词) nice (表语) on you.
2. 主语 + 谓语 (S + Vi.)
Eg: He (主语) swims (谓语) in the river every summer.
3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S +Vt. + O)
Eg: Children (主语) often play (谓语) the game. (宾语)
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + Vt. + IO + DO)
Eg: She (主语) showed (谓语)her friends (间接宾语)all her pictures.(直接宾语)
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S + Vt. + O + OC)
Eg: We (主语) keep (谓语)our classroom (宾语)clean and tidy.(宾语补足语)
二、感叹句
感叹句的结构
what 引导的感叹句:
(1)What + 不定冠词(a/ an)+ 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: What a beautiful present it is!
(2)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: What bad weather it is!
(3)What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: What interesting books they are!
how引导的感叹号
(1)How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!
(2)How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: How well he plays the violin!
(3)How + 主语 + 谓语!
Eg: How time flies!
注意:
(1)在口语中感叹句常常省略主语和谓语部分,有时只用一个词或一个短语,有时也可以省略感叹句中的形容词或副词。
Eg: What a useful book (it is)!
How exciting (the race is)!
(2)what和how引导的感叹句有时可以相互转换。
Eg: What a beautiful girl she is!
= How beautiful the girl is!
How hot the tea is!
= What hot tea it is!
三、疑问句
1.一般疑问句:常指用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
结构:Be + 主语 + 其它?
Eg: --Is she from England?
-- Yes, she is.
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它?
Eg: -- Must I finish the report today?
-- Yes, you must.
助动词+ 主语 + 动词原形/现在(过去)分词 + 其它?
Eg: Did she like dancing when she was young?
Have you been to Tibet? 2.特殊疑问句
what用于询问职业、身份、观点、看法等
Eg: What do you do on weekends?
where询问地点、位置
Eg: Where’s my schoolbag?
which询问特定的人或物
Eg: Which food do you think is healthy?
who询问身份
Eg: Who are you going to the movies with?
when询问时间
Eg: When will you finish the science homework?
why询问原因
Eg: Why did the ancient emperors build the wall?
how询问方式
Eg: How does Mary get to school?
how often “多久一次” 提问频率
how far “多远”提问距离
how long “多长时间”提问持续的时间,答语用“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去的时间点”
“多长”提问物体的长度
how soon “多久以后”提问将来的时间,答语用“in + 一段时间”
how much “多少(钱)”提问数量,后跟不可数名词或提问价格
how many “多少”提问数量,后跟可数名词复数
how old “多大”提问年龄
3.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是简略的疑问句。简略疑问句中的人称(用人称代词的主格)、数、时态等应和前面的陈述句保持一致。
(1)陈述句是肯定句式,简略疑问句用否定形式,即“前肯 + 后否”
Eg: Soccer is an international game, isn’t it?
(2)陈述句是否定句式,简略疑问句用肯定形式,即“前否 + 后肯”
Eg: I haven’t heard from you for a long time, have I ?
(3)反意疑问句的答语,要根据事实来决定用yes还是用no.
Eg: They are English songs, aren’t they?(它们是英语歌曲,不是吗?)
Yes, they are.(是的,它们是。)
No, they aren’t. (不,它们不是。)
She isn’t a teacher, is she? (她不是一位老师,是吗?)
Yes, she is. (不,她是位老师。)
No, she isn’t. (是的,她不是位老师。)
(4)祈使句的反意疑问句;如果祈使句为肯定结构,则简略疑问句用“won’t you”或“will you?”;
如果祈使句为否定句,则简略疑问句用“will you?”
Eg: Look at the blackboard, will you?
Don’t give him the book, will you?
以let’s开头的祈使句,简略疑问句用“shall we?”。而以let us开头的祈使句,其简略疑问句用“will
you?”
Eg: Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
Let Helen read the story, will you?
注意:
1.陈述句中有no, never, hardly, little, few, nothing, nobody等表示否定意义的的词时,该句应视为否定句。但注意不包括带有否定前缀的词,如dislike, unhappy, unfair等。
Eg: She could hardly work out the problem, could she? 2.陈述句部分是I think/ believe/ guess/ suppose等词,后接that 引导的宾语从句时,简略疑问部分应和宾语从句的主谓语保持一致。
Eg: I think they will help us, won’t they?
注意:遇到否定前移的情况,应将宾语从句视为否定句。
Eg: I don’t think Kate is going to dance, is she?
四、there be句型
表示“某地存在某物”
1.结构: there be + 主语(人或物)+ 地点。
be动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语时,be动词一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致,即“临近原则”
Eg: There is a book on the desk.
There are a lot of books on the desk.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
2.变否定句时在be动词后加not
Eg: There isn’t any water in the bottle.
3.变疑问句时将be动词提前
Eg: Are there any books on the desk?
4.there be句型常见的时态及结构
一般现在时: There is/ are…
一般过去时: There was/ were/ used to be…
一般将来时: There will be或There is/ are going to be…
现在完成时: There have/ has been…
含情态动词: There + 情态动词 + be…
五、祈使句
1.Do型: (Please +)动词原形 + 其他
Eg: Please listen to me carefully.
否定形式:don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
Eg: Don’t read in the sun.
2. Be型: Be + 表语。
Eg: Be quiet!
否定形式: Don’t + be + 表语
Eg: Don’t be late for class!
3. let型: let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他
Eg: Let’s have a rest!
否定形式:Don’t + let + 宾语 +其他
Eg: Don’t let him go there alone.
4. No型: No + 名词/动名词
Eg: No photos!
No smoking!
句型练习题:
一、五大基本句式(翻译)
1.父亲经常建议我多读有教育意义的书。
2.我们的国家正 变得越来越强大。
3.他的梦想将会实现。
4.他每天步行去上学。
5.我的爸爸给我买了一个书包当做生日礼物。
6.我要把这个桌子涂成粉色的。
7.那些鸟在天空中快乐地飞翔。