英语语法句子种类与类型

1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否 定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。
I
She arrived early.
She cannot have arrived now.
、 句
注：1）半否定句
子
I hardly know anything about it.
种 类
2）部分否定句与全否定句
I
2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择 疑问句、反义疑问句。
1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。
、 句
Have you anything to say?
子
种
Did someone phone me last night?
类
Can’t you understand it?
句
（2）倒装语序
子
种
Who are you talking about?
类
注：A、简略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest?
B、复杂特殊疑问句
What do you think he has done?
3）选择疑问句
I
(1)以一般疑问句为基础
、
Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?
句
子
Shall I help you or can you manage?
种
类
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train?

There being no bus, we had to walk home.
II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
1、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是 单词或短语的句子。
二
All roads lead to Rome.
、
He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.
However,no matter how,whether） 。
3、复合句
并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带
从句的并列句。
二
、
English is widely used in the world, but China 句
has the largest number of people who speak 子
English Grammar
Sentence II
英语句子种类与类型
I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、 THERE-BE存在句
II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
提 纲
I、句子种类（按交际用途分）
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、 感叹句、THERE-BE存在句
I
1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______?
、
2.—Mary didn't fail her exam, did she?
句
---______, she didn‘t.
子
种
3.You needn’t come, ______ you?
类
You need to come, ______ you?

【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。

2.句法句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。

句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构：简单句并列句a）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句：b）定语从句c）状语从句特殊句式：倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可作主语。

e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2．谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3．宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可充当宾语成分。

e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类：（1）双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.（2）复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4．表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

一般位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、分词、从句等均可作表语。

(4) 现在完成时和过去完成时的一般疑问句。 将助动词 have/has /had提至句首。 You have known her since your childhood? Have you known her since your childhood? 你从童年时就认识她吗？ Yes I have /No I haven’t He had learned English before he came here? Had he learned English before he came here? 他来这之前就学过英语吗？ Yes he had / No he hadn’t.
2.感叹句的种类
感叹句一般用what 或how开头，其具体用法如下：
(1) what引导的感叹句 (中心词是名词)
①What +a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！
What a cold day (it is) !
多么冷的一天啊！
What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聪明的男孩！
句子的种类
英语的句子按照用途可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使 句和感叹句。
(一)陈述句
用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句， 句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否 定句。 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 Tom is not good at English. 汤姆英语学得不好。
(2) 情态动词的一般疑问句。 陈述句中有情态动词，直接将情态动词提至主语前。 You can bring me some bread. Can you bring me some bread? Yes I can / No I can’t I must do it now. Must I do it now? Yes you must / No you need not.